Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending September 30, 2025 (Form 10-Q)

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

On March 7, 2025, Nanophase Technologies Corporation announced its rebranding as Solésence, Inc. ("Solésence," "Company," "we," "our," or "us"), marking a new chapter in its commitment to innovation, self-expression, and inclusivity in skin health. The Company's stock continued to trade under the NANX ticker symbol until April 8, 2025 when it began trading on Nasdaq under the symbol SLSN. Our corporate website transitioned to Solésence.com. Investor relations information, including historic Nanophase financials and disclosures, is available at ir.Solésence.com. The Company changed its legal name to Solésence, Inc. by amending its certificate of incorporation with the State of Delaware on March 10, 2025, which was subsequently corrected to Solésence, Inc. by the filing of a Certificate of Correction with the State of Delaware on June 3, 2025.

Solésence, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Solésence, LLC (our "Solésence consumer products subsidiary"), is a leading innovator in scientifically-driven health care solutions across beauty and life science categories, protecting skin from environmental aggressors and enhancing the aesthetic appeal of healthy products. Skin health, addressed through both our consumer products and our Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ("APIs"), currently make up the great majority of our business, with additional revenue being generated from other legacy advanced materials applications. The Company was incorporated in Illinois on November 25, 1989 and became a Delaware corporation during November 1997. Our common stock now trades on Nasdaq under the symbol SLSN after previously trading under the NANX ticker on the OTCQB marketplace. We have development and application laboratories, and manufacturing capacity in two locations in the Chicago, Illinois area.

Leveraging a platform of integrated patented and proprietary technologies, we create products with unique performance to enhance end-consumers' health and well-being. We offer comprehensive production, from engineered materials, formulation development, and finished product development, to commercial manufacturing and packaging capabilities. Our expertise in materials engineering allows us to effectively coat and disperse materials on a nano and "non-nano" scale for use in a variety of markets in skin health, including for use in sunscreens as APIs. We believe our innovative approach to creating these materials gives us technological and market advantages. We also leverage expertise to develop skin care, sun care, and color cosmetics products ("Solésence consumer products") that offer unique skin health benefits. We offer these for sale to brands who ultimately sell products to consumers in both prestige and mass markets within the beauty industry. Our Solésence consumer products have received broad acceptance in the marketplace. Due to the enhanced efficacy and aesthetic qualities offered by our proprietary technology platform, Solésence consumer products satisfy growing consumer demands for "clean" and inclusive beauty across a range of product formats and categories. The vertically integrated nature of our Solésence consumer products helps us to develop ingredient technologies and formulas in tandem. We have leveraged this to develop specialized formulation know-how with our unique ingredients, improve efficiency, and avoid potential major supply chain challenges, while also addressing ongoing sustainability efforts.

Given our technological position, in addition to the historical market acceptance of our APIs for use in skin health products and sunscreens, we have seen rapidly growing sales for our suite of Solésence consumer products. Due to the expanding demand from our brand partners, we have further refined our strategy to reflect our view that consumer products should be the major focus of our growth strategy. Management believes that this growth is happening now due to a confluence of our technology and market conditions that favor the types of products we produce. We continue to see unprecedented demand for these products. Coupled with our expanded and growing expertise in these areas, we believe we are well positioned to enjoy growth into the future. This success had led us to focus our combined business, ingredient technology, and product-development capabilities on products that bring unique performance to this area. While we will continue to produce and sell materials to our other advanced materials customers, it is not our strategic focus, and we expect it to make up less of our total business over time. We may develop additional technologies or find unique applications outside of our core markets in the future, but to maximize the use of our resources today, we plan on expanding efforts in areas where we have proven we can deliver innovation and growth.

Solésence now partners with brands to develop, manufacture, and market products and ingredients that enhance lives through healthy skin.

Results of Operations

Total revenue decreased to $14,597 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $16,866 for the same period in 2024. Total revenue increased to $49,581 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $39,780 for the same period in 2024. Much of our revenue was from our three largest customers for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, one of which was a new customer, and two of our three largest customers for the same period in 2024. This reflects sales to our largest customers for our consumer products and sales of APIs to our largest customer in personal care ingredients. This is the revenue breakdown, as a percentage of total revenue, from the customers referenced above during the three-and nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, and 2024 respectively:

					Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
Customer #			Product Category		2025				2024				2025				2024
1			Consumer Products			37	%			34	%			27	%			34	%
2			Consumer Products			20	%			-	%			19	%			-	%
3			Personal Care Ingredients			3	%			17	%			9	%			15	%
			Total Sales			60	%			51	%			55	%			49	%

Product revenue, the primary component of our total revenue, decreased to $14,533 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $16,785 during the same period of 2024, and increased to $49,369 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $39,479 during the same period of 2024. The three-month product revenue decrease was due lower sales in the personal care ingredients and advanced materials product categories, partially offset by to higher sales in our consumer products product category. The nine-month product revenue increase was due to higher sales in our consumer products product category, partially offset by lower sales in the personal care ingredients and advanced materials product categories.

Other revenue decreased to $64 and $212 for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, compared to $81 and $301 for the same periods in 2024, respectively. Other revenue is comprised primarily of fees for laboratory testing and developmental or licensing fees.

Cost of revenue generally includes costs associated with commercial production and customer development arrangements. Cost of revenue increased to $11,227 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $10,764 for the same period in 2024, and increased to $36,952 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $26,358 for the same period in 2024. The increase for the nine-month period in the cost of revenue was primarily driven by increased volume, manufacturing operating inefficiencies, and facilities improvements. The increase for the three-month period in the cost of revenue was primarily driven by manufacturing operating inefficiencies, and facilities improvements. While we typically pass through costs to our customers, we sometimes cannot pass through 100% of pricing increases on raw materials, and even with pass throughs, our gross margin percentage is negatively impacted by higher material costs. The Company continues to monitor the potential impact of the new tariffs on our materials sourced internationally.

Capacity is a key area of focus to increase throughput, followed quickly by increased cost efficiency once we can achieve greater scale. Our planning has had us adding to our current fixed manufacturing cost structure through 2025 to accommodate additional growth, and to build a better base for further growth beyond that level. The extent to which margins grow, as a percentage of total revenue, will be dependent upon revenue mix, revenue volume, our ability to cut costs and pass commodity market-driven raw materials increases on to customers, and the speed and efficiency with which we are able to scale up production for our consumer products. We expect that, as product revenue volume increases, our fixed manufacturing costs will be more efficiently absorbed, which should lead to increased margins as we grow. Our most critical operational issue today is reducing controllable variable product manufacturing costs.

Research and development expense, which includes all expenses relating to the technology and advanced engineering groups, primarily consists of costs associated with the development or acquisition of new finished product formulations for skin care, new product applications for our skin care ingredients, advancement of our medical diagnostics ingredient knowledge, and the cost of enhancing our manufacturing processes. As an example, we are currently focusing the bulk of our resources on developing new product formulations, and related new technologies, as we expand marketing and sales efforts relating to our Solésence products. This work has led to several new products and additional potential new products. Our efforts in research and development, cosmetic formulating, process engineering and advanced engineering groups are focused in three major areas: 1) application development for our products; 2) creating or obtaining additional core materials technologies and/or materials that have the capability to serve multiple skin health-related markets; and 3) continuing to improve our core technologies to improve manufacturing operations and reduce costs.

Research and development expense increased to $1,082 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $970 for the same period in 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 research and development expense increased to $3,055 compared to $2,746 for the same period in 2024. The increase is due in large part to increased salary and benefit costs in 2025 compared to 2024.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased to $3,069 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $1,934 for the same period in 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, selling, general and administrative expense increased to $8,188, compared to $5,321 for the same period in 2024. The increase is due to an increase in legal costs, increase in the allowance for credit loss, increased employee-related costs, severance costs, and costs related to our uplisting to NASDAQ in 2025 when compared to 2024.

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, other income included the adjusted payment of $1,234 relating to funds received from U.S. Department of the Treasury under the Employee Retention Credit (ERC) program, along with $272 in interest related to the delayed payment. The ERC is a refundable payroll tax credit made available under the CARES Act and subsequent legislation. Interest income included interest paid relating to this amount of $194 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025. The ERC payments and related interest did not apply to 2024.

Inflation

We believe inflation has had an incremental impact on our costs of operations and financial position to date. However, supplier price increases and wage and benefit inflation, both of which represent a significant component of our costs of operations, could have a material effect on our operations and financial position in 2025 if we are unable to pass through any applicable increases under our present contracts or through to our markets in general. We have begun to increase pricing where possible and continue to adjust our pricing to the extent supported by the markets we are in, and under any contract limitations we may have.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash, cash proceeds and use of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 2024, and year ended December 31, 2024 were:

		Nine months ended September 30, 2025				Nine months ended September 30, 2024				Year ended December 31, 2024
Total cash		$	429			$	2,925			$	1,409
Cash (used in) provided by operating activities			(10,386	)			(218	)			1,971
Net cash used in investing activities			(1,693	)			(1,965	)			(4,558	)
Net cash provided by financing activities			11,099				3,386				2,274

The net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to increased accounts receivable, net and decreased accounts payable and deferred revenue, offset by net income, decrease in inventory and increased accrued expenses. Net cash used in investing activities was attributable to expenditures on capital equipment for all periods presented above. The net cash provided by financing activities was attributable to the increased use of debt.

Our actual future capital requirements in 2025 and beyond will depend on many factors, including customer acceptance of our current and potential future consumer products, APIs sold as ingredients in to the skin health markets, medical diagnostics ingredients, and other engineered materials, applications, and products, continued progress in research and development activities and product testing programs, the magnitude of these activities and programs, and the costs necessary to increase and expand our manufacturing capabilities and to market and sell these products and ingredients. Other important issues that will drive future capital requirements will be the development of new markets and new customers as well as the potential for significant unplanned growth with existing customers. Depending on the success of certain projects, and conditions within the markets supplying labor and materials for capital equipment, we expect that capital spending relating to currently known capital needs for 2025 will be between $0.1 million and $1 million, to be funded by profit from operations, our existing loans and lines of credit, and possible new debt financing. If those projects are delayed or ultimately prove unsuccessful, or if we fail to be able to support the additional cost of funding them in the near term, we expect our capital expenditures may fall below the lower end of the range. Similarly, substantial success in business development projects may cause the actual 2025 capital investment to exceed the top of this range.

Additional Consideration

We have federal net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes of approximately $42 million on December 31, 2024. Because the Company may experience "ownership changes" within the meaning of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") in connection with any future equity offerings, future utilization of this carryforward may be subject to certain limitations as defined by the IRC. If not utilized, $36 million of this loss carryforward will expire between 2025 and 2037. Given changes to the IRC, net operating loss carryforwards generated after January 1, 2018 do not expire, therefore, $6.8 million in net operating losses generated since January 1, 2018 do not expire. We have Illinois net loss deduction carryforwards for tax purposes of approximately $18.2 million on December 31, 2024. Due to the provisions of Illinois Public Act 102-0669 signed November 16, 2021, Illinois net loss deductions expire between 2030 and 2043.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have not created, and are not party to, any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purposes of raising capital, incurring debt or operating our business. We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or relationships with entities that are not consolidated into our financial statements that are reasonably likely to materially affect our liquidity or the availability of capital resources.

Safe Harbor Provision

We want to provide investors with more meaningful and useful information. As a result, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the "Form 10-Q") contains and incorporates by reference certain "forward-looking statements", as defined in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). These statements reflect our current expectations of the future results of our operations, performance, and achievements. Forward-looking statements are covered under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We have tried, wherever possible, to identify these statements by using words such as "anticipates", "believes", "estimates", "expects", "plans", "intends" and similar expressions. These statements reflect management's current beliefs and are based on information now available to it. Accordingly, these statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and contingencies that could cause our actual results, performance, or achievements in 2025 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, such statements. These risks, uncertainties and factors include, without limitation: our ability to be consistently profitable despite the losses we have incurred since our incorporation; a decision by a customer to cancel a purchase order or supply agreement in light of our dependence on a limited number of key customers; the terms of our supply agreements with BASF which could trigger a requirement to sell equipment to that customer; our potential inability to obtain working capital when needed on acceptable terms or at all; our ability to obtain materials at costs we can pass through to our customers, including Rare Earth elements, specifically cerium oxide, as well as high purity zinc; uncertain demand for, and acceptance of, our Solésence products, and our advanced materials; our manufacturing capacity and product mix flexibility in light of customer demand; our limited marketing experience, including with our suite of Solésence products; changes in development and distribution relationships; the impact of competitive products and technologies; our dependence on patents and protection of proprietary information; our ability to maintain an appropriate electronic trading venue for our securities; the impact of any potential new governmental regulations, especially any new governmental regulations focusing on the processing, handling, storage or sale of nanomaterials, that could be difficult to respond to or costly to comply with; business interruptions due to unexpected events or public health crises, including viral pandemics such as COVID-19; and the resolution of litigation or other legal proceedings in which we may become involved. In addition, our forward-looking statements could be affected by general industry and market conditions and growth rates. Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Except as required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to reflect new events or uncertainties.