Beyond the twin transitions: Measuring EU Member States’ multidimensional performance with composite indicators

List of tables

Table 1: Indicators assessed in the economic dimension, 2018-2022

Table 2: Indicators assessed in the social dimension, 2018-2022

Table 3: Indicators assessed in the institutional dimension, 2018-2022

Table 4: Indicators assessed in the environmental dimension, 2018-2022

Table 5: Indicators assessed in the digital dimension, 2018-2022

Table 6: Indicators assessed in the social cohesion and trust dimension, 2018-2022

Table 7: Weighting process information

Table 8: Correlation between MPI scores and those of other global indices, 2022

Table 9: Convergence in the MPI and its dimensions

Table 10: Ranking simulation results

List of figures

Figure 1: MPI dimensions

Figure 2: The conceptual framework adopted in this work

Figure 3: The economic dimension, or the 'means'

Figure 4: The social dimension, or the 'ends'

Figure 5: The institutional dimension, or the 'ways'

Figure 6: The environmental dimension

Figure 7: The digital dimension

Figure 8: The social cohesion and trust dimension

Figure 9: The structure of the composite index

Figure 10: Distribution of weights for each dimension following the Monte Carlo simulation

Figure 11: Member State MPI scores in 2022

Figure 12: Member States grouped by MPI performance, 2018 and 2022

Figure 13: Economic dimension scores

Figure 14: Member States grouped by economic dimension performance, 2018 and 2022

Figure 15: Social dimension scores

Figure 16: Member States grouped by social dimension performance groups, 2018 and 2022

Figure 17: Institutional dimension scores

Figure 18: Member States grouped by institutional dimension performance, 2018 and 2022

Figure 19: Environmental dimension scores

Figure 20: Member States grouped by environmental dimension performance, 2018 and 2022

Figure 21: Digital dimension scores

Figure 22: Member States grouped by digital dimension performance, 2018 and 2022

Figure 23: Social cohesion and trust dimension scores

Figure 24: Member States grouped by social cohesion and trust dimension performance, 2018 and 2022

Figure 25: Horizontal dendrogram showing hierarchical clustering among Member States

Figure 26: Bivariate Pearson correlation between the MPI and its dimensions, 2022

Figure 27: Beta convergence within the institutional dimension, 2018-2022

Figure 28: Uncertainty analysis results: ranking variability for each Member State

Figure 29: Sensitivity analysis results

Figure 30: Index map featured on the landing page

Figure 31: View of the web tool allowing users to compare the weighted EU average and a Member State's score for each dimension: Austria example

Figure 32: View of the web tool page that allows users to assign importance to the dimensions of the MPI

Figure 33: User-customised bar chart of index values