Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending September 30, 2025 (Form 10-Q)

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q and other reports filed by Duos Technologies Group, Inc., and its operating subsidiaries, Duos Technologies, Inc. ("Duos"), Duos Edge AI, Inc. ("Edge") and Duos Energy Corporation ("Energy") (Duos Technologies Group, Inc., Duos, Edge, and Energy collectively the "Company" "we", "our", and "us") from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") contain or may contain forward-looking statements and information that are based upon beliefs of, and information currently available to, the Company's management as well as estimates and assumptions made by Company's management. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. When used in the filings, the words "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "future," "intend," "plan," "aim," "project," "target," "will," "may," "should," "forecast" or the negative of these terms and similar expressions as they relate to the Company or the Company's management identify forward-looking statements. Such statements typically address the Company's expected future business and financial performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors, including the risks contained in the "Risk Factors" section of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, relating to the Company's industry, the Company's operations and results of operations, and any businesses that the Company may acquire. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, or planned.

These factors include, but are not limited to, risks related to the Company's ability to generate sufficient cash to continue and expand operations, the competitive environment generally and in the Company's specific market areas, changes in technology, the availability of and the terms of financing, changes in costs and availability of goods and services, economic conditions in general and in the Company's specific market areas, changes in federal, state and/or local government laws and regulations potentially affecting the use of the Company's technology, changes in operating strategy or development plans and the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel. The Company cautions that the foregoing list of risks, uncertainties and factors is not exclusive. Additional information concerning these and other risk factors is contained in the Company's most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, recent Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other filings filed by the Company with the SEC, which are available at the SEC's website, http://www.sec.gov. The Company believes its plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions. No assurance, however, can be given that the Company will achieve or realize these plans, intentions or expectations. Indeed, it is likely that some of the Company's assumptions may prove to be incorrect. The Company's actual results and financial position may vary from those projected or implied in the forward-looking statements and the variances may be material. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement. We do not undertake or accept any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any forward-looking statement is based, except as required by law. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements concerning the Company or other matters attributable to the Company or any person acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements above.

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Our financial statements would be affected to the extent there are material differences between these estimates and actual results. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management's judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management's judgment in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report.

Overview

We intend for this discussion to provide information that will assist in understanding our financial statements, the changes in certain key items in those financial statements, and the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements.

Plan of Operation

The Company's growth strategy includes expansion of its technology base through organic development efforts, strategic partnerships, and targeted acquisitions where appropriate. The Company provides a broad range of technology solutions with a primary emphasis on the Vision Technology market sector, specifically within the Machine Vision subsector. Machine Vision companies provide imaging-based automatic inspection and analysis for process control, with the potential for expansion into additional industries. The Company is currently expanding into the fast-growing data center and power generation markets with a focus on providing Edge Data Centers into key tier three and tier four markets where there is a large potential market for EDCs that are capable of providing support for data processing without the expense and delays of building more traditional facilities.

The Company's flagship product, the Railcar Inspection Portal (RIP), enables freight and transit railroad customers and select government agencies to conduct fully automated railcar inspections in real-time as trains move at full speed. The RIP integrates sophisticated optical, laser, and speed sensors with edge computing and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to detect safety and security defects instantly, allowing operators to take immediate action.

In 2024, the Company made a strategic decision to leverage its core expertise in high-speed data processing and AI-driven analysis to expand into additional markets. This resulted in the formation of two new subsidiaries:

1.

Duos Edge AI Inc. ("Duos Edge") - Specializing in high-speed data processing through Edge Data Centers, Duos Edge is focused on serving underserved Tier 3 and Tier 4 markets, providing critical infrastructure for education, healthcare, and enterprise computing needs. The Edge Data Centers support applications requiring real-time response, reducing reliance on centralized cloud-based processing and improving efficiency.

2.

Duos Energy Corporation ("Duos Energy") - Established to meet the growing demand for power generation outside of traditional utility grids, Duos Energy provides consulting, asset management, and operational expertise for rapid deployment power generation. Duos Energy has engaged in agreements with Fortress Investment Group ("FIG") to support power generation solutions, particularly for data centers and AI-driven applications, managing approximately 850 MW of generating capacity.

The strategic expansion into Edge Computing and power generation aligns with the Company's long-term vision to drive growth through diversified revenue streams while leveraging its existing technology infrastructure and domain expertise.

Prospects and Outlook

The Company is focused on improving operational and technical execution, which, in turn, will enable commercial expansion and new technology offerings. The primary objectives for 2025 and beyond include:

•

Integration of Edge Data Centers: The Company is actively deploying Edge Data Centers to enable faster, localized data processing, particularly in rural and underserved markets. The first site is operational as of September 30, 2025 and an additional 14 are expected to become operational in the fourth quarter of 2025. These initial Edge Data Centers are providing scalable solutions for enterprise and government clients.

•

Expansion into power generation and energy solutions: The newly formed Duos Energy subsidiary is positioned to capitalize on the increasing demand for behind-the-meter (BTM) energy solutions. The Company's AMA with New APR, valued at approximately $42 million over two years, along with its 5% non-voting equity interest in the ultimate parent of New APR, establishes a strong foundation for further market penetration in the fast power sector. This business expansion in conjunction with the revenue generated under the AMA is expected to provide a significant portion of the Company's revenues in 2025.

•

Expansion of the RIP business model: The Company is shifting to a modular and subscription-based approach, allowing customers to select specific Acquisition Modules suited to their operational needs. This transition provides flexible pricing structures, improves scalability, and enhances recurring revenue streams through "RIP-as-a-Service."

•

Deployment of AI-powered self-diagnostics: Enhancing RIP systems with AI-driven self-diagnostics enables real-time monitoring, improved system uptime, and predictive maintenance capabilities, reducing operational disruptions for customers.

•

Enhancements in artificial intelligence and automation: The Company continues to refine its proprietary AI solutions, including computer vision, deep learning, and predictive analytics, to improve inspection accuracy and operational efficiency across all product offerings.

•

Expansion into new vehicle inspection markets: While the Company remains committed to its core rail technology solutions, it continues to explore applications for scanning and inspecting other vehicle types, including trucks, buses, and aircraft. These markets offer potential growth opportunities through partnerships with logistics providers, government agencies, and commercial transport operators.

In 2024, Duos entered a long-term agreement with a major Class 1 railroad, securing data access from its RIPs and enabling new subscription-based services for over 3,000 railcar owners and lessors. This initiative could potentially open up new revenue streams while strengthening the Company's market leadership.

The Company recognizes that technology adoption within the rail industry can be a gradual process, requiring substantial capital investment from customers. To accelerate adoption, Duos is focused on demonstrating clear ROI for its solutions, securing long-term service agreements, and pursuing partnerships that enhance its value proposition. Additionally, investments in engineering and software development will ensure compliance with evolving Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and Association of American Railroad (AAR) standards, further positioning the Company for continued success in the rail sector.

With the diversification into Edge Computing and power generation, coupled with continued growth in its core machine vision and AI-based inspection technologies, the Company is well-positioned to drive increased revenue, improve profitability, and generate long-term shareholder value.

Although the Company's prospects for future revenue growth are anticipated to be favorable, investing in our securities involves risk and careful consideration should be made before deciding to purchase our securities. There are many risks that affect our business and results of operations, some of which are beyond our control and unexpected macro events can have a severe impact on the business. Please see the risk factors identified in "Item 1A - Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025.

Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements included in this report.

Comparison for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

The following table sets forth a summary of our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and is used in the following discussions of our results of operations:

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024
Revenues		$	6,877,283			$	3,238,910
Cost of revenues			4,360,881				2,319,811
Gross margin			2,516,402				919,099
Operating expenses			3,632,382				2,839,379
Loss from operations			(1,115,980	)			(1,920,280	)
Other income (expense)			75,726				518,617
Net loss		$	(1,040,254	)		$	(1,401,663	)

Revenues

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				% Change
Revenues:
Technology systems		$	263,910			$	1,686,456				-84	%
Services and consulting			6,589,373				1,552,454				324	%
Hosting			24,000				-				100	%
Total revenues		$	6,877,283			$	3,238,910				112	%

The decrease in technology systems revenues from $1,686,456 to $263,910 for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2024, is primarily attributed to delays outside of the Company's control with deployment of our two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals, which are recorded in the technology systems portion of our business. Although these systems remain largely ready for deployment, customer delays at the deployment site continue to prevent installation even though these two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals were deep into their production and manufacturing phases, which did not allow us to record the next phase of recognition. We believe that the customer is approaching the completion of the local site preparation and is preparing for field installation later this year. The Company is anticipating potential further delays related to this project in light of reviews currently being conducted by the Federal Government. Additionally, the Company continues to see opportunities for expansion of its programs with existing customers. In spite of the timing delays that continue to impact the quarterly results, management remains confident in the long-term potential of the RIP product.

The significant increase in services and consulting revenue for the quarter ended September 30, 2025, was primarily driven by Duos Energy executing on the Asset Management Agreement ("AMA") with New APR that was established on December 31, 2024. Under the AMA, Duos Energy oversees the deployment and operations of a fleet of mobile gas turbines and related balance-of-plant inventory, providing management, sales, and operational support services to New APR. As a result, the Company generated $4,248,680 in revenue from the AMA during the third quarter of 2025. In addition, the Company recognized $904,125 in revenue from amortized deferred revenue liability associated with its 5% non-voting equity interest in the ultimate parent of New APR. Revenue from the AMA and the 5% interest is reported under "Services and consulting - related parties" on the statements of operations. The remaining balance of $1,436,568 for services and consulting related to our legacy technology systems business is consistent with the 2024 comparable period.

The Company is now recording its first revenues from the deployment of Edge Data Centers and identified as "Hosting". The $24,000 of revenues recorded in the third quarter, 2025 represent those received from the first data center which became "live" in the second quarter. The Company is investing capital in building out a network of these data centers all of which will begin generating revenue following deployment with the "anchor" tenant.

The Company expects services revenue from both its power, hosting and related data center services to grow throughout 2025 and further into 2026. Growth drivers include the anticipated deployment of additional power plants under the AMA, the expansion of edge data centers coming online, and the addition of other revenues related to the growth within the data center space.

Cost of Revenues

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				% Change
Cost of revenues:
Technology systems		$	340,926			$	947,563				-64	%
Services and consulting			3,985,762				1,372,248				190	%
Hosting			34,193				-				100	%
Total cost of revenues		$	4,360,881			$	2,319,811				88	%

Cost of revenues largely comprises equipment and labor necessary to support the implementation of new systems, support and maintenance of existing systems, software projects, and support of the AMA with New APR.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the cost of revenues on technology systems decreased compared to the equivalent period in 2024; however, the decrease was less significant than the corresponding drop in revenue due to fixed cost components that do not vary with revenue. This reduction primarily reflects our ability to reallocate certain fixed operating and servicing costs for technology systems to support the AMA, an allocation we could not make in the comparative period because the agreement was not yet in effect. It also reflects the ramp-down of manufacturing ahead of field installation of our two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals, which has continued to temporarily slow project activity and further reduce cost of revenues while we await customer readiness for site deployment.

Cost of revenues on services and consulting significantly increased in the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the prior year period. This rise in costs is primarily due to supporting the AMA with New APR, where Duos Energy oversees the deployment and operations of a fleet of mobile gas turbines and related balance-of-plant inventory, providing management, sales, and operational support services to New APR.

Gross Margin

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				% Change
Revenues		$	6,877,283			$	3,238,910				112	%
Cost of revenues			4,360,881				2,319,811				88	%
Gross margin		$	2,516,402			$	919,099				174	%

Gross margin improved in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to Duos Energy's execution of the AMA with New APR. This includes $904,125 in revenue recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025, related to the Company's 5% non-voting equity interest in the ultimate parent of New APR, which carried no associated costs and therefore contributed at a 100% margin. These revenues and the associated margin contribution were not present in the prior year period. Additionally, when comparing results between periods, the stage of completion for manufacturing and installation activities within our technology business may vary and should be considered in the analysis.

Operating Expenses

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				% Change
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		$	253,779			$	471,411				-46	%
Research and development			115,080				396,610				-71	%
General and administration			3,263,523				1,971,358				66	%
Total operating expenses		$	3,632,382			$	2,839,379				28	%

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company experienced an increase in overall operating expenses compared to the same period in 2024. Sales and marketing costs declined as resources were allocated to costs of service and consulting revenues in support of the AMA with New APR. Additionally, research and development expenses fell by 71% owing to scaled-back testing of prospective technologies. General and administration costs increased 66%, largely due to non-cash stock-based compensation charged for restricted stock granted to the executive team on January 1, 2025, under new employment agreements with a three-year cliff vesting schedule. Additionally, there were general and administration costs that were allocated to cost of service and consulting revenues in support of the AMA with New APR. Overall, the Company continues to focus on stabilizing operating expenses while meeting the increased needs of our customers.

Loss from Operations

The loss from operations for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $1,115,980 and $1,920,280, respectively. The decrease in loss from operations was primarily the result of increased revenues during the quarter, driven by revenue generated by Duos Energy through the AMA with New APR, offset slightly by non-cash stock-based compensation charged for restricted stock that was not in the comparative period.

Other Income/Expense

Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $75,726 and $518,617 for the comparative period in 2024. Other income in 2025 was primarily driven by higher interest income resulting from a significantly larger cash balance compared to the prior period, , partially offset by a loss on extinguishment of debt. In 2024 the other income was primarily due to a gain from the fair value adjustment of the warrant liability and gain on extinguishment of warrant liabilities resulting from the exercise of warrants. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $29,334 and $116,396 for the comparative period in 2024. The decrease in interest expense is primarily due to the early repayment of the $2.2 million note and the associated monthly interest expense in 2025.

Net Loss

The net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $1,040,254 and $1,401,663, respectively. The 26% decrease in net loss was mostly attributed to increase in revenues generated by Duos Energy through the AMA with New APR as described above, offset by the non-cash stock-based compensation charged for restricted stock that was not in the comparative period. Net loss per common share was $0.06 and $0.18 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Comparison for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

The following table sets forth a summary of our unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and is used in the following discussions of our results of operations:

		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024
Revenues		$	17,565,509			$	5,820,086
Cost of revenues			12,216,492				5,020,919
Gross margin			5,349,017				799,167
Operating expenses			11,695,308				8,696,909
Loss from operations			(6,346,291	)			(7,897,742	)
Other income (expense)			(291,657	)			539,599
Net loss		$	(6,637,948	)		$	(7,358,143	)

Revenues

		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				% Change
Revenues:
Technology systems		$	369,991			$	2,221,310				-83	%
Services and consulting			17,163,518				3,598,776				377	%
Hosting			32,000				-				100	%
Total revenues		$	17,565,509			$	5,820,086				202	%

The decreases in technology systems revenues from $2,221,310 to $369,991 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is primarily attributed to delays outside of the Company's control with deployment of our two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals, which are recorded in the technology systems portion of our business. Although these systems remain largely ready for deployment, customer delays at the deployment site continue to prevent installation even though these two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals were deep into their production and manufacturing phases, which did not allow us to record the next phase of recognition. We believe that the customer is approaching the completion of the local site preparation and is preparing for field installation later this year. The Company is anticipating potential further delays related to this project in light of reviews currently being conducted by the Federal Government. Additionally, the Company continues to see opportunities for expansion of its programs with existing customers. In spite of the timing delays that continue to impact the quarterly results, management remains confident in the long-term potential of the RIP product.

The significant increase in services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was primarily driven by Duos Energy beginning to execute on the AMA with New APR that was established on December 31, 2024. Under the AMA, Duos Energy oversees the deployment and operations of a fleet of mobile gas turbines and related balance-of-plant inventory, providing management, sales, and operational support services to New APR. As a result, the Company generated $11,115,583 in revenue from the AMA during the first nine months of 2025. In addition, the Company recognized $2,712,375 in revenue from amortized deferred revenue liability associated with its 5% non-voting equity interest in the ultimate parent of New APR. Revenue from the AMA and the 5% interest is reported under "Services and consulting - related parties" on the statements of operations. Services revenue from the rail business also grew modestly during the nine months, supported by increases in service pricing across existing customer contracts. The remaining balance of $3,335,560 for services and consulting related to our legacy technology systems business is consistent with the 2024 comparable period.

The Company is now recording its first revenues from the deployment of Edge Data Centers and identified as "Hosting". The $32,000 of revenues recorded in the third quarter, 2025 represent those received from the first data center which became "live" in the second quarter. The Company is investing capital in building out a network of these data centers all of which will begin generating revenue following deployment with the "anchor" tenant.

The Company expects services revenue from both its power, hosting and related data center services to grow throughout 2025 and further into 2026. Growth drivers include the anticipated deployment of additional power plants under the AMA, the expansion of edge data centers coming online, and the addition of other revenues related to the growth within the data center space.

Cost of Revenues

		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				% Change
Cost of revenues:
Technology systems		$	921,405			$	2,311,912				-60	%
Services and consulting			11,245,551				2,709,007				315	%
Hosting			49,536				-				100	%
Total cost of revenues		$	12,216,492			$	5,020,919				143	%

Cost of revenues largely comprises equipment and labor necessary to support the implementation of new systems, support and maintenance of existing systems, software projects, and support of the asset management agreement with New APR.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the cost of revenues on technology systems decreased compared to the equivalent period in 2024; however, the decrease was less significant than the corresponding drop in revenue due to fixed cost components that do not vary with revenue. This reduction primarily reflects our ability to reallocate certain fixed operating and servicing costs for technology systems to support the AMA, an allocation we could not make in the comparative period because the agreement was not yet in effect. It also reflects the ramp-down of manufacturing ahead of field installation of our two high-speed Railcar Inspection Portals, which has continued to temporarily slow project activity and further reduced cost of revenues while we await customer readiness for site deployment.

Cost of revenues on services and consulting significantly increased in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the prior year period. This rise in costs is primarily due to supporting the AMA with New APR, where Duos Energy oversees the deployment and operations of a fleet of mobile gas turbines and related balance-of-plant inventory, providing management, sales, and operational support services to New APR.

Gross Margin

		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				% Change
Revenues		$	17,565,509			$	5,820,086				202	%
Cost of revenues			12,216,492				5,020,919				143	%
Gross margin		$	5,349,017			$	799,167				569	%

Gross margin improved in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to Duos Energy beginning execution of the AMA with New APR. This includes $2,712,375 in revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, related to the Company's 5% non-voting equity interest in the ultimate parent of New APR, which carried no associated costs and therefore contributed at a 100% margin. These revenues and the associated margin contribution were not present in the prior year period. Additionally, when comparing results between periods, the stage of completion for manufacturing and installation activities within our technology business may vary and should be considered in the analysis.

Operating Expenses

		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				% Change
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		$	966,394			$	1,737,353				-44	%
Research and development			846,850				1,168,752				-28	%
General and administration			9,882,064				5,790,804				71	%
Total operating expenses		$	11,695,308			$	8,696,909				34	%

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company experienced an increase in overall operating expenses compared to the same period in 2024. Sales and marketing costs declined as resources were allocated to costs of service and consulting revenues in support of the AMA with New APR. Additionally, research and development expenses fell by 28% owing to scaled-back testing of prospective technologies. General and administration costs increased 71%, largely due to non-cash stock-based compensation charged for restricted stock granted to the executive team on January 1, 2025, under new employment agreements with a three-year cliff vesting schedule and the payment of cash bonuses in the 2025 period related to the closure of the APR transaction and the associated AMA and 5% ownership grant compared to the prior year. Additionally, there were general and administration costs that were allocated to cost of service and consulting revenues in support of the AMA with New APR. Overall, the Company continues to focus on stabilizing operating expenses while meeting the increased needs of our customers.

Loss from Operations

The loss from operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $6,346,291 and $7,897,742, respectively. The decrease in loss from operations was primarily the result of increased revenues during the nine months, driven by revenue generated by Duos Energy through the AMA with New APR.

Other Income/Expense

Other income (expense) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was ($291,657) and $539,599 for the comparative period in 2024. Other income in 2025 was primarily driven by higher interest income resulting from a significantly larger cash balance compared to the prior period, offset by a loss on extinguishment of debt and higher interest expense, as discussed below. In 2024 the other income was primarily due to a gain from the fair value adjustment of the warrant liability and gain on extinguishment of warrant liabilities resulting from the exercise of warrants. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $439,260 and $117,991 for the comparative period in 2024. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to the amortization of the debt discount on the $2.2 million note and the associated monthly interest expense in 2025; This note was only recently entered into during the comparative prior period, resulting in lower interest expense for that timeframe.

Net Loss

The net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $6,637,948 and $7,358,143, respectively. The 10% decrease in net loss was mostly attributed to the increase in revenues generated by Duos Energy through the AMA with New APR as described above. Net loss per common share was $0.49 and $0.98 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2025, the Company has a working capital surplus of $27,574,533 and the Company had a net loss of $6,637,948 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth the major components of our statements of cash flows data for the periods presented:

		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024
Net cash used in operating activities		$	(11,031,943	)		$	(6,200,147	)
Net cash used in investing activities			(7,873,079	)			(1,555,544	)
Net cash provided by financing activities			45,840,224				5,959,962
Net increase (decrease) in cash		$	26,935,202			$	(1,795,729	)

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $11,031,943 and $ 6,200,147, respectively. The increase in net cash used in 2025 was driven primarily by the decrease in contract liabilities and increase in accounts receivable offset by elevated non-cash add-backs for depreciation, amortization, and stock-based compensation. The significant build-up in accounts receivable occurred as project and service billings outpaced collections coupled with a draw-down of contract liabilities as we execute on the AMA.

Net cash used in investing activities was $7,873,079 and $1,555,544 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in 2025 reflects continued investment in capitalized construction-in-progress costs associated with the edge data centers currently owned by the Company that are being deployed in 2025.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $45,840,224 and $5,959,962, respectively. Cash flows provided by financing activities during the first nine months of 2025 were primarily attributable to gross proceeds of $8,927,347 from our At-The-Market (ATM) offering program and a public offering of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $45 million, offset partially by $2,200,000 in repayments toward the principal balance of the secured promissory notes entered into with 21 April Fund LP and 21 April Fund Ltd. Cash flows provided by financing activities during the first nine months of 2024 were primarily attributable to gross proceeds of approximately $2,995,002 from issuances of Series D and Series E Convertible Preferred Stock, along with a combined total of $1,096,532 in proceeds from the issuance of common stock via warrant exercises of $899,521 and our At-The-Market (ATM) offering program for proceeds of $197,011.

On a long-term basis, our liquidity is dependent on the successful continuation of the revenue diversification strategy into the Energy and Edge Data Center subsidiaries, and expansion of operations and receipt of revenues across all operating segments. We believe our current capital and revenues are sufficient to fund such expansion and our operations over the next twelve months, although we are dependent on timely payments from our customers for projects and work in process. However, we expect such timely payments to continue. Material cash requirements will be satisfied within the normal course of business including substantial upfront payments from our customers prior to starting projects. The Company may elect to purchase materials and supplies in advance of contract award but where there is a high probability of that award.

Demand for our products and services will be dependent on, among other things, market acceptance of our products and services, the technology market in general, and general economic conditions, which are cyclical in nature. Because a major portion of our activities is the receipt of revenues from the sales of our products and services, our business operations may continue to be challenged by our competitors and prolonged recession periods.

Liquidity

Under Accounting Codification ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) ("ASC 205-40"), the Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required by ASC 205-40, this evaluation shall initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued. Management has assessed the Company's ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with the requirement of ASC 205-40.

As reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the Company had a net loss of $6,637,948 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. During the same period, cash used in operating activities was $11,031,943. The working capital surplus and accumulated deficit as of September 30, 2025, were $27,574,533 and $81,005,957, respectively.

The Company was successful during 2023 in raising gross proceeds of over $11,500,000 from the sale of Series E and F Convertible Preferred Stock. Additionally, in the first and second quarters of 2024, the Company raised gross proceeds of $2,995,002 from the issuance of a combination of Series D and E Convertible Preferred Stock (See Note 9). The Company successfully raised approximately $3,544,689 in gross proceeds through its At-The-Market (ATM) offering program in 2024 and secured an additional $3,954,940 in gross proceeds during the first two months of 2025. Furthermore, in the second quarter of 2025, the Company raised $1,835,874 in gross proceeds through its ATM offering program, followed by an additional $3,136,533 in July 2025. On July 30, 2025, the Company priced a public offering of its common stock for net proceeds of approximately $37.1 million. The offering closed on August 1, 2025, and was conducted pursuant to the Company's effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 and related prospectus supplements filed with the SEC. On September 2, 2025, the Underwriter exercised the Over-Allotment Option in full to purchase 838,851 shares of Common Stock, generating additional net proceeds of approximately $4.7 million. The Over-Allotment Option closed on September 2, 2025. The capital raised is expected to bolster the Company's balance sheet and position it to pursue strategic initiatives related to Duos Edge AI, from a stronger financial foundation. In the long run, the continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon the ability of the Company to continue executing its business plan, generate enough revenue, and attain consistently profitable operations. We have analyzed our cash flow under "stress test" conditions and have determined that we have sufficient liquid assets on hand or available via the capital markets to maintain operations for at least twelve months from the issuance date of this report.

In addition, management has taken and continues to take actions including, but not limited to, elimination of certain costs that do not contribute to short term revenue, and re-aligning both management and staffing with a focus on improving certain skill sets necessary to build growth and profitability and focusing product strategy on opportunities that are likely to bear results in the relatively short term. The Company believes that, with the combination of its current capital and commercial sales success, it will have sufficient working capital to meet its obligations over the following twelve months. In the last twelve months the Company has seen growth in its contracted backlog as well as significant, positive signs from new commercial projects that indicate improvements in future revenues.

Management believes that, at this time, the conditions in our traditional market space with ongoing contract delays, the consequent need to procure certain materials in advance of a binding contract and the additional time needed to execute on new contracts previously reported could put a strain on our cash reserves. However, given the Company's current capital, the anticipated steady cash flow from the AMA and the ability to raise capital via the public markets indicate there is no substantial doubt for the Company to continue as a going concern for a period of twelve months. We expect to continue executing the plan to grow our business and achieve profitability as previously discussed. The Company may selectively look at opportunities for fundraising in the future including potential debt offerings to support asset acquisitions. Management has extensively evaluated our requirements for the next twelve months and has determined that the Company currently has sufficient cash and access to capital to operate for at least that period.

While no assurance can be provided, management believes that these actions provide the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern and to grow its business and achieve profitability with access to additional capital funding. Ultimately the continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon the ability of the Company to continue executing the plan described above which was put in place in late 2024 and will continue in 2025 and beyond. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Company has taken the decision to included some non-GAAP Financial Measures in its reporting beginning with this report. The discussion and analysis includes both financial measures in accordance with Generally, Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP, as well as selective non-GAAP financial measures such as Earnings Before Interest, Taxes and Depreciation/Amortization ("EBITDA" and "Adjusted EBITDA"). Generally, a non-GAAP measure is a numerical measure of a company's performance, financial position or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally included or excluded in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed as supplemental to and should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss), operating income (loss), and cash flow from operating activities, liquidity or any other financial measures. They may not be indicative of the historical operating results of Adjusted Gross Income ("AGI") nor are they intended to be predictive of potential future results. Investors should not consider non-GAAP financial measures in isolation or as substitutes for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Our management uses and relies on EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin, which are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe that management, analysts and shareholders benefit from referring to the following non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate and assess our core operating results from period-to-period after removing the impact of items that affect comparability. Our management recognizes that non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations because of the excluded items described below. We have included a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We believe that providing the non-GAAP financial measures, together with reconciliation to GAAP, helps investors make comparisons between the Company and other companies. In making any comparisons to other companies, investors need to be aware that companies use different non-GAAP measures to evaluate their financial performance. Investors should pay close attention to the specific definition being used and to the reconciliation between such measure and the corresponding GAAP measure provided by each company under applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA excluding: stock-based compensation. The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and of net loss margin to Adjusted EBITDA Margin.

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2025				2024				2025				2024
Net Loss		$	(1,040,254	)		$	(1,401,663	)		$	(6,637,948	)		$	(7,358,143	)
Interest Expense, net			29,334				116,396				439,260				117,991
Depreciation & Amortization			532,641				694,852				1,962,342				1,472,965
Taxes			-				-				-				-
EBITDA			(478,278	)			(590,415	)			(4,236,345	)			(5,767,187	)
Stock-Based Compensation			969,376				39,710				3,103,309				281,405
Adjusted EBITDA		$	491,098			$	(550,705	)		$	(1,133,036	)		$	(5,485,782	)
Net loss margin			-15	%			-43	%			-38	%			-126	%
Adjusted EBITDA margin			7	%			-17	%			-6	%			-94	%

Critical Accounting Estimates

Revenue Recognition

The Company follows Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), that affects the timing of when certain types of revenues will be recognized. The basic principles in ASC 606 include the following: a contract with a customer creates distinct contract assets and performance obligations, satisfaction of a performance obligation creates revenue, and a performance obligation is satisfied upon transfer of control to a good or service to a customer.

Revenue is recognized by evaluating our revenue contracts with customers based on the five-step model under ASC 606:

	1.	Identify the contract with the customer;
	2.	Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
	3.	Determine the transaction price;
	4.	Allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and
	5.	Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

The Company generates revenue from five sources:

1. Technology Systems

2. AI Technologies

3. Technical Support including related party revenues from the AMA which began in January 2025

4. Consulting Services including related party revenues from the AMA which began in January 2025

5. Hosting

Equity Method Investments

If an investment qualifies for the equity method of accounting, the Company's investment is recorded initially at cost and subsequently adjusted for equity in net income (loss) and cash contributions and distributions. The net income or loss of an unconsolidated equity method investment is allocated to its investors in accordance with the provisions of the operating agreement of the entity. The allocation provisions in these agreements may differ from the ownership interest held by each investor. Differences, if any, between the carrying amount of our investment in the respective equity method investee and the Company's share of the underlying equity of such equity method investee are amortized over the respective lives of the underlying assets as applicable. These items are reported as a single line item in the consolidated statements of operations as income or loss from investments in unconsolidated equity method investees. Investments are reviewed for changes in circumstance or the occurrence of events that suggest an other-than-temporary event where our investment may not be recoverable.

On December 31, 2024, the Company entered into an Asset Management Agreement (the "AMA"), with New APR, an entity formed by affiliates of Fortress Investment Group ("FIG"). Under the AMA, Duos Energy manages the deployment and operations of a fleet of mobile gas turbines and balance-of-plant inventory, providing management, sales and operations functions to New APR in connection with the assets. In exchange for services to be performed under the AMA, the Company received an initial cash payment and common units in Sawgrass Parent. While the Company has board representation in Sawgrass Parent, its common units are non-voting and the Company does not control the board of directors of Sawgrass Parent.

Where the Company has an interest in a Variable Interest Entity ("VIE") it will consolidate any VIE in which the Company has a controlling financial interest and is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. A controlling financial interest has both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance; and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. If both of the characteristics are met, the Company is considered to be the primary beneficiary and therefore will consolidate that VIE into the consolidated financial statements.

Investments in partnerships, unincorporated joint ventures and LLCs that maintain specific ownership accounts for each investor are excluded from the scope of ASC 323-10. However, ASC 323-30 provides guidance on applying the criteria for equity method accounting to investments in partnerships, unincorporated joint ventures and LLCs. When an investor in a partnership, unincorporated joint venture or LLC has the ability to exercise significant influence over that investment, it should apply the equity method (ASC 323-10) by analogy (ASC 323-30-25-1).

Sawgrass Parent is deemed to be a VIE and the Company holds a 5% interest in Sawgrass Parent and an interest in the subsidiary New APR through the AMA, both of which are considered variable interests. However, the Company does not represent the primary beneficiary as it does not possess the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Sawgrass Parent. Accordingly, the Company does not consolidate Sawgrass Parent. Due to the Company's interest in Sawgrass Parent, it was determined that the Company has significant influence over Sawgrass Parent. Therefore, the Company accounts for its investment in Sawgrass Parent as an Equity Method Investment.

The Company also concluded that the arrangement with Sawgrass Parent is within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers, and the common units issued to the Company by Sawgrass Parent represented non-cash consideration. The initial carrying value as of December 31, 2024 of $7.2 million was measured equal to the fair value of the common units received for future services to be performed under the AMA. The Company recorded $7.2 million of deferred revenue for services to be performed under the AMA. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company did not recognize any revenue associated with the AMA. The Company initially recorded the equity method investment in Sawgrass Parent of $7.2 million, equal to the fair value of the common units as of December 31, 2024.

Due to the unavailability of Q3-2025 financials from Sawgrass Parent, our equity method investee, the Company has applied a one-quarter lag (in accordance with ASC 323-10-35-6) in reporting and recording the value of its 5% minority investment. The Company records its 5% interest using the Equity Method as we have significant influence. ASC 323-10-35-4 requires an entity to recognize its share of earnings or loss of an equity method investee which adjusts the carrying amount of the investment and is reflected as earnings or loss in income. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Sawgrass APR Holding LLC (the "Agreement"), Net Profit and Net Loss for any Fiscal Year is allocated among the members in such a manner that, as of the end of such fiscal year, the Capital Account Balance of each Member, as increased by the Member's share of "minimum gain" and "partner minimum gain" (as such terms are used in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2), to the extent possible, to be equal to the amount which would have been distributed to such Member pursuant to a Hypothetical Liquidation, as defined in the Agreement, as of the end of the last day of such fiscal year. Under the Hypothetical Liquidation, the assets of Sawgrass Parent are disposed of in a taxable disposition for the book value of such assets and the remaining amounts, after repayment of outstanding obligations are distributed to the members pursuant to the Agreement. Per the Agreement, the Company is entitled to pro-rata distributions only after Preferred Holders have received their Total Contributed Capital and subsequent distributions to Preferred and Incentive Unit Holders have reached the Multiple on Invested Capital (MOIC) Threshold of 1.5 times the initial contributions. Therefore, it is likely that early periods will not generate sufficient earnings to provide the Company with a return in the form of a claim on net assets. Based on the terms of the Agreement our specified allocation of earnings and losses of 5% differs from the allocation of cash from operations and liquidation. Therefore, we will apply the guidance in ASC 970-323-35-17 by analogy, which states, if the specified allocation for earnings differs from the allocation of cash from operations and on liquidation, the investor should not use the specified earnings or loss percentages to determine its share of the investee's earnings. Rather, the investor should analyze the investment agreement to determine how the increase or decrease in the investee's net assets during the reporting period would affect the cash that the investor would receive over the investee's life and on its liquidation.

As per the guidance above, the subsequent recognition of the equity method investment should reflect the Company's claim on net assets, determined by its rights to distributions and residual assets under the Agreement's distribution waterfall. The Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (HLBV) method satisfies this requirement by simulating a hypothetical liquidation at each reporting period, allocating net assets based on the rights and priorities defined in the Agreement. This approach reflects the Company's economic interest in the Sawgrass Parent by estimating the amount it would receive in a liquidation scenario, aligning the recognition of income or loss with the actual distribution provisions under the Agreement. Accordingly, this method appropriately represents the cash distribution under Section 10 and the allocation of profit and loss under Section 9.1 of the Agreement.

At the initial investment date, the Company's hypothetical claim on net assets was zero, and it is expected to remain so, until other investors have received their Total Contributed Capital and the MOIC Threshold has been met. As a result of the MOIC not being met, the Company's share of earnings under the HLBV method is zero during these early periods. Because the Company is not obligated to fund Sawgrass Parent's losses, no losses will be allocated unless the investment becomes impaired, and such losses will not exceed the initial investment of $7.2 million. Similarly, net income will not be allocated until the HLBV calculation results in an allocation that exceeds the Company's carrying value.

Accordingly, the Company will continue to present the equity method investment at its initial fair value unless the HLBV calculation yields a profit or the investment becomes impaired.

Management believes that the use of estimates and assumptions in applying the equity method is reasonable.

The Company assesses its equity method investment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. No impairment losses were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024 or the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Impairment of Intangible Assets

In May 2024, the Company recorded an intangible asset with a fair value of $11,161,428. This asset represents non-monetary consideration received under a 5-year customer contract, in which the Company will provide maintenance services to the customer. The intangible asset represents Digital Image data rights in the form of a license agreement received by the Company from the customer.

The fair value of the asset was determined on the contract inception date based on the standalone selling price of the service and goods to be provided to the customer under the 5-year contract since the Company could not reasonably estimate the fair value of the data rights received. The non-monetary transaction was accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 606-10-32-21 through ASC 606-10-32-24.

On the contract inception date, the Company also recorded an immediate amortization of the intangible asset of $199,008 related to the pre-contract costs incurred relating to a pilot program for this contract and recorded deferred revenue of $11,161,428 as contract liabilities with a current and non-current component, and then immediately recognized $199,008 of this deferred revenue relating to the completed pilot program. The remaining deferred revenue is being recognized over the 5-year term.

In accordance with ASC 350-30-35-1, the amortization for the intangible asset is based on its useful life and the useful life of an intangible asset is the period over which it is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the future cash flows of that entity. Accordingly, amortization of the intangible asset is recognized over the life of the contract of five years.

In accordance with ASC 350-30-35-14, an intangible asset that is subject to amortization shall be reviewed for impairment if the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value.

There is no indication of impairment at September 30, 2025.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company accounts for employee and non-employee stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718-10, "Share-Based Payment," which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including stock options, restricted stock units, and employee stock purchases based on estimated fair values. The stock-based compensation carries a graded vesting feature subject to the condition of time of employment service with awarded stock-based compensation tranches vesting evenly upon the anniversary date of the award.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing formula. In accordance with ASC 718-10-35-8, the Company elected to recognize the fair value of the stock awards using the graded vesting method as time of employment service is the criteria for vesting. The Company's determination of fair value using an option-pricing model is affected by the stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly subjective variables.

For restricted stock awards, fair value is measured at the closing market price of the Company's common stock on the grant date. That value is then recognized over the requisite vesting period.

The Company estimates volatility based upon the historical stock price of the Company and estimates the expected term for stock options using the simplified method for employees and directors and the contractual term for non-employees. The risk-free rate is determined based upon the prevailing rate of United States Treasury securities with similar maturities.