Butterfly Network Inc.
10/31/2025 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 10/31/2025 05:33
Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending September 30, 2025 (Form 10-Q)
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis provides information which management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our condensed consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those described under the caption "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of Part I of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are an innovative digital health business transforming care through a unique combination of portable, semiconductor-based ultrasound technology, intuitive software, services, and educational offerings that can make medical imaging more accessible than ever before. Butterfly's solution enables the practical application of ultrasound information into the clinical workflow through affordable hardware that fits in a healthcare professional's pocket and is paired with cloud-connected software that is easily accessed through a mobile application.
Butterfly developed ultrasound devices that can perform whole-body imaging in a single handheld probe because they are powered by our proprietary semiconductor technology instead of piezoelectric crystals. Our Ultrasound-on-Chip™ makes ultrasound more accessible outside of large healthcare institutions, while our software is intended to make the product easy to use, fully integrated with the clinical workflow, and accessible on a user's smartphone, tablet, and almost any hospital computer system connected to the Internet. We aim to enable the delivery of imaging information anywhere at point-of-care to drive earlier detection throughout the body and remote management of health conditions. We market and sell the Butterfly system, which includes probes, related accessories, and software subscriptions, to healthcare systems, physicians, and healthcare providers through a direct sales force, distributors, and our eCommerce channel.
Since 2022, we have taken significant actions to reduce our cost of operations and extend our cash runway and have reduced our annual cash requirements by approximately $180 million, to less than $50 million annually. As we look forward, we expect to continue to invest in our business in order to grow revenue. On January 31, 2025, we raised additional capital through the issuance and sale in a public offering of 27.6 million shares of our Class A common stock, generating proceeds of $81.0 million, net of underwriting costs and related expenses.
Key Performance Measures
We review the key performance measures discussed below to evaluate the business and measure performance, identify trends, formulate plans, and make strategic decisions. Our key performance measures may fluctuate over time as the adoption of our devices increases, which may shift the revenue mix more toward software and other services. The quarterly measures may be impacted by the timing of device sales.
Units fulfilled
We define units fulfilled as the number of devices whereby control is transferred to a customer. We do not adjust this measure for returns as our volume of returns has historically been low. We view units fulfilled as a key indicator of the growth of our business. We believe that this measure is useful to investors because it presents our core growth and the performance of our business period over period.
For the three months ended
Units fulfilled increased by 221 units, or 4.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was driven by higher probe sales volume in our US sales channels.
Software and other services mix
We define software and other services mix as a percentage of our total revenue recognized in a reporting period that is based on software subscriptions and other services, consisting primarily of our software as a service ("SaaS") offering. We view software and other services mix as a key indicator of the profitability of our business, and thus we believe that this measure is useful to investors.
Software and other services mix decreased by 1.9 percentage points, to 32.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This decrease is primarily a reflection of the increases in both our product revenue and total revenue shifting the mix more towards hardware.
Description of Certain Components of Financial Data
Revenue
Revenue consists of revenue from the sale of products, such as medical devices, accessories, and semiconductor chips, and the sale of software and other services. Our software and related service offerings include SaaS subscriptions, product support and maintenance ("Support"), software development kits ("SDKs") which may be perpetual or term-based, and partnership support services. SaaS subscriptions include licenses for teams and individuals as well as enterprise-level subscriptions. For sales of products and perpetual SDKs, revenue is recognized at a point in time upon transfer of control to the customer. SaaS subscriptions, Support, and term-based SDKs are generally related to stand-ready obligations and are recognized ratably over time.
Over time, as adoption of our devices increases through further market penetration and as practitioners in the Butterfly network continue to use our devices, we expect our annual revenue mix to shift more toward software and other services. The quarterly revenue mix may be impacted by the timing of device sales. Recently, due in part to the continued success of our next-generation iQ3 probe and the delivery of semiconductor chips to one of our partners, our software and other services mix as a percentage of total revenue has been decreasing in comparison to comparative periods in prior years.
To date, we have invested in building out our commercial footprint, with the ultimate goal of growing adoption at large-scale healthcare systems and driving awareness of the usability of ultrasound. As we expand our healthcare system software offerings and develop relationships with larger healthcare systems, we continue to expect a higher proportion of our sales in healthcare systems compared to eCommerce.
Cost of revenue
Cost of product revenue consists of product costs including manufacturing costs, personnel costs and benefits, inbound freight, packaging, warranty replacement costs, payment processing fees, and inventory obsolescence and write-offs. We expect our cost of product revenue to fluctuate over time due to the level of units fulfilled in any given period and fluctuate as a percentage of product revenue over time as our focus on operational efficiencies in our supply chain may be offset by increased prices of certain inventory components.
Cost of software and other services revenue consists of personnel costs, cloud hosting costs and payment processing fees. Because the costs and associated expenses to deliver our SaaS offerings are less than the costs and associated expenses of manufacturing and selling our devices, we anticipate an improvement in profitability and margin expansion over time as our revenue mix shifts increasingly towards software and other services. We plan to continue to invest additional resources to expand and further develop our SaaS and other service offerings which will be reflected in cost of revenue as amortization expense.
Research and development
Research and development expenses primarily consist of personnel costs and benefits, professional services, facilities-related expenses and depreciation, fabrication services, and software costs. Most of our research and development expenses are related to developing new products and services that have not reached the point of commercialization and improving our products and services that have been commercialized. Fabrication services include certain third-party engineering costs, product testing, and test boards. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. We expect to continue to make substantial investments in our product and software development, clinical, and regulatory capabilities.
Sales and marketing
Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of personnel costs and benefits, advertising, conferences and events, facilities-related expenses, and software costs. We expect to increase our investments in our commercial capabilities.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs and benefits, insurance, patent fees, software costs, facilities-related expenses, and outside services. Outside services consist of professional services, legal fees and other professional fees.
Other
Operating expenses classified as other are expenses which we do not consider representative of our ongoing operations. These other expenses primarily consist of employee severance and benefits costs related to reductions in force, business transformation initiatives, litigation costs, and legal settlements.
Results of Operations
We operate as a single reportable segment to reflect the way our CODM reviews and assesses the performance of the business. The accounting policies are described in Note 2 "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
| Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | Dollars |
% of revenue |
Dollars |
% of revenue |
Dollars |
% of revenue |
Dollars |
% of revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product | $ | 14,556 | 67.7 | % | $ | 13,538 | 65.8 | % | $ | 45,341 | 68.6 | % | $ | 39,478 | 66.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Software and other services | 6,933 | 32.3 | 7,023 | 34.2 | 20,755 | 31.4 | 20,227 | 33.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 21,489 | 100.0 | 20,561 | 100.0 | 66,096 | 100.0 | 59,705 | 100.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product | 23,552 | 109.6 | 6,065 | 29.5 | 36,047 | 54.5 | 17,739 | 29.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Software and other services | 1,694 | 7.9 | 2,263 | 11.0 | 5,536 | 8.4 | 6,870 | 11.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total cost of revenue | 25,246 | 117.5 | 8,328 | 40.5 | 41,583 | 62.9 | 24,609 | 41.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit (loss) | (3,757) | (17.5) | 12,233 | 59.5 | 24,513 | 37.1 | 35,096 | 58.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 8,703 | 40.5 | 8,844 | 43.0 | 26,942 | 40.8 | 28,975 | 48.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 10,626 | 49.4 | 9,607 | 46.7 | 33,805 | 51.1 | 29,713 | 49.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 9,289 | 43.2 | 9,353 | 45.5 | 28,018 | 42.4 | 29,868 | 50.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2,759 | 12.8 | 1,675 | 8.1 | 5,451 | 8.2 | 3,639 | 6.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 31,377 | 146.0 | 29,479 | 143.4 | 94,216 | 142.5 | 92,195 | 154.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | (35,134) | (163.5) | (17,246) | (83.9) | (69,703) | (105.5) | (57,099) | (95.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 1,443 | 6.7 | 1,221 | 5.9 | 4,598 | 7.0 | 4,023 | 6.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (385) | (1.8) | (319) | (1.6) | (1,100) | (1.7) | (928) | (1.6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | 207 | 1.0 | (1,239) | (6.0) | 1,652 | 2.5 | (826) | (1.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | (86) | (0.4) | 717 | 3.5 | 2,824 | 4.3 | 517 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before provision for income taxes | (33,955) | (158.0) | (16,866) | (82.0) | (61,729) | (93.4) | (54,313) | (91.0) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 16 | 0.1 | 58 | 0.3 | 43 | 0.1 | 78 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss and comprehensive loss | $ | (33,971) | (158.1) | % | $ | (16,924) | (82.3) | % | $ | (61,772) | (93.5) | % | $ | (54,391) | (91.1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
Revenue
| Three months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product | $ | 14,556 | $ | 13,538 | $ | 1,018 | 7.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Software and other services | 6,933 | 7,023 | (90) | (1.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 21,489 | $ | 20,561 | $ | 928 | 4.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Product revenue increased by $1.0 million, or 7.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was primarily driven by higher average selling prices in our international
markets given the international launch of our iQ3 probe in the third quarter last year. We also had increased sales volume within our eCommerce and vet channels.
Software and other services revenue remained relatively flat for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, decreasing by $0.1 million, or 1.3%. This decrease was primarily driven by lower renewals of individual subscriptions and lower revenue from extended warranties due to the standard warranty of our iQ3 probe being longer than our prior models. These decreases were partially offset by increases in our licensing and services revenue from our partnerships.
Cost of revenue
| Three months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product | $ | 23,552 | $ | 6,065 | $ | 17,487 | 288.3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Software and other services | 1,694 | 2,263 | (569) | (25.1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 25,246 | $ | 8,328 | $ | 16,918 | 203.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 117.5 | % | 40.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of product revenue increased by $17.5 million, or 288.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, driven by a non-recurring $17.4 million charge during the three months ended September 30, 2025 for excess and obsolete inventory due to technological advancements in the underlying components of our devices and changes in our product portfolio.
Cost of software and other services revenue decreased by $0.6 million, or 25.1%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily driven by a $0.7 million decrease in amortization expense for software development investments that we made in prior years.
Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue increased from 40.5% to 117.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the $17.4 million excess and obsolete inventory charge, which is 80.8% as a percentage of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2025.
Research and development
| Three months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | $ | 8,703 | $ | 8,844 | $ | (141) | (1.6) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 40.5 | % | 43.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development expenses remained relatively flat for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, decreasing by $0.1 million, or 1.6%. This decrease was primarily driven by reduced personnel and product engineering costs that were partially offset by higher professional services costs.
Sales and marketing
| Three months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 10,626 | $ | 9,607 | $ | 1,019 | 10.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 49.4 | % | 46.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $1.0 million, or 10.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. The most significant drivers of this increase were $0.4 million of higher personnel costs and $0.1 million of higher professional services costs, both resulting from investments in our sales force and client experience function in order to support continued revenue growth.
General and administrative
| Three months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 9,289 | $ | 9,353 | $ | (64) | (0.7) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 43.2 | % | 45.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses remained relatively flat for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024, decreasing by $0.1 million, or 0.7%. This decrease was primarily driven by reduced insurance costs, largely offset by higher personnel costs due to increased headcount.
Other
| Three months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | $ | 2,759 | $ | 1,675 | $ | 1,084 | 64.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 12.8 | % | 8.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other increased by $1.1 million, or 64.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was driven by $1.9 million of higher legal costs due to litigation, partially offset by $0.8 million of lower employment-related costs. These costs are not representative of our ongoing operations.
Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
Revenue
| Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product | $ | 45,341 | $ | 39,478 | $ | 5,863 | 14.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Software and other services | 20,755 | 20,227 | 528 | 2.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 66,096 | $ | 59,705 | $ | 6,391 | 10.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Product revenue increased by $5.9 million, or 14.9%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was primarily driven by deliveries of semiconductor chips to one of our Octiv partners in the current year as well as higher average selling prices in our international markets given the international launch of our iQ3 probe in the third quarter last year.
Software and other services revenue increased by $0.5 million, or 2.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was primarily driven by increases in licensing and services revenue from our partnerships and licensing revenue from our US sales channels, partially offset by a decrease in software and other services revenue from our international sales channels.
Cost of revenue
| Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product | $ | 36,047 | $ | 17,739 | $ | 18,308 | 103.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Software and other services | 5,536 | 6,870 | (1,334) | (19.4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 41,583 | $ | 24,609 | $ | 16,974 | 69.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 62.9 | % | 41.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of product revenue increased by $18.3 million, or 103.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, driven by a non-recurring $17.4 million charge during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 for excess and obsolete inventory due to technological advancements in the underlying components of our devices and changes in our product portfolio.
Cost of software and other services revenue decreased by $1.3 million, or 19.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily driven by a $1.4 million decrease in amortization expense for software development investments that we made in prior years.
Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue increased from 41.2% to 62.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the $17.4 million excess and obsolete inventory charge, which is 26.3% as a percentage of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Research and development
| Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | $ | 26,942 | $ | 28,975 | $ | (2,033) | (7.0) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 40.8 | % | 48.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development expenses decreased by $2.0 million, or 7.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by a reduction of $2.4 million in personnel costs as a result of our business transformation initiative in 2024 to optimize our non-specialized technical functions, a reduction of $0.6 million in product engineering costs, and an offsetting increase of $1.2 million in professional services costs for software development and regulatory compliance.
Sales and marketing
| Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 33,805 | $ | 29,713 | $ | 4,092 | 13.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 51.1 | % | 49.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $4.1 million, or 13.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was primarily driven by $3.0 million of higher personnel and other employment-related costs and $0.2 million of higher professional services costs, both resulting from investments in our sales force and client experience function in order to support continued revenue growth.
General and administrative
| Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 28,018 | $ | 29,868 | $ | (1,850) | (6.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 42.4 | % | 50.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses decreased by $1.9 million, or 6.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This decrease was primarily driven by reductions of $0.7 million in insurance costs, $0.5 million in personnel costs partly due to lower stock-based compensation expense, and $0.3 million in external accounting and audit fees.
Other
| Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | $ | 5,451 | $ | 3,639 | $ | 1,812 | 49.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 8.2 | % | 6.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other increased by $1.8 million, or 49.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was driven by $2.1 million of higher legal costs due to litigation, partially offset by $0.3 million of lower employment-related costs. These costs are not representative of our ongoing operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and proceeds from stock issuances and the Business Combination. Our primary uses of liquidity are operating expenses, working capital requirements, and capital expenditures.
On January 31, 2025, we raised $81.0 million, net of underwriting costs and related expenses, through the issuance and sale in a public offering of 27.6 million shares of our Class A common stock. During the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company utilized $3.9 million of cash and cash equivalents for ongoing operations. As of September 30, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents balance was $144.2 million. Our future spending will depend on various factors, including our rate of revenue growth and the timing and extent of spending on strategic business initiatives. We expect that our existing cash and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our liquidity, capital expenditure, and anticipated working capital requirements and fund our operations for at least the next 12 months.
As of September 30, 2025, we have restricted cash of $4.0 million to secure a letter of credit for one of our leases, which is expected to be maintained as a security deposit for the duration of the lease.
Our material cash requirements include contractual obligations with third parties for office leases, technology licensing agreements, inventory supply agreements, and outsourced services. Our fixed office lease payment obligations were $25.2 million as of September 30, 2025, with $3.7 million payable within the next 12 months. Our fixed technology license payment obligations were $14.0 million as of September 30, 2025, with $3.5 million payable within the next 12 months. Our fixed purchase obligations for inventory supply agreements, net of vendor advances, were $3.6 million as of September 30, 2025, all of which is payable within the next 12 months. Our fixed outsourced services payment obligations were $4.5 million as of September 30, 2025, with $1.4 million payable within the next 12 months.
As of September 30, 2025, we had no obligations, assets or liabilities, which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements.
Cash flows
Comparison of the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (21,731) | $ | (38,587) | ||||||||||
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
(2,265) | (2,250) | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 79,454 | - | ||||||||||||
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
|
$ | 55,458 | $ | (40,837) | ||||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities represents the cash receipts and disbursements related to our activities other than investing and financing activities. We expect cash provided by historical financing activities will continue to be our primary source of funds to support operating and capital expenditure needs for the foreseeable future.
Net cash used in operating activities decreased by $16.9 million, or 43.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was comprised of improvements of $7.0 million in net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items and $9.9 million in net working capital cash usage. The improvement in net working capital cash usage was primarily driven by a $5.5 million improvement in cash provided by changes in our inventory and the related vendor advances, a $4.2 million improvement in cash used for changes in accounts receivable, and a $1.7 million improvement in cash provided by changes in accounts payable and accrued expenses. These improvements were partially offset by a $1.8 million increase in cash used for changes in prepaid expenses and other assets.
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities remained relatively flat for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, increasing by 0.7%. There were no significant changes in purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets, including capitalized software or sales of property and equipment.
Net cash provided by financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities increased by $79.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024. This increase was primarily comprised of $81.0 million provided by the net proceeds from the public share offering in January 2025 as well as $1.2 million provided by stock plan transactions, partially offset by $2.8 million in cash used for payments of taxes for restricted stock units. We did not have any financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, contingent assets and liabilities, and related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, and these form the basis for making judgments about items that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
As of September 30, 2025, we concluded that a revision to our estimates of the net realizable value of our inventories and of excess and obsolete inventory was appropriate due to technological advancements in the underlying components of our devices and changes in our product portfolio. As a result, we recognized an additional $17.4 million non-recurring charge for excess and obsolete inventory in our cost of product revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. This was in addition to the insignificant, recurring net realizable value and excess and obsolete inventory adjustments we typically recognize.
For our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no other material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
The Company did not identify any significant recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations.
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