American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) risk. The fund may invest in ADRs, which are U.S.-issued securities representing shares of foreign companies. ADRs are subject to foreign investment risks, including currency, political, economic, and market risks. ADRs may not track the price of underlying foreign securities, and their value may change materially when U.S. markets are closed. Unsponsored ADR issuers are not obligated to disclose material information in the United States, which may affect valuation and the fund's ability to respond to corporate actions in a timely manner. Holders of unsponsored ADRs generally bear all costs of such facilities and the depositary is frequently under no obligation to distribute issuer communications or pass through voting rights. The issuers of ADRs may discontinue and withdraw ADR programs at any time, which may result in costs and delays and may negatively impact the fund's performance.
Authorized participant concentration risk. To the extent that authorized participants are unable or otherwise unavailable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders and no other authorized participant is able to create or redeem in their place, shares may trade at a discount to net asset value (NAV) and may face delisting. To the extent that the fund's limited number of intermediaries that act as authorized participants exit the business or are unable to proceed with creation and/or redemption orders and no other authorized participant is able to create or redeem in their place, there may be a significantly diminished trading market for fund shares.
Cash transactions risk. Under certain circumstances, the fund intends to effect some or all of its creation and redemption transactions using cash, rather than in-kind securities. As a result, an investment in the fund may be less tax-efficient than an investment in an ETF that effects all of its creation and redemption transactions in-kind. In order to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds, the fund may be required to sell portfolio securities which may cause the fund to recognize capital gains or losses and incur higher brokerage costs. To the extent that the maximum additional charge for creation or redemption transactions is insufficient to cover these costs and expenses, the fund's NAV could be negatively impacted.
Economic and market events risk. Events in the U.S. and global financial markets, including actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve or foreign central banks to stimulate or stabilize economic growth, may at times result in unusually high market volatility, which could negatively impact performance. Reduced liquidity in credit and fixed-income markets could adversely affect issuers worldwide. Banks and financial services companies could suffer losses if interest rates rise or economic conditions deteriorate.
Equity securities risk. The price of equity securities may decline due to changes in a company's financial condition or overall market conditions. Securities the manager believes are undervalued may never realize their full potential value, and in certain markets value stocks may underperform the market as a whole.
ESG integration risk. The manager considers ESG factors that it deems relevant or additive, along with other material factors and analysis, when managing the fund. ESG factors may include, but are not limited to, matters regarding board diversity, climate change policies, and supply chain and human rights policies. The manager may consider these ESG factors on all or a meaningful portion of the fund's investments. Integration of ESG factors into the fund's investment process does not preclude the fund from including companies with low ESG characteristics or excluding companies with high ESG characteristics in the fund's investments. Incorporating ESG criteria and making investment decisions based on certain ESG characteristics, as determined by the manager, carries the risk that the fund may perform differently, including underperforming, funds that do not utilize ESG criteria, or funds that utilize different ESG criteria.
ETF trading risk. The market price of shares may include a bid-ask spread (the difference between the prices at which investors are willing to buy and sell shares), which may vary over time and may increase for various reasons, including decreased trading volume or reduced market liquidity.
Hedging, derivatives, and other strategic transactions risk. Hedging, derivatives, and other strategic transactions may increase a fund's volatility and could produce disproportionate losses, potentially more than the fund's principal investment. Risks of these transactions are different from and possibly greater than risks of investing directly in securities and other traditional instruments. Under certain market conditions, derivatives could become harder to value or sell and may become subject to liquidity risk (i.e., the inability to enter into closing transactions). Derivatives and other strategic transactions that the fund intends to utilize include: put and call options. If a put or call option purchased by the fund is not sold when it has remaining value, and if, on the option expiration date, the market price of the underlying security or index, in the case of a purchased put, remains equal to or greater than the exercise price or, in the case of a purchased call, remains less than or equal to the exercise price, the fund will lose its entire investment (i.e., the premium paid) on the option. When the fund sells (i.e., writes) an option on a security or index, movements in the price of the underlying security or value of the index may result in a loss to the fund, which may be unlimited for uncovered call positions. Put and call options generally are subject to counterparty risk.
Illiquid and restricted securities risk. Illiquid and restricted securities may be difficult to value and may involve greater risks than liquid securities. Illiquidity may have an adverse impact on a particular security's market price and the fund's ability to sell the security.
Industry or sector investing risk. The performance of a fund that focuses on a single industry or sector of the economy depends in large part on the performance of that industry or sector. As a result, the value of an investment may fluctuate more widely since it is more susceptible to market, economic, political, regulatory, and other conditions and risks affecting that industry or sector than a fund that invests more broadly across industries and sectors.
Initial public offerings (IPOs) risk. IPO share prices are frequently volatile and may significantly impact fund performance.
Investing in developed countries risk. The fund's investment in a developed country issuer may subject the fund to regulatory, political, currency, security, economic and other risks associated with developed countries. Developed countries tend to represent a significant portion of the global economy and have generally experienced slower economic growth than some less developed countries. In addition, developed countries may be impacted by changes to the economic conditions of certain key trading partners, regulatory burdens, debt burdens and the price or availability of certain commodities.
Large company risk. Larger companies may grow more slowly than smaller companies or be slower to respond to business developments. Large-capitalization securities may underperform the market as a whole.
Liquidity risk. The extent (if at all) to which a security may be sold or a derivative position closed without negatively impacting its market value may be impaired by reduced market activity or participation, legal restrictions, or other economic and market impediments.
Non-diversified risk. Adverse events affecting a particular issuer or group of issuers may magnify losses for non-diversified funds, which may invest a large portion of assets in any one issuer or a small number of issuers.