Feeling Tired All the Time? It Could Be Your Thyroid

By Shreema Basnet, MD
Internal Medicine, PGY-3

Are you experiencing persistent fatigue, unexplained weight gain despite no changes in your diet, or issues like dry skin and hair loss? These symptoms could be more than just signs of stress or lifestyle changes-they may indicate hypothyroidism.

What is Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland, a small organ located in the neck, fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones-thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). When the levels of these hormones decline, it can lead to a slowdown in various bodily functions, resulting in a wide range of symptoms.

Symptoms:

• Persistent fatigue or muscle weakness
• Unexplained weight gain
• Sensitivity to cold
• Dry skin and hair loss
• Constipation
• Swelling in the face or neck
• Depression or mood changes
• Irregular or heavy menstrual periods
• Decreased sexual drive
• Infertility

Who is at Risk?

• Individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis
• Those with a family history of thyroid disorders
• People who have undergone neck surgery or radiation therapy
• Pregnant women
• Individuals with an iodine-deficient diet

Diagnosis and Treatment:

• A simple blood test measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroid hormones can confirm the diagnosis.
• Treatment typically involves daily thyroid hormone replacement, a safe and effective therapy that restores normal hormone levels.

Why Early Detection Matters:

Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to several complications, including:

• Goiter: Swelling in the neck
• Heart Problems: Low thyroid hormone levels can raise cholesterol, leading to a buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, high blood pressure, and an increased risk of heart disease
• Reproductive Issues: Irregular menstrual cycles and infertility
• Mental Health Issues: Depression
• Myxedema: A rare but life-threatening condition characterized by severe hypothyroidism, low body temperature, low blood pressure, and coma

Taking charge of your thyroid health today can help prevent complications in the future. Pay attention to your body, and don't overlook the signs.

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