04/01/2025 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 04/01/2025 04:06
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONS AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations and quantitative and qualitative disclosures should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. In addition, please refer to the discussion of our business contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Annual Report. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains a number of forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs, all of which are based on our current expectations and could be affected by certain uncertainties, risks, and other factors described under Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements, Risk Factors, and elsewhere throughout this Annual Report. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements or from our prior results.
OVERVIEW
We are a controlled environment agriculture ("CEA") farming company. We use traditional agricultural growing techniques together with technology to grow fresh, organic food, sustainably and safely while improving traceability. We use the controlled environment of traditional greenhouse structures, such as glass greenhouses, together with hydroponic and vertical greenhouses to sustainably grow organic herbs. In our hydroponic greenhouse, we grow plants without soil. Instead of planting one row of plants in the ground, by using a vertical growing system, we can grow many towers of herbs in the same area by planting up instead of planting across. Growing these products sustainably means that we avoid depleting natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance, such as by renewing, reusing and recycling materials in order to lower the overall one-time use of materials.
Our controlled greenhouse facilities allow us to grow consistent quality herbs year-round, first by eliminating some of the variability of outdoor farming with our CEA techniques, and second by leveraging our proprietary software, GreenThumb. In addition to using hydroponic and vertical greenhouse systems, we use a "closed loop" system in our greenhouses. Generally, in a "closed loop" system, drain water is recollected and reused for irrigation. In our closed loop system, we also cycle water back into the system that has been collected through reverse osmosis. When compared with conventional agriculture, our closed looped systems and hydroponic methods use less land, less energy and less water (than legacy farms), thus conserving some of the planet's limited natural resources. Our advanced systems are also designed to help mitigate contamination from harmful pathogens, including salmonella, e-coli and others.
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We have also developed patented software called GreenThumb that assists in tracking plants through our supply chain. Utilizing our GreenThumb software to track the status of our plants as they grow and move throughout the greenhouse allows us to add a layer of quality control due to the frequent monitoring of the growing process, leading to improved traceability. In this context, traceability means being able to track a plant through all stages of production and distribution. In addition to improving traceability, GreenThumb helps us better manage the day-to-day operations of our business. GreenThumb is a web-based greenhouse management and demand planning system that does the following:
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integrates in real-time with our cloud business software suite for monitoring daily sales data; |
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generates reports by category, product, customer, and farm to allow us to analyze sales, trends, margins and retail shrink (spoiled product); |
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provides dynamic pallet mapping for packout, which enables us to more efficiently ship our products; |
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utilizes a proprietary algorithm that uses year-over-year and trending sales data to develop customer specific and aggregate product specific forecasting for our greenhouses; |
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aggregates all greenhouse activity input to provide real-time inventory and availability reports of all products in our greenhouses; |
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manages our online ordering system with user-controlled product availability based upon greenhouse inventory; |
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provides a route management system for coordinating the logistics of our direct store delivery program; and |
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tracks all production activities at greenhouses, including sowing, spacing, dumping, spraying, picking and packing, using handheld devices. |
We also use our GreenThumb software to help monitor the quality of our products, and we have dedicated quality assurance and quality control personnel that check and monitor our products. We have customer service personnel that answer any questions the consumers of our products may have, and we regularly ask for feedback from our customers on the quality of our products. The combination of the GreenThumb software, quality assurance and control processes (including compliance with food safety standards), and feedback from consumers and purchasers holds us accountable for maintaining the quality of our products.
We focus our efforts on producing our herbs and vegetables in a sustainable manner that will reduce consumption of natural resources, by recycling water in our closed loop system and using LED lights instead of conventional lightbulbs to accelerate crop growth and yield, when necessary. In addition, the inventory management component of GreenThumb allows us to manage inventory levels, order quantities and fill rates while maximizing truck loads. This means that we are better able to control shipping our products in full truck loads and retailer backhaul programs, thus eliminating multiple deliveries and decreasing the excess emission of greenhouse gases that would result from many partially full trucks delivering our products. Together, these elements of our production and distribution process are intended to reduce our carbon footprint, or the total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions, as compared with a legacy farm business.
We believe our focus on our brand "Edible Garden" is a significant differentiator. The brand not only lends itself to our current portfolio of products but allows us to develop other products in the "Consumer Brands" category. Our focus on sustainability, traceability, and social contribution, which we define as an ongoing effort to improve employee relations, working conditions, and local communities, presents our value proposition to our customers and supermarket partners and distributors. We have recently leveraged our brand recognition to offer more consumer products that are in many cases co-manufactured, such as sauces, fermented products and flavor enhancers.
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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Reverse Stock Split
As of March 3, 2025, we effected a 1-for-25 reverse stock split (the "Reverse Stock Split") of our outstanding common stock. The conversion or exercise prices of our issued and outstanding stock options and warrants were adjusted in connection with the reverse stock split. All historical share and per share amounts reflected throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K have been adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split.
Nasdaq Compliance
On October 21, 2024, we received a letter from Listing Qualifications Staff (the "Staff") of Nasdaq indicating that, based on the closing bid price of our common stock for 30 consecutive business days, we no longer meet Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), which requires listed companies to maintain a minimum bid price of at least $1.00 per share, (the "Bid Price Rule"). Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A)(iv), because we effected reverse stock splits in the last two years with a cumulative ratio greater than 250 shares to 1, we were not eligible for any compliance period to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule. On October 28, 2024, we submitted a request for a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the "Panel") to appeal the delisting notice from the Staff. On January 14, 2025, we attended our hearing with Nasdaq February 12, 2025, we received written notification (the "Notice") from Nasdaq that the Panel granted an extension for us to regain compliance with the Bid Price Rule until March 31, 2025, subject to additional conditions outlined in the Notice. The extension by the Panel is contingent on us achieving certain milestones and notifying Nasdaq of such achievement. If the Company is not successful at satisfying these milestones within the prescribed time, the Panel may revoke the extension. There can be no assurance that we will ultimately meet all applicable criteria for continued listing on Nasdaq. The Panel may determine to delist our securities from Nasdaq.
Proposed Transaction with the Narayan Group
On March 4, 2025, we announced that we are continuing our pursuit of acquiring the Narayan Group, a sustainable food producer based in Slovenia with operations in Europe and Asia. In connection with the proposed transaction, on February 12, 2025, we advanced the Narayan Group $190,000 to support its operations and the Narayan Group issued a promissory note in favor of us in the principal amount of $190,000. The promissory note accrues interest at a rate of 6.0% per annum until June 30, 2025, after which interest will accrue at a rate of 10.0% per annum if the parties have not entered into a definitive agreement with respect to the proposed transaction. In that event, the Narayan Group is obligated to pay the outstanding principal and accrued interest in 12 equal monthly installments beginning on July 1, 2025. If the transaction is completed, we would acquire 100% of the share capital of the Narayan Group in exchange for issuing Narayan Group shareholders shares of our common stock.
Equity Distribution Agreement
On January 31, 2025, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the "EDA") with Maxim Group LLC, as sales agent ("Maxim"), pursuant to which the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of common stock through the Agent in an at-the-market offering of up to $2,516,470. To date, the Company has received net proceeds of $1.167 million after deducting the Agent's commission of 3.5% of the gross proceeds and other offering expenses from the sale of shares of common stock under the EDA.
Warrant Inducement Transaction
On December 23, 2024, we entered into an inducement letter agreement (the "Inducement Letter Agreement") with an institutional investor and existing holder (the "Holder") of existing Class B warrants originally issued on September 30, 2024 (the "Existing Warrants") to purchase 333,200 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Inducement Letter Agreement, the Holder agreed to exercise the Existing Warrants for cash at the exercise price of $9.00 per share in consideration for our agreement to issue: (i) new unregistered five-year warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 333,200 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.00 per share (the "New Class A Warrants"), and (ii) new unregistered eighteen-month warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 333,200 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $9.00 per share (the "New Class B Warrants"). The New Class A Warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and have a term of five years from the issuance date, and the New Class B Warrants were immediately exercisable and have a term of eighteen months from the issuance date. On December 23, 2024, we completed the warrant inducement transaction and received net proceeds of approximately $2.8 million.
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Cedar Cash Advance Agreement
On December 4, 2024, we entered into a standard merchant cash advance agreement (the "Cedar III Agreement") with Cedar Advance LLC ("Cedar"), pursuant to which we agreed to sell $2,485,000 of future accounts receivable to Cedar in exchange for a purchase price of $1,750,000, less fees and expenses of $87,500, for net funds provided of $1,662,500. A portion of the net proceeds of the Cedar III Agreement were used to satisfy the remaining future accounts receivable of $523,150 to which Cedar was entitled under the amended and restated standard merchant cash advance agreement with Cedar, dated as of May 3, 2024. Weekly, we are required to pay Cedar 25.0% of all funds collected from customers for the sale of goods and services. Weekly, Cedar is authorized to withdraw $65,395 of funds from our bank account until such time a reconciliation is provided calculating the 25.0% of collections owed to Cedar or until the total balance of $2,485,000 is repaid. The Cedar III Agreement is collateralized by our cash and receivable accounts.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to use judgment in making estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. The following accounting policies are based on, among other things, judgments and assumptions made by management that include inherent risks and uncertainties. Management's estimates are based on historical experience, the relevant information available at the end of each period, and their judgment. Although management believes the judgment applied in preparing estimates is reasonable based on circumstances and information known at the time, actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or market conditions.
The most significant accounting estimates involve a high degree of judgment or complexity. Management believes the estimates and judgments most critical to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements and to the understanding of our reported financial results include allowance for doubtful accounts. The following are the accounting estimates most critical to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company's customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company does not offer returns, discounts, loyalty programs or other sales incentive programs that are material to revenue recognition. Payments from our customers are due upon delivery or within a short period after delivery.
Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Our fixed assets, which are comprised of leasehold improvements, equipment and vehicles, have useful lives of five years. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while minor replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not extend the asset lives, are charged to operations as incurred. Upon sale or disposition, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operations.
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The Company continually monitors events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying balances of its property, equipment and leasehold improvements may not be recoverable in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment." When such events or changes in circumstances are present, the Company assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets will be recovered through undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the total of the future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of those assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the assets.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is determined in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." The Company files a consolidated United States federal income tax return. The Company provides for income taxes based on enacted tax law and statutory tax rates at which items of income and expense are expected to be settled in our income tax return. Certain items of revenue and expense are reported for Federal income tax purposes in different periods than for financial reporting purposes, thereby resulting in deferred income taxes. Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The Company has incurred net operating losses for financial reporting and tax-reporting purposes. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, such net operating losses were offset entirely by a valuation allowance.
The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions based on a benefit recognition model. Provided that the tax position is deemed more likely than not of being sustained, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50.0% likely of being ultimately realized upon settlement. The tax position is derecognized when it is no longer more likely than not of being sustained. The Company classifies income tax related interest and penalties as interest expense and selling, general and administrative expense, respectively, on the consolidated statements of operations.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
COMPARISON OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023
(in thousands) |
Year Ended December 31, 2024 |
Year Ended December 31, 2023 |
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Revenue |
$ | 13,857 | $ | 14,049 | ||||
Cost of goods sold |
11,545 | 13,227 | ||||||
Gross Profit |
2,312 | 822 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
11,587 | 10,009 | ||||||
Impairment loss |
- | 686 | ||||||
Loss from operations |
(9,275 | ) | (9,873 | ) | ||||
Other income / (expense) |
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Interest expense, net |
(1,219 | ) | (390 | ) | ||||
Gain / (Loss) from extinguishment of debt |
(562 | ) | 70 | |||||
Other income / (loss) |
5 | 5 | ||||||
Total other income (expense) |
(1,776 | ) | (315 | ) | ||||
NET LOSS |
$ | (11,051 | ) | $ | (10,188 | ) |
Revenue
Revenue was $13.86 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of $192 thousand, or 1.4%, compared with $14.05 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributed to our strategic shift away from our lettuce and floral product lines. Combined, the exit from these categories drove a $1.65 million decrease in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, our vitamin business experienced a decrease of $0.28 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. This decrease was offset by growth in our core herb business of $1.75 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold decreased $1.68 million, or 12.7% to $11.55 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $13.23 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to the reduction of our reliance on third-party growers by bringing our Edible Garden Heartland facility fully online to produce our herb product portfolio along with our shift away from low margin floral and lettuce products. These strategic decisions drove a decrease of $4.1 million offset by an increase of $2.4 million in costs related to the integration of these activities into our owned facilities.
Gross profit
Gross profit increased by $1.49 million, or 181.3%, to $2.31 million, or 16.7% of sales, for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $822 thousand, or 5.9% of sales, for the year ended December 31, 2023. The improvement in margins was primarily attributed to our strategic decisions in 2024, detailed above in Cost of goods sold.
Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses increased by $1.58 million, or 15.8%, to $11.59 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with $10.01 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was driven by higher legal, audit and accounting fees of $0.9 million related to our capital market activities and $0.7 million of severance related to the departure of our Chief Financial Officer in 2024.
Impairment Loss
During the year ended December 31, 2023, management completed an impairment analysis and recorded an impairment loss of $686 thousand for certain fixed assets acquired from our predecessor company, Edible Garden Corp. This loss reflects the difference between the previous book value of the assets and the estimated salvage value. No impairment of fixed assets was identified during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Loss from operations
Higher gross profit, partially offset by higher SG&A costs, resulted in a $598 thousand decrease in loss from operations to $9.28 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 as compared to the $9.87 million loss from operations recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Interest expense
Interest expense was $1.22 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $390 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in interest expense was due to our entering into and refinancing of the standard merchant cash advance agreements with Cedar (the "Cedar Agreements"). We incurred approximately $1.02 million in interest expense under the Cedar Agreements during 2024, compared to $390 thousand of interest expense paid to our lenders in 2023. See Note 7 to our financial statements.
Loss from extinguishment of debt
During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a loss from extinguishment of debt of $562 thousand from modifications to our agreements with Cedar. See Note 7 to our financial statements. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a gain from the extinguishment of debt of $70 thousand by prepaying a promissory note owed to Sament Capital Investments. See Note 7 to our financial statements for additional details.
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Net loss
Net loss was $11.05 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with a net loss of $10.19 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The reasons for the increase in net loss are explained above.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Going Concern Considerations
We have incurred significant losses since our inception. We have experienced net losses of approximately $11.05 million during the year ended December 31, 2024 and $10.19 million during the year ended December 31, 2023. We expect our capital and operational expenses to remain at historical levels as a percent of revenue in the future due to expected sales and marketing expenses, operational costs, packhouse construction costs, costs to continue our growth strategy, and general and administrative costs. Therefore, we believe our operating losses will continue through the near term.
The risks and uncertainties surrounding our ability to continue our business with limited capital resources raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern for twelve months from the issuance of these financial statements. To date, we have financed our operations with the proceeds from debt financings, public and private securities offerings, and operations, among other sources. If we are unable to raise additional capital, we believe that the existing cash will fund operations into the third quarter of 2025 and will not be sufficient to fund our operations through the next twelve months beyond the date of the issuance of our consolidated financial statements. Our operations have consumed substantial amounts of cash since inception. The net cash used in operating activities was $8.52 million and $8.53 million during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our financial statements have been prepared on a "going concern" basis, which implies we may not continue to meet our obligations and continue our operations for the next twelve months. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result if we are unable to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, holders of our securities might lose their entire investment. These factors, among others, may make it difficult to raise any additional capital and may cause us to be unable to continue to operate our business.
There is no assurance that we will ever be profitable or that debt or equity financing will be available to us in the amounts, on terms, and at times deemed acceptable to us, if at all. The issuance of additional equity or equity-linked securities by us would result in significant dilution in the equity interests of our current stockholders. Obtaining commercial loans, assuming those loans would be available, would increase our liabilities and future cash commitments and may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions such as incurring additional debt, expending capital, or declaring dividends, or which impose financial covenants on us that limit our ability to achieve our business objectives. If we are unable to obtain financing in the amounts and on terms deemed acceptable to us, we may be unable to continue our business as planned and as a result may be required to scale back or cease operations, which could cause our stockholders to lose some or all of their investment in us. The financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result should we be unable to continue as a going concern.
Liquidity
The Company's primary liquidity requirements are for working capital, continued investments in capital expenditures, and other strategic investments. Although income taxes are not currently a significant use of funds, after the benefits of our net operating loss carryforwards are fully recognized, they could become a material use of funds, depending on our future profitability and future tax rates. The Company's liquidity needs have been met primarily through public equity offerings, term loan borrowings, convertible notes, and related party loans.
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As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $3.5 million and $510 thousand in cash and cash equivalents available, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we used $8.5 million of cash for operating activities. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had working capital of $1.17 million and a working capital deficit of $257 thousand, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $2.56 and $4.45 million of total gross debt outstanding, respectively. To meet our cash needs, we are implementing cost savings strategies and in January 2025, we entered into the EDA with the Agent to sell shares of our common stock in an at-the-market offering for an aggregate offering price of up to $2.516 million. In addition, in March, May and December 2024, we entered into and refinanced the Cedar Agreements and received $4.4 million in cash proceeds by selling $6.46 million of trade receivables to Cedar. See Note 7 to our financial statements for additional details.
We may not be able to access the capital markets in the future on commercially acceptable terms or at all. Our ability to fund future operating expenses and capital expenditures and our ability to meet future debt service obligations or refinance our indebtedness will depend on our future operating performance, which will be affected by general economic, financial and other factors beyond our control, including those described under "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Capital Resources
On December 23, 2024, we entered into the Inducement Letter Agreement with the Holder of the Existing Warrants to purchase 333,200 shares of our common stock for total proceeds of $2.999 million. Maxim received an aggregate cash fee equal to 7.0% of the $2.999 million in total proceeds received from the exercise of the Existing Warrants exercised in connection with the Inducement Letter Agreement. See Note 8 to our financial statements for additional details.
On March 14, 2024, we entered into a standard merchant cash advance agreement with Cedar, pursuant to which we agreed to sell $1,491,000 of trade receivables to Cedar in exchange for $1,000,000 of cash proceeds, after deducting $50,000 for underwriting fees and other transaction expenses. On May 7, 2024, we entered into an amended and restated standard merchant cash advance agreement with Cedar (the "Cedar II Agreement"), pursuant to which we sold Cedar an additional $994,000 of our future accounts receivable for a purchase price of $700,000, less aggregate fees and expenses of $87,500, for additional net funds provided of $544,250, bringing the total financing with Cedar to $2,485,000 in accounts receivable sold for $1,544,250 of net funds provided. On December 4, 2024, we entered into the Cedar III Agreement with Cedar, pursuant to which we sold to Cedar $2.485 million of our future accounts receivable for a purchase price of $1.75 million, less fees and expenses of $87,500, for total net funds provided of $1.663 million. A portion of the net proceeds of the Cedar III Agreement were used to satisfy the remaining future accounts receivable $523 thousand to which Cedar was entitled under the Cedar II Agreement. See Note 7 to our financial statements for additional details.
On September 30, 2024, we closed a best-efforts public offering (the "September Offering"). Gross proceeds from the September Offering, before deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses, were approximately $5.6 million. See Note 8 to our financial statements for additional details.
On May 23, 2024, we completed a best-efforts public offering (the "May Offering"). Gross proceeds from the May Offering, before deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses, were approximately $6 million. See Note 8 to our financial statements for additional details.
On February 6, 2024, we entered into an equity distribution agreement with Maxim, pursuant to which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of common stock through Maxim in an at-the-market offering for an aggregate offering price of up to $1,146,893. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold 7,269 shares of common stock for total gross proceeds of $1,146,890 and paid commissions to the Agent of $40,141.
From time to time, the Company enters into loans to purchase vehicles that are secured by the vehicle purchased. Some of these loans are also personally guaranteed by our Company's chief executive officer. These loans accrue interest at annual rates ranging from 7.64% to 18.66% and mature on various dates through February 2028.
For more information on our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, see Note 7 to our financial statements.
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Cash Flows
Operating activities
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash used for operating activities was $8.5 million and $8.53 million, respectively. Cash used for operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2024 increased $965 thousand, primarily due to a $0.86 million increase in our net loss, offset by a $268 thousand cash impact for changes in our operating assets and liabilities.
Investing activities
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash used in investing activities was $303 thousand and $1.022 million, respectively. The decrease in cash used for investing activities was driven by lower spending for fixed assets and leasehold improvements.
Financing activities
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash provided by financing activities was $11.84 million and $9.95 million, respectively. The increase of $2.87 million in cash provided by financing activities was primarily driven by an increase of $3.98 million of proceeds from the issuance of debt and an increase of $3.84 million in cash received for warrant exercises. These increases were offset by an increase of $4.49 million in payments of debt principal and debt issuance costs and a $452 thousand decrease in cash received from the sale of common stock, net of fees and commissions paid.