What We Can Build: How Recycling Powers the U.S. Manufacturing Economy

Though he probably wouldn't have used the term "recycling," it's likely that American revolutionary Paul Revere was a recycler. According to environmental historian Carl Zimring, Revere had a recycling yard in colonial Massachusetts, and he made use of it.

"The British Crown forbade the colonies from manufacturing iron into new, finished wrought iron goods," he said. "So, Revere likely used recycled copper and turned it into new products from roofing for colonists' homes to horseshoes that may have been used in his famous ride."

His reasons, Zimring adds, were similar to those that the U.S. recycled materials industry was founded on-to power American manufacturing. That foundation has only grown since the birth of America as the industry continues to serve as an engine of U.S. manufacturing and environmental progress.

According to ReMA's new Economic Impact Study, released on Earth Day 2026, the industry plays an essential role in powering American manufacturing, strengthening supply chains, and advancing environmental sustainability.

"On Earth Day, the focus is often on what we can conserve," said ReMA President Robin Wiener. "But recycling is also about what we can build: stronger supply chains, resilient communities, and a more sustainable manufacturing future."

The report finds that the recycled materials industry:

• Generates $184 billion in annual economic activity
• Supports more than 603,000 jobs
• Contributes $21 billion in federal, state, and local tax revenue
• Operates in all 50 states

Operating in every state and in large and small communities, the recycled materials industry provides the high-quality, renewable materials manufacturers rely on to produce everything from infrastructure and vehicles to consumer goods and advanced energy technologies.

Making a National and Local Impact

Of the $184 billion the industry generates, $71 billion is generated directly at recycling businesses and the remaining $113 billion reflects the broader economic ripple-spending at suppliers, equipment manufacturers, transportation firms, and the local businesses where industry workers live and shop.

The recycled materials industry sends nearly $21 billion a year to federal, state, and local governments - funding the schools, roads, public safety, and essential services that residents in every state depend on.

That tax contribution reflects the quality of the jobs the industry creates. An industry paying workers an average of more than $100,000 generates significant tax revenue at every level of government.

Backbone of U.S. Manufacturing

"Recycling is where environmental responsibility and economic strength come together," Wiener added. "Our industry is the backbone of American manufacturing. It's hard to get through Earth Day-or any day-without using a product made with recycled material."

Nearly 70 percent of U.S. steel is produced using recycled materials. More than 75 percent of U.S. paper mills rely on recycled paper.

Recycled materials supply roughly 40 percent of the raw material inputs for U.S. manufacturing, reducing reliance on natural resources while strengthening domestic supply chains and improving global competitiveness.

Advancing a Sustainable Future

Manufacturing with recycled materials can reduce energy consumption by up to 90 percent and greenhouse gas emissions by up to 96 percent compared to using natural resources, helping manufacturers lower costs while reducing environmental impact.

As companies invest in advanced sorting technologies and artificial intelligence, recyclers can recover more material, improve quality, and meet rising demand from manufacturers.

If he could get a view into the future, Revere might be fascinated to see how U.S. recycling and the recycled materials industry have grown and continue to develop through innovation and progress all while continuing to support American manufacturing.