From Coastal Risks to Resilience: Sharing lessons from Viet Nam's Mekong Delta

Viet Nam's Mekong Delta-one of the world's most engineered deltas-is a vital food basket for the country and global markets. Yet decades of intensive development, now colliding with rising seas and erratic weather, have strained its ecology, water systems, and farms. Driven by the decisive action of the Government and the resilience of local communities, Viet Nam has treated these challenges as a catalyst for transformative change, piloting innovative solutions that offer coastal nations practical models to adapt and build on.

From Country Case to Regional Playbook

Leveraging its global convening power, the World Bank (WB) brings countries together to share strategies that work - not in theory but in practice, by opening doors to tested solutions from Bank-financed projects. Such a knowledge exchange recently brought over 30 senior officials from Viet Nam, India, Cambodia, and Bangladesh to the Mekong Delta.

"This knowledge exchange is an opportunity to explore the innovative solutions developed, understand the collaborative spirit that has driven change in the face of immense challenges, and witness firsthand the progress made" said Nguyen Hoang Ai Phuong, Senior Environmental Specialist, WB Viet Nam.

At the heart of Viet Nam's approach is the Mekong Delta Regional Master Plan, a suite of green-and-gray measures that mix hard infrastructure with nature-based solutions, and decision support systems. Backed by the Mekong Delta Integrated Climate Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Project, with inputs from Vietnamese and international research institutes, it provides a framework for shifting from ad-hoc fixes to long-term, integrated management.

"The most interesting part is the Mekong Delta Master Plan-from how it was developed to how Viet Nam is now implementing it," said Oeung Chantha, Under Secretary of State from Cambodia's Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology.

Participants compared national approaches, identified gaps, and explored how Viet Nam's coastal resilience models could be adapted to their contexts. Photo credit: Duc Hieu/ The World Bank

The exchange featured leadership insights and technical sessions, where Vietnamese experts on sustainable livelihoods, agricultural transformation, and coastal engineering worked alongside counterparts from South and Southeast Asia. Together, they compared national approaches, identified gaps, and explored how Viet Nam's lessons from adaptive and integrated solutions could be adopted to their own contexts. The exchange also offered India, with its extensive experience in integrated coastal zone management, a valuable platform to share insights and lessons learned with delegates from Bangladesh, Cambodia and Viet Nam.

"One of the most valuable lessons is the importance of not fighting nature, but rather building in harmony with it," noted Smitha Raghunathan Nair Director, Department of Science, Technology & Environment, Government of Puducherry, India.

When the Classroom Is a Coastline

During the field visits in Ca Mau, participants witnessed firsthand nature-based, community-driven solutions the WB has helped design and scale. Photo credit: Duc Hieu/ The World Bank

In Ca Mau-Viet Nam's southernmost province and among its most climate-exposed, delegates visited mangrove restoration sites, wave breakers, and shrimp-forest cooperatives-arrangements that link engineering with ecosystems and local livelihoods. The "living classrooms" offers nature-based and community-driven solutions that the WB has helped identify, finance, and scale, while on-site discussions helped delegates draw parallels with their own coastlines.

Nguyen Van Su, Director of Ca Mau Cape Tourism Area Management Board, Cape Ca Mau National Park, outlined a community-based ecotourism and forest management model. "We link with the community so that they can increase their income and livelihoods," he said. "Because if their livelihoods are not secure, they won't participate." Without community participation, he added, long-term management goals under the regional plan would be at risk. The approach resonates well with Abhijit Ghorpade, Director of the State Climate Action Cell, Government of Maharashtra, India, who noted that the state's mangroves and beaches could support similar ecotourism and cooperative models-if communities are put at the center.

Delegates visited a major shrimp producer to see commercial aquaculture can adopt ecosystem-based practices to reduce environmental impacts. Photo credit: Duc Hieu/ The World BankDelegates also learnt how shrimp-forest cooperatives adapt to changing salinity and erosion while improving incomes and food security, examined coastal protection measures that combine mangrove belts with engineered structures-hybrid, "no-regret" solutions supported by the WB that protect shorelines, key physical assets and communities, and biodiversity. They observed sustainable shrimp farming practices and explored ecosystem-based approaches to minimize environmental impact while creating more jobs.

From Lessons to Actions

Reflection sessions helped delegates map out concrete next steps-what to adapt, where to pilot, what to scale up and what support might be needed.

Cambodia's Oeung Chantha emphasized the value of Viet Nam scientific capacity, long-term planning, and integrated management, noting Cambodia's interest in moving beyond ad-hoc responses to more strategic, long-term approaches.

Deepak Bilgi, Chief Conservator of Forests and the Chief Mission Director of India's Tamil Nadu Department of Environment and Climate Change, highlighted that: "Tamil Nadu has been a pioneer in coastal and climate resilience. The visit to Viet Nam offered key lessons on informed decision-making, resource management, integrated planning, and the benefits of a Mekong Delta-style data center and landscape-level planning."

But the most interesting result was that participants now see coastal areas such as the Mekong Delta as a laboratory for innovation and opportunities for scaling up impactful and integrated solutions to enhance natural, physical and human capitals.

"We truly see opportunities. Here in the Mekong Delta, some might look at the water, the influx, the substance of it all and see only challenge. But the people here have transformed it into opportunity and that is exactly the mindset we need as we move forward," said Mariam J. Sherman, WB Division Director for Viet Nam, Cambodia, and Lao PDR.

In October 2025, senior delegates from India, Cambodia, and Bangladesh came to the Mekong Delta for a five-day knowledge exchange on coastal resilience. Photo credit: Duc Hieu/ The World Bank

*This knowledge exchange was organized in coordination with Viet Nam's Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, local Departments of Agriculture and Environment, and Vietnamese research institutes, with financial support from the Korea Green Growth Trust Fund and the Government of Australia through the Australia-World Bank Strategic Partnership in Viet Nam Phase 2.