Material Agreement, Private Placement (Form 8-K)

Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.

On October 9, 2025, U.S. Energy Corp. (the "Company") entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") and a related Registration Rights Agreement (the "Registration Rights Agreement"), each dated as of October 9, 2025, with Roth Principal Investments, LLC ("Roth Principal Investments"). Upon the terms and subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Company will have the right, in its sole discretion, to sell to Roth Principal Investments up to $25,000,000 of newly issued shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), subject to certain conditions and limitations contained in the Purchase Agreement, from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Sales of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and the timing of any sales, are solely at the option of the Company, and the Company is under no obligation to sell any securities to Roth Principal Investments under the Purchase Agreement.

Upon the initial satisfaction of each of the conditions to Roth Principal Investments' purchase obligation set forth in the Purchase Agreement (the initial satisfaction of such conditions, the "Commencement", and the date on which the Commencement occurs, the "Commencement Date"), including that a registration statement registering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the resale by Roth Principal Investments of shares of Common Stock issued to it by the Company under the Purchase Agreement, which the Company agreed to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement (the "Registration Statement"), is declared effective by the SEC, the Company will have the right, but not the obligation, from time to time in its sole discretion over a period of up to 24 months beginning on the Commencement Date, to direct Roth Principal Investments to purchase a specified number of shares of Common Stock, not to exceed certain limitations as set forth in the Purchase Agreement (each, a "Market Open Purchase"), by delivering written notice to Roth Principal Investments prior to the commencement of trading of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Capital Market ("Nasdaq") on any trading day (the "Purchase Date"), so long as (i) the closing sale price of the Common Stock on the trading day immediately prior to such Purchase Date is not less than a specified threshold price as set forth in the Purchase Agreement (the "Threshold Price") and (ii) all shares of Common Stock subject to all prior Market Open Purchases and all prior Intraday Purchases (as defined below) effected by the Company under the Purchase Agreement (as applicable) have been received by Roth Principal Investments at such time and in the manner set forth in the Purchase Agreement.

The purchase price of the shares of Common Stock that the Company elects to sell to Roth Principal Investments in a Market Open Purchase pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will be determined by reference to the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock ("VWAP") during the period (the "Market Open Purchase Valuation Period") beginning at the official open (or "commencement") of the regular trading session on Nasdaq on the applicable Purchase Date and ending at the earliest to occur of (i) such time of official close of the regular trading session, (ii) such time during such regular trading hour period, the trading volume threshold calculated in accordance with the Purchase Agreement is reached, and (iii) if the Company further specifies in the applicable purchase notice for such Market Open Purchase that a "limit order discontinue election" shall apply to such Market Open Purchase, such time the trading price of the Common Stock on Nasdaq during such Market Open Purchase Valuation Period falls below the applicable minimum price threshold determined in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, less a fixed 2.5% discount to the VWAP for such Market Open Purchase Valuation Period.

In addition to the Market Open Purchases described above, after the Commencement, the Company will also have the right, but not the obligation (subject to the continued satisfaction of the purchase conditions contained in the Purchase Agreement), to direct Roth Principal Investments to purchase, on any trading day that would qualify as a Purchase Date on which the Company may elect to effect a Market Open Purchase, whether or not a Market Open Purchase is effected by the Company on such trading day, a specified number of shares of Common Stock, not to exceed certain limitations set forth in the Purchase Agreement that are similar to those applicable to Market Open Purchases (each, an "Intraday Purchase"), by timely delivering an irrevocable written notice of such Intraday Purchase to Roth Principal Investments after 10:00 a.m., New York City time (and after the Market Open Purchase Valuation Period for any earlier Market Open Purchase and the Intraday Purchase Valuation Period (defined below) for the most recent prior Intraday Purchase effected on the same Purchase Date, if applicable, have ended), and prior to 2:00 p.m., New York City time, on such Purchase Date (each, an "Intraday Purchase Notice").

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The per share purchase price for the shares of Common Stock that the Company elects to sell to Roth Principal Investments in an Intraday Purchase pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, will be calculated in the same manner as in the case of a Market Open Purchase (including the same fixed 2.5% discount to the applicable VWAP used to calculate the per share purchase price for a Market Open Purchase, as described above), provided that the VWAP for each Intraday Purchase effected on a Purchase Date will be calculated over different purchase valuation periods during the regular trading session on Nasdaq on such Purchase Date than the Market Open Purchase Valuation Period applicable to a Market Open Purchase effected on such Purchase Date (if any), each of which will commence and end at different times on such Purchase Date and will not overlap with any other purchase valuation period on such Purchase Date (each, an "Intraday Purchase Valuation Period").

There is no upper limit on the price per share that Roth Principal Investments could be obligated to pay for the Common Stock the Company may elect to sell to it in any Market Open Purchase, or any Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share of Common Stock that the Company may elect to sell to Roth Principal Investments in a Market Open Purchase or an Intraday Purchase under the Purchase Agreement will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring during the applicable Purchase Valuation Period for such Market Open Purchase or during the applicable Intraday Purchase Valuation Period for such Intraday Purchase.

The Company will control the timing and amount of any sales of Common Stock to Roth Principal Investments that it may elect, in its sole discretion, to effect from time to time from and after the Commencement Date and during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Actual sales of shares of Common Stock to Roth Principal Investments under the Purchase Agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Common Stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources of funding for the Company and its operations.

Under the applicable Nasdaq rules, in no event may the Company issue to Roth Principal Investments under the Purchase Agreement more than 7,123,382 shares of Common Stock, which number of shares is equal to 19.99% of the shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement (the "Exchange Cap"), unless (i) the Company obtains stockholder approval to issue shares of Common Stock in excess of the Exchange Cap in accordance with applicable Nasdaq rules, or (ii) the average price per share paid by Roth Principal Investments for all of the shares of Common Stock that the Company directs Roth Principal Investments to purchase from the Company pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, if any, equals or exceeds $1.2788 (representing the lower of (a) the official closing price of the Common Stock on Nasdaq immediately preceding the execution of the Purchase Agreement and (b) the average official closing price of the Common Stock on Nasdaq for the five consecutive trading days immediately preceding the execution of the Purchase Agreement, adjusted as required by Nasdaq to take into account, among other things, our issuance of the Commitment Shares (defined below) to Roth Principal Investments for non-cash consideration and our payment of the Cash Commitment Fee (defined below) to Roth Principal Investments), so that the Exchange Cap limitation will not apply to issuances and sales of Common Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement.

In addition, the Company may not issue or sell any shares of Common Stock to Roth Principal Investments under the Purchase Agreement which, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then beneficially owned by Roth Principal Investments and its affiliates (as calculated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and Rule 13d-3 thereunder), would result in Roth Principal Investments beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock.

The net proceeds from sales of Common Stock by the Company to Roth Principal Investments under the Purchase Agreement, if any, will depend on the frequency and prices at which the Company sells shares of Common Stock to Roth Principal Investments under the Purchase Agreement. To the extent the Company elects to sell shares of Common Stock to Roth Principal Investments under the Purchase Agreement from and after the Commencement Date, the Company currently plans to use any net proceeds therefrom for working capital and general corporate purposes.

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There are no restrictions on future financings, rights of first refusal, participation rights, penalties or liquidated damages in the Purchase Agreement or Registration Rights Agreement, other than a prohibition (with certain limited exceptions) on entering into specified "Variable Rate Transactions" (as such term is defined in the Purchase Agreement) during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Such transactions include, among others, the issuance of convertible securities with a conversion or exercise price that is based upon or varies with the trading price of the Common Stock after the date of issuance, or the Company effecting or entering into an agreement to effect an "equity line of credit" or other substantially similar continuous offering with a third party, in which the Company may offer, issue or sell Common Stock or any securities exercisable, exchangeable or convertible into Common Stock at a future determined price.

Roth Principal Investments has agreed that during the term of the Purchase Agreement, none of Roth Principal Investments, any of its officers, or any entity managed or controlled by Roth Principal Investments, will enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, either for Roth Principal Investments' own principal account or for the principal account of any such entity managed or controlled by Roth Principal Investments, any short sale (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of the Common Stock or any hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to the Common Stock.

The Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement contain customary representations, warranties, conditions and indemnification obligations of the parties. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in such agreements were made only for the purposes of such agreements, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.

The Purchase Agreement will automatically terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the first day of the month following the 24-month anniversary of the Commencement Date, (ii) the date on which Roth Principal Investments shall have purchased from the Company under the Purchase Agreement shares of Common Stock for an aggregate gross purchase price of $25,000,000, (iii) the date on which the Common Stock shall have failed to be listed or quoted on Nasdaq or another U.S. national securities exchange identified as an "eligible market" in the Purchase Agreement for a period of one trading day, (iv) the 30th trading day after the date on which a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy proceeding involving the Company has been commenced that is not discharged or dismissed prior to such 30^th trading day, and (v) the date on which a bankruptcy custodian is appointed for all or substantially all of the Company's property or the Company makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors.

The Company has the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement at any time after Commencement, at no cost or penalty to the Company, upon 10 trading days' prior written notice to Roth Principal Investments. The Company and Roth Principal Investments may also agree to terminate the Purchase Agreement by mutual written consent, provided that no termination of the Purchase Agreement will be effective during the pendency of any Market Open Purchase or any Intraday Purchase that has not then fully settled in accordance with the Purchase Agreement. Neither the Company nor Roth Principal Investments may assign or transfer any of our respective rights or obligations under the Purchase Agreement or the Registration Rights Agreement, and no provision of the Purchase Agreement (other than with respect to the Threshold Price) or the Registration Rights Agreement may be modified or waived by the Company or Roth Principal Investments from and after the date that is one trading day immediately preceding the date on which the initial Registration Statement is first filed with the SEC.

As consideration for Roth Principal Investments' commitment to purchase shares of Common Stock at the Company's direction upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Company (i) paid to Roth Principal Investments a cash "structuring fee" of $25,000, prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement, (ii) upon the execution of the Purchase Agreement, issued 223,141 shares of Common Stock (the "Commitment Shares") to Roth Principal Investments, which Commitment Shares have a total aggregate value equal to 1.08% of Roth Principal Investments' $25,000,000 total aggregate purchase commitment under the Purchase Agreement (each Commitment Share valued at $1.21 per share, representing the closing sale price of the Common Stock immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement, rounded to the nearest whole share), and (iii) agreed to pay Roth Principal Investments the Cash Commitment Fee of $180,000 (the "Cash Commitment Fee"), which Cash Commitment Fee is equal to 0.72% of Roth Principal Investments' $25,000,000 total aggregate dollar amount purchase commitment under the Purchase Agreement, on or prior to the earlier of (A) the effective date of the termination of the Purchase Agreement by us or Roth Principal Investments in accordance with its terms and (B) the 90th calendar day next following the date of execution of the Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, in certain circumstances set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Company may be required to pay Roth Principal Investments up to $270,000 (or 1.08% of Roth Principal Investments' $25,000,000 total aggregate purchase commitment under the Purchase Agreement), in cash, as a "make-whole" payment to the extent the aggregate amount of cash proceeds, if any, received by Roth Principal Investments from the resale of the Commitment Shares offered for resale under the Registration Statement, prior to certain times set forth in the Purchase Agreement, is less than $270,000, in exchange for Roth Principal Investments returning to the Company for cancelation all of the Commitment Shares originally issued to Roth Principal Investments upon execution of the Purchase Agreement that were not previously resold by Roth Principal Investments prior to the times specified in the Purchase Agreement, if any. The Company will not make any such cash "make-whole" payment to Roth Principal Investments if, after the Commencement Date, the aggregate net proceeds received by Roth Principal Investments from their resale of all or any portion of the Commitment Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement equals or exceeds $270,000.

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In addition, the Company agreed to reimburse Roth Principal Investments for the reasonable legal fees and disbursements of Roth Principal Investments' legal counsel in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement in an amount equal to $75,000, payable upon execution of the Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement. The Company also agreed to reimburse Roth Principal Investments up to $7,500 per fiscal quarter for the reasonable legal fees and disbursements of Roth Principal Investments' legal counsel in connection with quarterly and annual bring-down due diligence investigations and related matters as contemplated by the Purchase Agreement.

The Company has engaged D. Boral Capital, LLC, a registered broker-dealer and FINRA member ("D. Boral Capital"), to be the qualified independent underwriter in connection with the offering to be registered under the Registration Statement and, in such capacity, participate in the preparation of the Registration Statement and exercise the usual standards of "due diligence" with respect thereto, in order for such offering to be in full compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA"), including FINRA Rule 5121. The Company has agreed to pay directly to D. Boral Capital a cash fee of $50,000, as consideration for its services in connection with acting as the qualified independent underwriter in the offering to be registered under the Registration Statement. D. Boral Capital will receive no other compensation for acting as the qualified independent underwriter in connection with such offering.

The foregoing descriptions of the Purchase Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of such agreements, copies of which are attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1 and 10.2, respectively, and each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

Item 3.02 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities.

The information set forth in Item 1.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 3.02 in its entirety. The securities that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement are being offered and sold by the Company in a transaction exempt from registration under the Securities Act, in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) thereof and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D thereunder. Roth Principal Investments represented to the Company in the Purchase Agreement that it is an "accredited investor," as defined in Regulation D, and is acquiring the securities under the Purchase Agreement for its own account, for investment purposes and not with a view towards, or for resale in connection with, the public distribution thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities or "Blue Sky" laws. Accordingly, the offer and sale by the Company of the securities that have been or may be issued to Roth Principal Investments under the Purchase Agreement is not being registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities or "Blue Sky" laws and, therefore, such securities may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act and any applicable state securities or "Blue Sky" laws.

This Current Report on Form 8-K shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of the Company, nor shall there be any sale of any securities of the Company in any state or other jurisdiction in which such an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction.

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