Earth Systems Science: Key Themes, Trends, and Emerging Concerns

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Our Earth system is facing a multitude of challenges across a variety of threat vectors. Identifying, characterizing, quantifying, and addressing these risks remains difficult. Threats like climate change pose existential risks but are not well understood from an integrated systems and safety and security perspective. This paper will cover a few themes that should drive our thinking and research agenda on resilience, disaster preparedness, and climate change and be factored into our calculus going forward.