Annual Report for Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 2025 (Form 10-K)

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and elsewhere in this Form 10-K are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The factors listed in Item 1A. "Risk Factors," as well as any cautionary language in this Form 10-K, provide examples of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected. Except as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events after the date of this report.

Overview

On August 15, 2025, ReShape Lifesciences Inc. (now known as Vyome Holdings, Inc.) (the "Company") completed the merger pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 8, 2024, as amended (the "Merger Agreement"), by and among the Company, Raider Lifesciences Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Merger Sub"), and Vyome Therapeutics, Inc. ("Vyome"). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Vyome, with Vyome surviving the merger as a subsidiary of the Company (the "Merger"). As a result of the Merger, the Company was renamed "Vyome Holdings, Inc." and Vyome continued under its name as Vyome Therapeutics, Inc., in each case effective before the open of trading on August 15, 2025.

The Company is a Cambridge, MA/Princeton, NJ/New Delhi, India-based clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company working to treat immune-inflammatory and rare diseases of unmet need with next-generation therapeutic solutions, with a business advantage of the US-India innovation corridor. The lead program, VT-1953, is a topical gel that is being developed to treat signs and symptoms of malignant fungating wounds, potentially an orphan drug designation program. The Company is planning to have discussions with the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) on a pivotal trial study design in the second quarter of 2026. The Company also has a Pre-Investigational New Drug application stage ophthalmic drops program, potentially an orphan drug program, VT-1908, a repurposed immune modulator to treat steroid-sparing anterior uveitis. Another late clinical-stage program, VB1953, for moderate to severe acne, has completed its Phase II clinical trial, and this program is Phase 3-ready.

The Company may experience delays in the conduct of clinical trials of its candidates. Clinical trials can be delayed for a variety of reasons, including delays in obtaining regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial, in securing clinical trial agreements with prospective sites with acceptable terms, in obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct a clinical trial at a prospective site, in recruiting patients to participate in a clinical trial or in obtaining sufficient supplies of clinical trial materials. Any delays in completing the Company's clinical trials will increase its costs, slow down its product development, timeliness, and approval process, and delay its ability to generate revenue.

The Company also has commercialized two novel reformulated topical anti-fungal products based on the technology platform of Molecular Replacement Therapeutics ("MRT") in India - a dandruff lotion and shampoo. The Company has entered into a licensing and marketing agreement with Sun Pharma Laboratories Limited ("Sun Pharma") to sell such topical anti-fungal products in India. The Company used third-party entities to manufacture the products. During 2023, the Company amended its arrangement with Sun Pharma such that the Company will no longer be responsible for purchasing and selling inventory of the products, but instead will receive a net service fee payment for sales of such products made by Sun Pharma. One of the agreements for the supply of dandruff products to Sun Pharma was terminated in December 2024. The Company has also entered into an agreement with Sun Pharma for the development and licensing of MRT technology-based Luliconazole topical cream for skin fungal diseases for the Indian market.

The Company operates in two segments, biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. Our biotechnology segment comprises our operations around our VT-1953, VT-1908, and VB-1953 programs that are in development, and our pharmaceutical segment comprises our antifungal products.

Since inception, our operations have focused on organizing and staffing our biotechnology segment, business planning, raising capital, acquiring and developing our technology, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, identifying potential product candidates, undertaking preclinical and clinical studies and manufacturing. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales from the biotechnology segment. Our pharmaceutical segment represents the operations of a legacy business, and various licensing agreements with Sun Pharma.

Recent Developments

Closing of the Merger

On August 15, 2025, the Company completed the merger pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of July 8, 2024, as amended (the "Merger Agreement"), by and among the Company, Raider Lifesciences Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company ("Merger Sub"), and Vyome Therapeutics, Inc. ("Vyome"). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Vyome, with Vyome surviving the merger as a subsidiary of the Company (the "Merger"). As a result of the Merger, the Company was renamed "Vyome Holdings, Inc." and Vyome continued under its name as Vyome Therapeutics, Inc., in each case effective before the open of trading on August 15, 2025.

At the effective time of the Merger (the "Effective Time"), each share of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Vyome, and each share of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Vyome issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than the shares that were owned by the Company, Vyome, or Merger Sub and shares that will be subject to put-call option agreements with certain stockholders of Vyome and Vyome's subsidiary Vyome Therapeutics Limited ("Vyome Limited") who are located in India) were converted into the right to receive a number of fully-paid and non-assessable shares of common stock of the Company, $0.001 par value per share according to a predetermined ratio; provided that the shares to be received by certain stockholders of Vyome and Vyome Limited located in India shall be subject to the put-call option agreements with the Company which entitles such holders to receive shares of Common Stock of the Company upon certain occurrences. In addition, each outstanding warrant, stock option, restricted stock award, stock grant or other equity award to purchase capital stock of Vyome were converted into right, warrants or equity awards to purchase a number of the Company's shares of common stock equal to the number of shares of Vyome common stock issuable upon exercise of such Vyome right, warrant or equity award multiplied by the predetermined ratio, with an exercise price, in the case of warrants and stock options, equal to the exercise price of such Vyome warrant or option divided by the predetermined ratio.

Immediately prior to the consummation of the Merger, the Company filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Designation to Series C Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series C Amendment").

The issuance of Common Stock in connection with the Merger was registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to the Company's registration statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-282459) filed with the SEC on October 1, 2024, as amended on December 6, 2024, January 15, 2025, April 29, 2025, May 9, 2025 and May 14, 2025 and declared effective on May 14, 2025.

As set forth in the Merger Agreement, it was a condition to the closing of the Merger that The Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq") approve the initial listing application of the combined company so that the listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market will continue after the Merger. Nasdaq approved the initial listing application on August 6, 2025.

Changes in Officers and Directors

On August 13, 2025, in connection with the consummation of the Merger and, as required pursuant to, the Merger Agreement, Paul Hickey, Dan W. Gladney, Arda M. Minocherhomjee and Lori C. McDougal and Gary D. Blackford resigned from and ceased serving on the Board and any and all committees thereof, which resignations were effective upon the consummation of the Merger. In addition, effective upon the consummation of the Merger, Paul Hickey resigned as the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Tom Stankovich resigned as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

In connection with the consummation of the Merger and pursuant to the Merger Agreement, on August 15, 2025, the Board elected and designated Krishna Gupta, Stash Pomichter, Shiladitya Sengupta, Venkateswarlu Nelabhotla, John Tincoff and Mohanjit Jolly (collectively, the "New Directors"), to serve on the Board effective immediately after the consummation of the Merger. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and as previously disclosed, Krishna Gupta has been serving as the Board's Chairperson of the Company effective as of the consummation of the Merger.

Also on August 15, 2025, in connection with the consummation of the Merger, Venkateswarlu Nelabhotla was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Robert Dickey was appointed as Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

The Company entered into an agreement with Foresite Advisors, LLC, (the "CFO Agreement") governing the terms of Mr. Dickey's employment with the Company as its Interim Full-time Chief Financial Officer. The CFO Agreement provides for a one-year term, which may be extended by mutual written consent. The CFO Agreement may be terminated by either party with Cause, as defined in the agreement, upon 15 days' notice or without cause, upon 30 days prior written notice to the other party. The CFO Agreement provides for compensation of $15,000 per calendar month.

Closing of the Reshape Asset Sale

The Company completed the transactions contemplated under the Asset Purchase Agreement dated July 8, 2025, which was amended on April 25, 2025 (the "Asset Purchase Agreement"), with Ninjour Health International Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of the United Kingdom, which is an affiliate of Biorad Medisys Pvt. Ltd. (together, "Biorad"). Pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement, the Company sold its assets (excluding cash) to Biorad, and Biorad assumed substantially all of the Company's liabilities, for an agreed upon purchase price of $2.25 million in cash, subject to adjustment based on the Company's actual accounts receivable and accounts payable at the closing, compared to such amounts as of March 31, 2024.

Private Placement

Immediately after the Effective Time, the Company closed on the sale of an aggregate of 520,514 shares of the Company's Common Stock (the "Offered Shares") at a price of $11.02 per share pursuant to those certain subscription agreements entered into among, the Company, Vyome and the investors signatory thereto. Vyome, through its subsidiary Vyome Limited, also closed on the sale of 999 shares of Vyome Limited at a price per share of $937.14 which shares are subject to a put call option agreement with the Company. The shares were registered for resale in a Registration Statement on Form S-3, which was declared effective by the SEC on November 16, 2025.

Reverse Stock Split

On August 15, 2025, the Company effected a 1-for-4 reverse stock split of its Common Stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). On July 24, 2025, the stockholders of the Company approved the proposal to authorize the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board"), in its discretion, to amend the Company's Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to effect a reverse stock split of the Company's Common Stock, at a ratio in the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-5, such ratio to be determined by the Board and included in a public announcement. The Board subsequently approved the Reverse Stock Split at a ratio of 1-for-4 and on August 15, 2025 the Company filed a Certificate of Eighth Amendment (the "Certificate of Eighth Amendment") with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to amend the Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and effected the Reverse Stock Split on August 15, 2025.

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, each four shares of Common Stock issued or outstanding or held by the Company as treasury stock were automatically reclassified into one new share of Common Stock without any action on the part of the holders. Any fractional shares of Common Stock resulting from the Reverse Stock Split were rounded up to the nearest whole share and no stockholders received cash in lieu of fractional shares.

The Reverse Stock Split was primarily intended to bring the Company into compliance with the minimum bid price requirements for maintaining its listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market in connection with the Merger. Trading of the Company's Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market continued on a split-adjusted basis when the markets opened on August 15, 2025, under the name Vyome Holdings, Inc. and trading symbol "HIND."

Amendments to Articles of Incorporation

On August 15, 2025, the Company filed (a) the Certificate of Eighth Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect the Reverse Stock Split after the close of trading on August 14, 2025, (b) Series C Amendment, and (c) a Certificate of Ninth Amendment (the "Certificate of Ninth Amendment") with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to amend the Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to change its corporate name to Vyome Holdings, Inc.

Change of Auditor

As reported in the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by the Company on August 19, 2025, on August 18, 2025, Haskell & White LLP, was dismissed as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company. Effective as of August 18, 2025 Kreit & Chiu CPA LLP was appointed to serve as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The decision to change auditors was approved and recommended by the Company's Audit Committee and approved by its Board of Directors.

ATM Offering

On August 20, 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 1 (the "Amendment") to that certain Equity Distribution Agreement dated May 30, 2025 with Maxim Group LLC to act as the Company's exclusive sales agent with respect to the issuance and sale of up to $12,000,000 of the Company's shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, from time to time, in an at-the-market public offering (the "Offering"). The Amendment increased the amount that may be offered and sold in the Offering from $3,420,926 to $12,000,000.

Notes Purchase and Exchange Agreement with LICH and Remus

On December 17, 2025, the Company entered into a binding letter of intent (the "LOI") among, the Company, LiveChain, Inc. ("LICH") and Remus Capital Series B II, L.P. ("Remus") regarding a proposed transaction pursuant to which LICH, an indirect subsidiary of the Company, agreed to execute definitive agreements to acquire a senior secured convertible note (the "Note") issued by Sociometric Solutions, Inc., d/b/a Humanyze ("Humanyze") and held by Remus in exchange for the issuance to Remus of shares of common stock of LICH.

As of February 20, 2026, pursuant to the terms of the LOI, the Company entered into a Notes Purchase and Exchange Agreement (the "Agreement") by and among LICH, LICH AI Inc. (the "Buyer"), a subsidiary of LICH, and Remus to effectuate the transactions contemplated by the LOI. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Buyer will acquire senior secured convertible notes in the aggregate principal amount of $5,765,000 (the "Notes") issued by Humanyze and held by Remus. As consideration, LICH will issue to Remus 211,200,844 shares of its common stock, representing 25% of the fully diluted common stock of LICH immediately prior to Closing (as defined in the Agreement). The parties further agreed that immediately following the Closing, all or substantially all of the assets and operations of Humanyze shall be transferred to the Buyer, in full satisfaction of the amounts due and payable to the Buyer under the Notes.

The Agreement provides for the reservation for issuance of up to an additional 84,480,338 shares of LICH's common stock, representing 10% of the fully diluted common stock of LICH immediately prior to Closing, to key and future employees of LICH (the "Compensatory Shares"). LICH agreed to certain future issuances to Remus, upon issuance of shares by LICH as compensation in consideration of services provided to LICH which obligation to Remus shall terminate upon the earlier of (i) the second anniversary of the Closing; and (ii) the issuance of the Compensatory Shares.

Following the Closing, Remus agreed to ensure that Humanyze remains active and in good standing for purposes of servicing select existing debts, liabilities, and other obligations. In addition, the LICH board of directors and its CEO will use commercially reasonable efforts to raise capital as needed for LICH and/or the Buyer.

The Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by the parties and customary conditions to closing and obligations of the parties and indemnification provisions. In addition, the Agreement provides for certain termination provisions, including the right of either LICH or Remus to terminate the Agreement in the event that the closing of the transactions contemplated thereby shall not have occurred on or before a certain date (the "Outside Date"). On February 25, 2026, the parties amended the Agreement to update the Outside Date to March 8, 2026.

Components of Results of Operations

Although we operate in two segments, all of our revenue relates to the pharmaceutical segment, and substantially all of our costs relate to the biotechnology segment. See the "Segments" footnote in our Financial Statements.

Revenue

We recorded sales of pharmaceutical products until October 2023. During 2023, the Company amended its arrangement with Sun Pharma such that the Company will no longer be responsible for purchasing and selling inventory of the dandruff lotion and shampoo, but instead will receive a net service fee payment for sales of such products made by Sun Pharma. This arrangement was terminated in December 2024. We have a development and licensing agreement for MRT technology-based Luliconazole topical cream product for skin fungal diseases, from where we get revenues from milestone payments, royalties and the sale of a proprietary ingredient. These payments are recorded as service fee revenue in the period earned. We have occasionally received payments for milestones specified under the license of our products to Sun Pharma, but do not expect to receive any significant further milestone payments. We expect to continue to receive a minor amount of royalties under such licenses. Such revenues are part of our pharmaceutical segment.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of (i) research and development expenses, (ii) cost of goods sold, and (iii) general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for our research and development activities, including our product candidate discovery efforts and preclinical and clinical studies under our research programs, which include:

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employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation expense for our research and development personnel;

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costs of funding research performed by third parties that conduct research and development and preclinical and clinical activities on our behalf;

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costs of manufacturing drug product and drug supply related to our current or future product candidates;

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costs of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates;

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consulting and professional fees related to research and development activities, including equity- based compensation to non-employees;

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costs of maintaining our laboratory, including purchasing laboratory supplies and non-capital equipment used in our preclinical studies;

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costs related to compliance with clinical regulatory requirements; and

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facility costs and other allocated expenses, which include expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, insurance, depreciation and other supplies.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs for certain activities are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as information provided to us by our vendors and analyzing the progress of our preclinical and clinical studies or other services performed.

The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. We cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing, and estimated costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete development of our current or future product candidates. We are also unable to predict when, if ever, material net cash inflows will commence from the sale of our product candidates, if they are approved. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing product candidates, including the uncertainty of:

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the scope, rate of progress, and expenses of our ongoing research activities as well as any preclinical studies and clinical trials and other research and development activities;

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establishing an appropriate safety profile;

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successful enrollment in and completion of clinical trials;

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whether our product candidates show safety and efficacy in our clinical trials;

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receipt of marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;

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establishing commercial manufacturing capabilities or making arrangements with third-party manufacturers;

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obtaining and maintaining patent and trade secret protection and regulatory exclusivity for our product candidates;

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commercializing product candidates, if and when approved, whether alone or in collaboration with others; and

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continued acceptable safety profile of the products following any regulatory approval.

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of our current and future product candidates would significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of those product candidates.

Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. We expect research and development costs to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we commence clinical trials and continue the development of our current and future product candidates. However, we do not believe that it is possible, at this time, to accurately project expenses through commercialization. There are numerous factors associated with the successful commercialization of any of our product candidates, including future trial design and various regulatory requirements, many of which cannot be determined with accuracy at this time based on our stage of development. Additionally, future commercial and regulatory factors beyond our control will impact our clinical development programs and plans.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold represents the costs to obtain products from the third-party manufacturer of our pharmaceutical products and proprietary ingredients sold to Sun Pharma.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include salaries and other compensation-related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel in executive, finance and accounting, business development, operations and administrative roles. Other significant costs include insurance costs, professional fees, travel costs, facility and office-related costs, not included in research and development expenses.

We anticipate that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as our business expands to support expected growth in research and development activities, including our future clinical programs. These increases will likely include increased costs related to the hiring of additional personnel and fees to outside service providers, among other expenses. In addition, if we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates and do not enter into a third-party commercialization collaboration, we expect to incur significant expenses related to building a sales and marketing team to support product sales, marketing and distribution activities.

We also anticipate increased expenses associated with being a public company including costs for audit, legal, regulatory and tax-related services related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC, and listing standards applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange, director and officer insurance premiums, and investor relations costs.

Transactional fees

Fees paid to consultants and advisors in connection with the Merger, including the fair value of shares issued to such advisors are segregated as transactional fees.

Interest Expense

Interest expense results from the stated interest rates under our convertible notes. Borrowings under the notes carried an 8% coupon interest rate. All of the notes were converted into equity instruments in connection with the Merger.

Fair value adjustment

We record our convertible notes at fair value. Changes in the fair value of the convertible notes are recognized as a component of other income. All of the notes were converted into equity instruments in connection with the Merger.

Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented:

For the year ended December 31,

		For the year ended December 31,
		2025				2024				Change
Revenue		$	319,714			$	256,944			$	62,770
Cost of goods sold			(100,943	)			(61,974	)			(38,969	)
Gross profit			218,771				194,970				23,801
Operating expenses:											-
Research and development			588,258				285,391				302,867
Depreciation and amortization			11,985				17,347				(5,362	)
General and administrative			2,365,565				898,572				1,466,993
Transactional fees			7,705,533				-				7,705,533
Total operating expenses			10,671,341				1,201,310				9,470,031
Loss from operations			(10,452,570	)			(1,006,340	)			(9,446,230	)
Other income (expense):
Fair value adjustment			30,511				(238,931	)			269,442
Other, net			90,987				3,814				87,173
Interest expense			(146,641	)			(206,004	)			59,363
Net loss		$	(10,477,713	)		$	(1,447,461	)		$	(9,030,252	)

Revenues

The Company derives revenues from the sale of products, including royalties related to sales of such products, and from the license of our technology. Substantially all revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were derived from one customer, Sun Pharma, based in India. During 2023, the Company amended its arrangement with Sun Pharma such that the Company will no longer be responsible for purchasing and selling inventory of the dandruff lotion and shampoo, but instead will receive a net service fee payment for sales of such products made by Sun Pharma. This arrangement was terminated in December 2024. We have a development and licensing agreement for MRT technology-based Luliconazole topical cream product for skin fungal diseases, from which we get revenues from milestone payments, royalties, and the sale of a proprietary ingredient.

Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are summarized as follows:

		2025				2024
Ingredient sales under Luliconazole Agreement		$	-			$	75,147
Service fee for arrangements for sale of dandruff products			116,900				-
Royalty income related to above product sales			28,169				47,402
Licensing and milestone fees - Luliconazole			174,645				134,395
		$	319,714			$	256,944

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $588,258 and $285,391 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in research and development costs was primarily due to resuming of R&D after the closing of the Merger with new funds raised by the Company.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $2,365,565 and $898,572 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase was primarily due to an increase in legal, accounting, auditing, and related professional fees associated with preparing for the Merger, and the stock-based compensation of $577,128 related to stock options in the year ended December 31, 2025.

Interest expense

Interest expense was $146,641 and $206,004 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease was driven by the conversion of the convertible notes and debt in August 2025.

Fair value adjustment

The fair value adjustment related to the fair value of the Company's outstanding convertible notes was favorable/(unfavorable) $30,511 and $(238,931) for the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, reflecting the probability and timing of the Merger completion and resultant valuation considerations. As a result of the conversion of the Convertible Debt in connection with the Merger, there was no further fair value adjustments after August 2025.

Transactional fees

The Company incurred transactional and financial advisory fees costs for the year ended December 31, 2025, consisting of the fair value of shares issued to advisors of approximately $5.9 million and cash of approximately $1.8 million paid to advisors and professionals related to the Merger.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024:

For the year ended December 31,

		For the year ended December 31,
Net cash provided by (used in):		2025				2024				Change
Operating activities		$	(3,748,853	)		$	(614,136	)		$	(3,134,717	)
Investing activities			-				315				(315	)
Financing activities			8,654,976				697,951				7,957,025
Other			(25,694	)			1,127				(26,821	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		$	4,880,429			$	85,257			$	4,795,172

During the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $3,748,853, consisting primarily of net losses of $10,477,713 less the non-cash charge for interest $130,659, fair value adjustment of convertible note debt of $(30,511), and stock compensation expenses of $6,576,822 and increase in prepaid expenses of $434,568, partially offset by an increase in other liabilities of $200,551 and accounts payable and accrued expenses of $171,342. The Company continues to operate under cost-efficient operations for capital efficiency.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $616,436, consisting primarily of net losses of $1,447,461 less the non-cash charge for interest expense of $186,659 and an increase in accrued compensation and post-employment benefits of $197,935, partially offset by the loss on fair value adjustment of convertible debt of $238,931 and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $58,861.

Financing Activities

During 2025 prior to the Merger and during 2024, we have primarily used the proceeds of the sale of our convertible notes and borrowings from Reshape to incrementally develop our biotechnology products and prepare the Company for an offering of its securities and activities related thereto. During 2025 prior to the Merger, cash provided by financing activities was principally from the net proceeds from the sale of common stock under Private Placement offering in the Company, proceeds from promissory notes issued by Reshape of $600,000 and bridge notes of $191,253 in VTI and VTL. We have operated under an austerity program for several years, delaying projects and payments until sufficient funds could be raised. We also settled certain liabilities in 2024 for accrued compensation and a vendor payment by issuing stock or stock options.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, cash provided by financing was $697,951, consisting primarily of approximately $667,010 from the sale of convertible notes and $30,900 of advances from affiliates.

As a result of the Merger, we were able to close on the funding from the Concurrent Financing (approximately $6.6 million) and subsequently from the ATM facility (approximately $1.3 million). The Company had approximately $4,982,000 of cash at December 31, 2025.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. As of December 31, 2025, we had a cash balance of approximately $4,982,000 and have operated under an austerity plan for several years. We expect to continue to incur significant and increasing expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future, as we advance our current and future product candidates through preclinical and clinical development, manufacturing of our drug product and drug supply, regulatory approval for our current and future product candidates, maintenance and expansion of our intellectual property portfolio, hiring of additional research, development and business personnel and operations as a public company. In addition, if we obtain marketing approval for any of our current or future product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution, which costs we may seek to offset through entry into collaboration agreements with third parties.

We will not generate revenue from product sales for our biotechnology segment unless and until we successfully complete clinical development and obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates. In addition, if we obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates and do not enter a third-party commercialization partnership, we expect to incur significant expenses related to developing our commercialization capability to support product sales, marketing, manufacturing, and distribution activities.

As a result, we will need substantial additional funding to support our continuing operations and pursue our growth strategy. Until we can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of public or private equity offerings and debt financings or other sources, such as potential collaboration agreements, strategic alliances, and licensing arrangements. We may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other agreements or arrangements when needed on acceptable terms, or at all.

We believe that our existing cash, together with the proceeds from the private placement offering (Concurrent Financing) and proceeds from our ATM facility to date, will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least 15 months. including the initiation of the pivotal trial of our lead candidate, VT-1953, but will not be sufficient to complete the trial and or work on the other indications or the development of any other product candidate. From January 1, 2026, through March 12, 2026, the Company raised net proceeds of approximately $5,291,868 from the sale of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement with Maxim.

We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we may use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Our failure to raise capital or enter into such agreements as, and when needed, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our future capital requirements will depend on a number of factors, including:

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the costs of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials;

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the costs of manufacturing;

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the scope, progress, results and costs of discovery, preclinical development, laboratory testing, and clinical trials for product candidates we may develop, if any;

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the costs, timing, and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates;

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our ability to establish and maintain collaborations on favorable terms, if at all;

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the achievement of milestones or occurrence of other developments that trigger payments under any license or collaboration agreements we might have at such time;

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the costs and timing of future commercialization activities, including product sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution, for any of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;

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the amount of revenue, if any, received from commercial sales of our product candidates, should any of our product candidates receive marketing approval;

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the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, obtaining, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights, and defending intellectual property-related claims;

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our headcount growth and associated costs as we expand our business operations and research and development activities; and

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the costs of operating as a public company.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenues, we expect to finance our cash needs through equity offerings and debt financings or other sources, such as potential collaboration agreements, strategic alliances, and licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the interests of our stakeholders may be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that could adversely affect the rights of our stockholders. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, or declaring dividends, that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business.

If we raise funds through potential collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates, or to grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

We enter into agreements in the normal course of business for sponsored research, preclinical studies, contract manufacturing, and other services and products for operating purposes, which are generally cancellable upon written notice.

Licenses, employment agreements or other commitments

The Company leases offices and laboratory space in India, which were extended for a one-year period ending December 2026, with an automatic renewal for two years with monthly payments ranging from $2,500 to $2,900 per month. The Company has an intention to renew the leases for the two additional years allowed under the lease agreement. We also have offices in Princeton, NJ, and Cambridge, MA, under short-term rentals.

We may enter into contracts in the normal course of business with clinical research organizations for clinical trials and clinical supply manufacturing and with vendors for pre-clinical research studies, research supplies, and other services and products for operating purposes. These contracts generally provide for termination on notice, and therefore, we believe that our non-cancelable obligations under these agreements will not be material.

We also have employment agreements with certain employees and consulting agreements that require the funding of a specific level of payments if certain events, such as a change in control, termination without cause, or retirement, occur. We also have an agreement on Resignation and Separation Letter dated January 11, 2021, Craig Tooman, a past employee, to pay a certain amount on change of control.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

The following summarizes the most significant estimates impacting the financial statements. Refer to Note 2 for further information.

Convertible Promissory Notes

The Company evaluates its convertible instruments to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivative financial instruments to be separately accounted for in accordance with Topic 815 "Derivatives and Hedging" ("ASC 815") of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC"). The accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments requires that the Company record any bifurcated embedded features at their fair values as of the inception date of the agreement and at fair value as of each subsequent balance sheet date. Any change in fair value is recorded in earnings each period as non-operating, non-cash income or expense. We have elected to account for the convertible notes using the fair value option in accordance with the guidance contained in ASC 815. The Company used a probability-weighted scenario analysis to determine the fair value of the convertible notes. The risk-free rate used in the analysis is based on the yield on a U.S. government zero-coupon bond, interpolated for the period that corresponds to the time to liquidity as at the valuation date. See Note 8 of the financial statements for additional information.

Stock options

The company accounted for the issuance of stock options in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. We estimate the fair value of stock option awards granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which uses as inputs the fair value of our common stock and subjective assumptions we make, including expected stock price volatility, the expected term of the award, the risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends. The Company expects to consolidate its various equity plans into a single plan during 2026.

Determination of the Fair Value of Equity-Based Awards

Prior to the Merger, there had been no public market for our common stock, the estimated fair value of our common stock has been approved by our board of directors, with input from management, as of the date of each award grant, considering our most recently available sale of our common stock to independent investors and our board of directors' assessment of additional objective and subjective factors deemed relevant that may have changed from the date of the most recent determination through the date of the grant. The additional objective and subjective factors considered by our board of directors in determining the fair value of our common stock included the following:

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the prices of our common stock and preferred stock sold to outside investors in arm's length transactions, if any, and the rights, preferences and privileges of our preferred stock as compared to those of our common stock, including the liquidation preferences of our preferred stock;

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the progress of our research and development efforts, including the status of preclinical studies and planned clinical trials for our product candidates;

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the lack of liquidity of our equity as a private company;

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our stage of development and business strategy and the material risks related to our business and industry;

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the valuation of publicly traded companies in the biotechnology industry, as well as recently completed mergers and acquisitions of peer companies;

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any external market conditions affecting the biotechnology industry, and trends within the biotechnology industry;

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the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an IPO or a sale of our company in light of prevailing market conditions; and

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the analysis of IPOs and the market performance of similar companies in the biotechnology industry.

The assumptions underlying our board of directors' valuation determinations represented our board's best estimates, which involved inherent uncertainties and the application of our board's judgment. As a result, if factors or expected outcomes had changed or our board of directors had used significantly different assumptions or estimates, our equity-based compensation expense could have been materially different. Following the completion of this offering, our board of directors will determine the fair value of our common stock based on the quoted market prices of our common stock.

Inflation

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor. We do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations during the years ended December 31, 2025 or 2024.