Discussion focusses on global security in turbulent times

The first session, chaired by Professor Nicholas Michelsen (KCL), examined emerging security dynamics. The speakers were Victor Cha (Georgetown University), Heng Yee Kuang (Tokyo University), Jung H. Pak (U.S. Department of State, 2021-4), and Sheen Seong-ho (Seoul National University).

Participants highlighted an optimistic view of institutions and coalitions, noting that they are more adaptable and resilient than often assumed. Questions were raised about whether alliances may become smaller, with reference to precedents set during the Trump administration. The discussion also addressed the growing security and defence partnerships between Europe and Asian countries.

Within the US Department of State, there has been an increasing focus on China across multiple divisions. Speakers emphasized that security measures and alliances can no longer rely on a single channel or country. Reform of existing institutions such as expanding the G7 to include South Korea and Australia may be necessary to reflect new global governance realities. The evolving balance of power in the region was identified as a critical and sensitive issue for maintaining stability.

The second session, chaired by Dr Robyn Klingler-Vidra (KCL), focused on economic security and technological competition. The speakers included Ahn Dukgeun (Seoul National University)
Zenobia Chan (Georgetown University) and Suzuki Kazuto (Tokyo University).

Participants noted that countries were increasingly building their own industrial and technological capacities, driven by the need for self-reliance. Sharing sensitive information can create vulnerabilities, making states more cautious. A key point raised was the divergence between legal frameworks and government perspectives across countries. Significant differences in national systems, particularly regarding industry and supply chains suggest that bilateral agreements and sector-specific dialogues may be more effective than broad multilateral arrangements.

Competition between China and the United States, South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan was expected to continue. China was seen as likely to prioritize regime stability, economic growth, territorial integrity, and interest-based alliances.