Supplemental Prospectus (Form 424B5)

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)

Registration No. 333-291916

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

(To Prospectus dated December 5, 2025)

Up to $7,434,266

Shares of Common Stock

Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.

We have entered into an At the Market Offering Agreement (the "ATM Agreement") with Konik Capital Partners, LLC, a division of T.R. Winston and Company, LLC ("KCP" or the "Sales Agent"), dated February 3, 2026, relating to the sale of shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share ("Common Stock"), offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the ATM Agreement, under this prospectus supplement we may offer and sell shares of our Common Stock having a maximum aggregate offering price of up to $7,434,266 from time to time through the Sales Agent.

Our shares of Common Stock are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol "AIFF". On February 2, 2026, the last reported sale price of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.86 per share.

Sales of shares of our Common Stock, if any, made through the Sales Agent, or directly to the Sales Agent, as principal, as contemplated in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, may be made via negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be "at the market offerings" as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. The Sales Agent is not required to sell any specific amount of shares of Common Stock, but will act as our sales agent using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations, on mutually agreed terms between the Sales Agent and us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

The compensation to the Sales Agent for sales of Common Stock sold pursuant to the ATM Agreement will be an amount equal to 2% of the gross proceeds of any shares of Common Stock sold under the ATM Agreement. In connection with the sale of the Common Stock on our behalf, the Sales Agent may be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of the Sales Agent may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. See "Plan of Distribution" beginning on page S-9 for additional information regarding the compensation to be paid to the Sales Agent. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the Sales Agent with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. This offering pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus will terminate upon termination by us or the Sales Agent of the ATM Agreement pursuant to its terms.

Under the terms of the ATM Agreement, we also may sell our Common Stock to the Sales Agent, as principal for its own account, at a price agreed upon at the time of sale. If we sell our Common Stock to the Sales Agent, as principal, we will enter into a separate agreement with the Sales Agent, setting forth the terms of such transaction, and we will describe the agreement in a separate prospectus supplement or pricing supplement.

As of the date of this prospectus supplement, the aggregate market value of our Common Stock held by non-affiliates, or our public float, was approximately $22,302,798 based on a total number of 14,214,082 shares of Common Stock outstanding, of which 1,396,382 shares of Common Stock were held by non-affiliates, at a price of $1.74 per share, the closing sales price of our Common Stock on December 9, 2025, which is the highest closing price of our Common Stock on the Nasdaq within the prior 60 days. We have not sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the prior 12-calendar month period that ends on and includes the date of this prospectus supplement (excluding this offering). Accordingly, based on the foregoing, we are currently eligible under General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 to offer and sell shares of our Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to approximately $7,434,266. Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3, in no event will we sell securities in a public primary offering with a value exceeding one-third of our public float in any 12-month period so long as our public float remains below $75.0 million.

We are a "smaller reporting company" under federal securities laws and as such, have elected to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, and the documents incorporated by reference herein and may elect to comply with reduced public company reporting requirements in future filings. See "Prospectus Supplement Summary - Implications of Being a Smaller Reporting Company."

Investing in our securities is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-4 of this prospectus supplement and as described in certain of the documents we may incorporate by reference herein, for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or provincial securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Konik Capital Partners

a division of T.R. Winston and Co.

The date of this prospectus supplement is February 3, 2026.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus Supplement

	Page
About This Prospectus Supplement	S-ii
Prospectus Supplement Summary	S-1
The Offering	S-3
Risk Factors	S-4
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	S-6
Use of Proceeds	S-8
Dividend Policy	S-9
Plan of Distribution	S-9
Legal Matters	S-11
Experts	S-11
Where You Can Find More Information	S-11
Documents Incorporated by Reference	S-12

Base Prospectus

	Page
About This Prospectus	ii
Prospectus Summary	1
Risk Factors	4
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	5
Use of Proceeds	6
Dividend Policy	7
Description of Capital Stock	7
Description of Debt Securities	11
Description of Warrants	19
Description of Subscription Rights	20
Description of Units	20
Plan of Distribution	21
Legal Matters	22
Experts	22
Where You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference	23

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus form a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-291916), which was declared effective on December 5, 2025, that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") utilizing a "shelf" registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we may offer and sell shares of our Common Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $7,434,266 from time to time under this prospectus supplement at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering.

We provide information to you about this offering of our Common Stock in two separate documents that are bound together: (1) this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific details regarding this offering; and (2) the accompanying base prospectus, which provides general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. Generally, when we refer to this "prospectus supplement," we are referring to both documents combined. If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying base prospectus, you should rely on this prospectus supplement. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus supplement, on the one hand, and the information contained in any document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, on the other hand, you should rely on the information in this prospectus supplement. If any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date - for example, a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement - the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.

We have not, and the Sales Agent has not, authorized anyone to provide you with information other than that contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and any free writing prospectus. We are not, and the Sales Agent is not, making an offer to sell or soliciting any offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or in which the person making that offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering in their entirety before making an investment decision.

Before buying any of the Common Stock that we are offering, we urge you to carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and all of the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, as well as the additional information described under the heading "Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference". This prospectus supplement contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading "Where You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference". These documents contain important information that you should consider when making your investment decision.

This prospectus supplement contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. See "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" appearing in this prospectus supplement and in the documents we file with the SEC that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.

For investors outside of the United States: Neither we nor the Sales Agent has done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus supplement in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus supplement must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our securities and the distribution of this prospectus supplement outside the United States.

In this prospectus supplement, unless the context indicates otherwise, "we," "us," "our," "Firefly," "the Company," "our company" and similar references refer to the operations of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation

Trademarks, Trade Names and Service Marks

We use various trademarks, trade names and service marks in our business. For convenience, we may not include the "℠", "^®" or "^™" status symbols for these marks, but such omission is not meant to indicate that we would not protect our intellectual property rights to the fullest extent allowed by law. Any other trademarks, trade names or service marks referred to in this prospectus supplement are the property of their respective owners.

Industry and Market Data

We are responsible for the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement includes or incorporates by reference industry and market data that we obtained from periodic industry publications, third-party studies and surveys, filings of public companies in our industry or internal company surveys. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. The forecasts and projections are based on historical market data, and there is no assurance that any of the forecasts or projected amounts will be achieved. Industry and market data could be wrong because of the method by which sources obtained their data and because information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties. The market and industry data used in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in or incorporated by reference into the section titled "Risk Factors", any applicable prospectus supplement, and the documents incorporated by reference herein. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the estimates made by independent parties and by us. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that a third party using different methods to assemble, analyze or compute industry and market data would obtain the same results.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our Common Stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with the other information contained in this prospectus supplement applicable to each offering of our securities pursuant to this prospectus supplement, the information set forth under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the "2024 Annual Report"), the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on each of May 14, 2025, August 13, 2025, and November 12, 2025 that are incorporated herein by reference, except to the extent that the risk factors stated therein are amended, restated and updated hereby, and in other filings we make with the SEC, before purchasing our securities. We have listed below (not necessarily in order of importance or probability of occurrence) what we believe to be the most significant risk factors applicable to us, but they do not constitute all of the risks that may be applicable to us. Any of the following factors could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects, and could result in a partial or complete loss of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus supplement and in the reports incorporated herein by reference, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section titled "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements".

Risks Relating to this Offering

Investors may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the book value per share you purchase.

The offering price per share in this offering may exceed the net tangible book value per share outstanding prior to this offering. Because the sales of the shares offered hereby will be made directly into the market, the prices at which we sell these shares will vary and these variations may be significant. Purchasers of the shares we sell, as well as holders of our existing shares, will experience significant dilution if we sell shares at prices significantly below the price at which they invested.

We have broad discretion to determine how to use the funds raised in this offering, and may use them in ways that may not enhance our operating results or the price of our Common Stock.

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of proceeds from this offering, and we could spend the proceeds from this offering in ways our stockholders may not agree with or that do not yield a favorable return, if at all. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of the proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, repayment or refinancing of debt. If we do not invest or apply the proceeds from this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.

Future sales or issuances of our Common Stock in the public markets, or the perception of such sales, could depress the trading price of our Common Stock.

The sale of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock or other equity-related securities in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our Common Stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We may sell large quantities of our Common Stock at any time pursuant to this prospectus supplement or in one or more separate offerings. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of Common Stock or other equity-related securities would have on the market price of our Common Stock.

The actual number of shares we will issue under the ATM Agreement, at any one time or in total, is uncertain.

Subject to certain limitations in the ATM Agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a sales notice to the Sales Agent at any time throughout the term of the ATM Agreement. The number of shares that are sold by the Sales Agent after delivering a sales notice will fluctuate based on the market price of our Common Stock during the sales period and limits we set with the Sales Agent. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate based on the market price of our Common Stock during the sales period, it is not possible at this stage to predict the number of shares that will be ultimately issued.

The Common Stock offered hereby will be sold in "at-the-market offerings," and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.

Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and numbers of shares sold, and there is no minimum or maximum sales price. Investors may experience a decline in the value of their shares as a result of share sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

An active trading market for our Common Stock may not be sustained and investors may not be able to resell their shares at or above the price at which they purchased them.

An active trading market for our shares of Common Stock may not be sustained. In the absence of an active trading market for our Common Stock, investors may not be able to sell their Common stock at or above the price they paid or at the time that they would like to sell. In addition, an inactive market could impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares, which, in turn, could harm our business.

You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.

In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our Common Stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Common Stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share of our Common Stock in this offering. We may sell shares of our Common Stock or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares of our Common Stock or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Common Stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors in this offering.

We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

In the past, we have not paid dividends on our Common Stock. We do not currently intend to pay dividends on our Common Stock and we intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. In addition, the terms of future debt agreements may preclude us from paying dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our Common Stock may be your sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus supplement contains, and any documents incorporated by reference herein or therein may contain, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act and Section 27A of the Securities Act that are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in, but not limited to, the section "Prospectus Supplement Summary" in this prospectus supplement, under Item 1. "Business" and Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of 2024 Annual Report, Part 1. Financial Information - Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on each of May 14, 2025, August 13, 2025, and November 12, 2025, and may be contained in future SEC reports. These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

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fluctuation and volatility in market price of our Common Stock due to market and industry factors, as well as general economic, political and market conditions;

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our ability to continue as a going concern;

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the impact of dilution on our stockholders, including through the issuance of additional equity securities in the future;

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our ability to realize the intended benefits of the Merger;

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the impact of our ability to realize the anticipated tax impact of the Merger;

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the outcome of litigation or other proceedings may become subject to in the future;

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delisting of our Common Stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market or the failure for an active trading market to develop;

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the failure of our altered business operations, strategies and focus to result in an improvement for the value of our Common Stock;

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the availability of and our ability to continue to obtain sufficient funding to conduct planned operations and realize potential profits;

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our limited operating history;

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the impact of the complexity of the regulatory landscape on our ability to seek and obtain regulatory approval for our products, both within and outside of the U.S.;

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challenges that we may face with maintaining regulatory approval, if achieved;

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the impact of the concertation of capital stock ownership with our insiders on stockholders' ability to influence corporate matters.

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the impacts of future acquisitions of businesses or products and the potential to fail to realize intended benefits of such acquisition;

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the potential impact of changes in the legal and regulatory landscape, both within and outside of the U.S.;

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our dependence on third parties;

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challenges we may face with respect to our products achieving market acceptance;

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the impact of pricing of our products;

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our ability to obtain, maintain and protect its trade secrets or other proprietary rights, operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others and prevent others from infringing on its proprietary rights;

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our ability to maintain adequate cyber security and information systems;

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our ability to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability;

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the success of our liquidity and risk management activities; and

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the risk that our significant increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "may," "could," "will," "should," "would," "expect," "plan," "intend," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "project" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus, in the 2024 Annual Report under Item 1A. "Risk Factors", the other documents incorporated by reference herein and under a similar heading in any applicable prospectus supplement, and the risks detailed from time to time in our future SEC reports or registration statements. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement and documents incorporated by reference herein relate only to events or information as of the date they are made. Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, there is no undertaking to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We may issue and sell shares of our Common Stock having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $7,434,266 from time to time, before deducting sales commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. There can be no assurance that we will be able to sell any shares under or fully utilize the ATM Agreement.

We intend to use the net proceeds, if any, from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes. Our management will have broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds of any sale of the securities. The expected use of the net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. As of the date of this prospectus supplement, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds from this offering. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the regulatory progress of our two lead products and other factors described under "Risk Factors" in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. Pending the use of the net proceeds described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds from this offering in a variety of capital preservation investments, including short- and intermediate-term, interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our Common Stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the near future. We may also enter into credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that will restrict our ability to declare or pay cash dividends on our Common Stock. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. See also Item 1A. "Risk Factors -General Risks Related To Us- We do not anticipate that we will pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future." in the 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference herein.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We have entered into an ATM Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2026, with the Sales Agent under which we may offer and sell up to $7,434,266 of our shares of Common Stock from time to time through the Sales Agent (the "ATM Facility"). Upon delivery of a placement notice to the Sales Agent and subject to the terms and conditions of the ATM Agreement, the Sales Agent may offer and sell our common stock by any method permitted by law deemed to be an "at the market offering," as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on or through Nasdaq, any other existing trading market of our Common Stock, sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or otherwise, directly to the Sales Agent, in negotiated transactions at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices, and/or in any other method permitted by law. We may instruct the Sales Agent not to sell our common stock if the sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by us from time to time. We or the Sales Agent may suspend the offering of our common stock upon notice and subject to other conditions.

Each time we wish to issue and sell our shares of Common Stock under the ATM Agreement, we will notify the Sales Agent of the number of shares to be issued, the dates on which such sales are anticipated to be made, any limitation on the number of shares to be sold in any one day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. Once we have so instructed the Sales Agent, unless the Sales Agent declines to accept the terms of such notice, the Sales Agent has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such shares up to the amount specified on such terms. The obligations of the Sales Agent under the ATM Agreement to sell our shares of Common Stock are subject to a number of conditions that we must meet.

The settlement of sales of shares between us and the Sales Agent is generally anticipated to occur on the first trading day following the date on which the sale was made. Sales of our shares of Common Stock as contemplated in this prospectus supplement will be settled through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company or by such other means as we and the Sales Agent may agree upon. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

We will pay the Sales Agent a commission of 2% of the aggregate gross proceeds we receive from each sale of our shares of Common Stock. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. In addition, we have agreed to reimburse the Sales Agent for the fees and costs of its legal counsel reasonably incurred in connection with entering into the transactions contemplated by the ATM Agreement in an amount not to exceed $50,000 in the aggregate, and up to an additional $5,000 per due diligence update session (and in no event more than $20,000 per fiscal year) for maintenance of the ATM Facility. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding any commissions or expense reimbursement payable to the Sales Agent under the terms of the ATM Agreement, will be approximately $175,000. The remaining sale proceeds, after deducting any other transaction fees, will equal our net proceeds from the sale of such shares.

Under the terms of the ATM Agreement, we also may sell our Common Stock to the Sales Agent as principal for its own account at a price agreed upon at the time of sale. The Sales Agent may offer our Common Stock sold to it as principal from time to time through public or private transactions at a price agreed upon at the time of sale. If we sell our Common Stock to the Sales Agent as principal, we will enter into a separate agreement setting forth the terms of such transaction, and, to the extent required by applicable law, we will describe that separate agreement in a separate prospectus supplement or pricing supplement.

In connection with the sale of our Common Stock on our behalf, the Sales Agent may be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act, and the compensation of the Sales Agent may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to indemnify the Sales Agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. We have also agreed to contribute to payments the Sales Agent may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.

The offering of shares of Common Stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all shares of Common Stock subject to the ATM Agreement and this prospectus supplement and (ii) the termination of the ATM Agreement according to its terms by either the Sales Agent or us.

This offering of shares of our Common Stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement will terminate upon termination of the ATM Agreement as permitted therein. We and the Sales Agent may each terminate the ATM Agreement as provided therein.

This summary of the material provisions of the ATM Agreement does not purport to be a complete statement of its terms and conditions. A copy of the ATM Agreement is filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part. See "Where You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference," elsewhere in this prospectus supplement.

The Sales Agent and its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking, financial advisory and other financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they may in the future receive customary fees. In the course of its business, the Sales Agent may actively trade our securities for its own account or for the accounts of customers, and, accordingly, the Sales Agent may at any time hold long or short positions in such securities. However, except as disclosed in this prospectus supplement, we have no present arrangements with the placement agent for any further services.

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the Sales Agent that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus come are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

To the extent required by Regulation M, the Sales Agent will not engage in any market making activities involving our Common Stock while the offering is ongoing under this prospectus supplement.

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus in electronic format may be made available on a website maintained by the Sales Agent and the Sales Agent may distribute this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus electronically.

LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Bevilacqua PLLC. The Sales Agent is being represented in connection with this offering by Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP.

EXPERTS

The financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by CBIZ Canada, LLP (formally Marcum Canada, LLP), independent registered public accounting firm, and the financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by Turner, Stone & Company LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding companies, such as ours, that file documents electronically with the SEC. The website address is https://www.sec.gov. Copies of certain information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website at https://www.fireflyneuro.com. Information accessible on or through our website is not a part of this prospectus supplement.

This prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. You should review the information and exhibits in the registration statement for further information on us and the securities that we are offering. Statements in this prospectus supplement about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should read the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters.

Incorporation by Reference

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference much of the information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those publicly available documents. The information that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus supplement is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement. Because we are incorporating by reference future filings with the SEC, this prospectus supplement is continually updated and those future filings may modify or supersede some of the information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement. This means that you must look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any of the statements in this prospectus supplement or in any document previously incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. This prospectus supplement incorporates by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (in each case, other than those documents or the portions of those documents furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K and, except as may be noted in any such Form 8-K, exhibits filed on such form that are related to such information), including after the date of the initial registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part was filed and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part, until the offering of the securities under the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement forms a part is terminated:

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our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2025;

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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on November 12, 2025;

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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 13, 2025;

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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 14, 2025;

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our Current Reports on Form 8-K (and any amendments thereto on Form 8-K/A) filed with the SEC December 19, 2025, October 31, 2025, September 5, 2025, June 16, 2025, May 5, 2025, April 24, 2025, April 1, 2025, March 12, 2025, February 14, 2025, and January 6, 2025 (other than information furnished and not filed); and

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The description of the Registrant's common stock contained in Exhibit 4.1 to the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2025, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

Any statement made in a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement.

We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus supplement is delivered, at no cost, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. Requests should be directed to Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., Attn: Secretary, 1100 Military Road, Kenmore, NY 14217, or by calling us at (888) 237-6412.

PROSPECTUS

$250,000,000

Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Warrants

Subscription Rights

Units

We may issue securities from time to time in one or more offerings, in amounts, at prices and on terms determined at the time of offering. This prospectus describes the general terms of these securities and the general manner in which these securities will be offered. We will provide the specific terms of these securities in supplements to this prospectus, which will also describe the specific manner in which these securities will be offered and may also supplement, update or amend information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement before you invest. The aggregate offering price of the securities we sell pursuant to this prospectus will not exceed $250,000,000.

These securities may be sold on a continuous or delayed basis directly to or through agents, dealers or underwriters as designated from time to time, or through a combination of these methods. If agents, underwriters or dealers are used to sell the securities, we will name them and describe their compensation in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of those securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from that sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement. See the sections of this prospectus entitled "About this Prospectus" and "Plan of Distribution" for more information.

Our shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share ("common stock"), are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market tier of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, or the Nasdaq Capital Market, under the symbol "AIFF". On December 2, 2025, the last reported sale price of our common stock on Nasdaq was $1.61 per share. Each prospectus supplement will indicate whether the securities offered thereby will be listed on any securities exchange.

Pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3, in no event will we sell securities in primary offerings pursuant to this prospectus with a value more than one-third of the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates in any twelve-month period, so long as the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $75.0 million. In addition, in the event that subsequent to the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates equals or exceeds $75.0 million, then the one-third limitation on primary offerings shall not apply to additional sales made pursuant to this prospectus. We have not sold any securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6. of Form S-3 during the prior twelve calendar month period that ends on, and includes, the date of this prospectus.

Investing in our securities is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 4 of this prospectus, in any applicable prospectus supplement and as described in certain of the documents we may incorporate by reference herein, for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or provincial securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is , 2025.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
About This Prospectus	ii
Prospectus Summary	1
Risk Factors	4
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	5
Use of Proceeds	6
Dividend Policy	7
Description of Capital Stock	7
Description of Debt Securities	11
Description of Warrants	19
Description of Subscription Rights	20
Description of Units	20
Plan of Distribution	21
Legal Matters	22
Experts	22
Where You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference	23

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") utilizing a "shelf" registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer and sell, from time to time, in one or more offerings, up to $250,000,000 of our common stock.

We may file one or more prospectus supplements, or, if appropriate, post-effective amendments, to accompany this prospectus to add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. Each time we offer securities, we will provide you with this prospectus and a prospectus supplement, or post-effective amendment, if applicable, that will describe, among other things, the specific amounts and prices and terms of the shares of the securities being offered. If the information varies between this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement, or post-effective amendment, if any, you should rely on the information in the accompanying prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to the offering. You should read both this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, if any, and any free writing prospectus together with the additional information described under "Where You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference". You should also carefully consider, among other things, the matters discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" herein, and the accompanying prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, if any, and any related free writing prospectus, and under similar headings in any other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and the accompanying prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, if any, and any related free writing prospectus.

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the heading "Where You Can Find More Information; Documents Incorporated by Reference".

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment or free-writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement, and any free writing prospectus we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. Offers to sell, and solicitations of offers to buy, shares of our common stock are being made only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since the date of this prospectus.

We may sell the securities to or through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers. The securities may be sold for U.S. dollars, foreign-denominated currency, currency units or composite currencies. Amounts payable with respect to any securities may be payable in U.S. dollars or foreign-denominated currency, currency units or composite currencies as specified in the applicable prospectus supplement. We and our agents reserve the sole right to accept or reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of the securities. The prospectus supplement, which we will provide each time we offer the securities, will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of the securities, and any related fee, commission or discount arrangements. See "Plan of Distribution" beginning on page 21 of this prospectus.

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. See "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" appearing in this prospectus and in the documents we file with the SEC that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

For investors outside of the United States: We have not done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our securities and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.

In this prospectus, unless the context indicates otherwise, "we," "us," "our," "Firefly," "the Company," "our company" and similar references refer to the operations of Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

Trademarks, Trade Names and Service Marks

We use various trademarks, trade names and service marks in our business. For convenience, we may not include the "℠", "^®" or "^™" status symbols for these marks, but such omission is not meant to indicate that we would not protect our intellectual property rights to the fullest extent allowed by law. Any other trademarks, trade names or service marks referred to in this prospectus and prospectus supplement are the property of their respective owners.

Industry and Market Data

We are responsible for the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This prospectus includes or incorporates by reference industry and market data that we obtained from periodic industry publications, third-party studies and surveys, filings of public companies in our industry or internal company surveys. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. The forecasts and projections are based on historical market data, and there is no assurance that any of the forecasts or projected amounts will be achieved. Industry and market data could be wrong because of the method by which sources obtained their data and because information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties. The market and industry data used in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in or incorporated by reference into the section titled "Risk Factors", any applicable prospectus supplement, and the documents incorporated by reference herein. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the estimates made by independent parties and by us. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that a third party using different methods to assemble, analyze or compute industry and market data would obtain the same results.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. The prospectus supplement applicable to each offering of our securities will contain a discussion of the risks applicable to an investment in our securities. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under the section in the applicable prospectus supplement titled "Risk Factors," together with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should also consider the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (the "2024 Annual Report"), the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on each of May 14, 2025, August 13, 2025, and November 12, 2025 that are incorporated herein by reference, as may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. Some statements in this prospectus and in the reports incorporated herein by reference constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section titled "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements".

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains, and any prospectus supplement or documents incorporated by reference herein or therein may contain, forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act and Section 27A of the Securities Act that are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in, but not limited to, the section "Prospectus Summary" in this prospectus, under Item 1. "Business" and Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of the 2024Annual Report, Part 1. Financial Information - Item 2. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on each of May 14, 2025, August 13, 2025, and November 12, 2025, and may be contained in our prospectus supplements or future SEC reports. These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:

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fluctuation and volatility in market price of our common stock due to market and industry factors, as well as general economic, political and market conditions;

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our ability to continue as a going concern;

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the impact of dilution on our stockholders, including through the issuance of additional equity securities in the future;

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our ability to realize the intended benefits of the Merger;

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the impact of our ability to realize the anticipated tax impact of the Merger;

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the impact of our ability to realize the anticipated tax impact of acquisition of Evoke Neuroscience, Inc.;

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the outcome of litigation or other proceedings may become subject to in the future;

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delisting of our common stock from the Nasdaq Capital Market or the failure for an active trading market to develop;

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the failure of our altered business operations, strategies and focus to result in an improvement for the value of our common stock;

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the availability of and our ability to continue to obtain sufficient funding to conduct planned operations and realize potential profits;

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our limited operating history;

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the impact of the complexity of the regulatory landscape on our ability to seek and obtain regulatory approval for our products, both within and outside of the U.S.;

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challenges that we may face with maintaining regulatory approval, if achieved;

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the impact of the concertation of capital stock ownership with our insiders on stockholders' ability to influence corporate matters.

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the impacts of future acquisitions of businesses or products and the potential to fail to realize intended benefits of such acquisition;

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the potential impact of changes in the legal and regulatory landscape, both within and outside of the U.S.;

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our dependence on third parties;

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challenges we may face with respect to our products achieving market acceptance;

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the impact of pricing of our products;

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our ability to obtain, maintain and protect its trade secrets or other proprietary rights, operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others and prevent others from infringing on its proprietary rights;

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our ability to maintain adequate cyber security and information systems;

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our ability to generate sufficient revenue to achieve and sustain profitability;

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our treasury strategy and related liquidity and risk management activities; and

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the risk that our significant increased expenses and administrative burdens as a public company could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "may," "could," "will," "should," "would," "expect," "plan," "intend," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "project" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the heading "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus, in the 2024 Annual Report, the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on each of May 14, 2025, August 13, 2025, and November 12, 2025 under Item 1A. "Risk Factors", the other documents incorporated by reference herein and under a similar heading in any applicable prospectus supplement, and the risks detailed from time to time in our future SEC reports or registration statements. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement and documents incorporated by reference herein relate only to events or information as of the date they are made. Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, there is no undertaking to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Except as described in any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus in connection with a specific offering, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by us under this prospectus for treasury strategy and working capital and general corporate purposes. Our management will have broad discretion in the allocation of the net proceeds and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds of any sale of the securities. Any specific allocation of the net proceeds of an offering of securities to a specific purpose will be determined at the time of such offering and will be described in the related prospectus supplement.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the near future. We may also enter into credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that will restrict our ability to declare or pay cash dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. See also Item 1A. "Risk Factors -General Risks Related To Us- We do not anticipate that we will pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future." in the 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference herein.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The description of our authorized capital stock and our outstanding securities as of the date of the filing of the 2024 Annual Report is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the 2024 Annual Report, and supplemented or updated as follows:

General

Authorized and Outstanding Stock

Our authorized capital stock consists of 5,001,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of (i) 5,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

As of December 2, 2025, there were 13,492,928 shares of common stock, and owned by 356 stockholders of record, which does not include holders whose shares are held in nominee or "street name" accounts through banks, brokers or other financial institutions, and no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

Dividend Rights

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (the "Bylaws"), dividends upon the capital stock, subject to applicable law, if any, may be declared by the board of directors. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of capital stock or other securities, subject to the provisions of applicable law.

Voting Rights

Each outstanding share of common stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote on each matter properly submitted to the stockholders for their vote; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of common stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Charter (including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of preferred stock) that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock if the holders of such affected series of preferred stock are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more other such series of preferred stock, to vote thereon pursuant to applicable law or the certificate of incorporation (the "Charter") amended and restated from time to time (including any certificate of designation filed with respect to any series of preferred stock).

No Preemptive or Similar Rights

Holders of our common stock do not have preemptive rights, and common stock is not convertible or redeemable.

Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions

Subject to the prior or equal rights, if any, of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock duly created hereafter, the holders of common stock shall be entitled (in the event of any dissolution. liquidation or winding-up, whether voluntary or involuntary (sometimes referred to herein as a liquidation), after payment or provision for payment of the debts and other liabilities, to receive our remaining assets, ratably according to the number of shares of common stock held.

Preferred Stock

The Charter authorizes the board of directors to provide for the issue of all or any of the unissued and undesignated shares of the preferred stock, in one or more series, and to fix the number of shares of such series and to determine or alter for each such series, such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designation, preferences, and relative, participating, optional, or other rights and such qualifications, limitations, or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated and expressed in the resolution or resolutions adopted by the board of directors providing for the issuance of such shares and as may be permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law ("DGCL").

As of December 2, 2025, we have no shares of preferred stock outstanding.

Warrants

Legacy WaveDancer Warrants

The following warrants were issued by WaveDancer prior to the consummation of the Merger.

August 2021 Warrants

On August 26, 2021, WaveDancer sold 140,000 shares of its common stock, and for each share purchased, purchasers were issued a warrant granting the right to purchase an additional share of common stock at a price of $30.00 per share, with the warrants expiring on August 31, 2026. 140,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants in connection with the offering have been reserved for issuance.

Series A Warrants

On December 10, 2021, WaveDancer sold in a private placement offering from which it raised aggregate gross proceeds of $10,000,000, 328,987 units resulting in the issuance of a like number of shares of common stock and 65,802 Series A warrants exercisable for a like number of shares of common stock. The warrants are exercisable at a price of $45.00 per share, with the warrants exercisable from January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2026. If the shares underlying the warrants are not registered when the warrants become exercisable, the warrants can be exercised on a cashless basis. The warrants are subject to redemption at a price of $0.01 per warrant, if commencing January 1, 2024, the volume weighted average price per share for 10 consecutive trading days equals or exceeds $125.00. WaveDancer reserves the right to require the warrants to be exercised on a cashless basis following any notice of redemption.

Legacy Firefly Warrants

At the effective time of the Merger, each holder of a Firefly warrant shall be entitled to receive (and such holder shall accept) upon the exercise of such holder's warrants, in lieu of Firefly Common Stock to which such holder was theretofore entitled upon such exercise, and for the same aggregate consideration payable therefor, that number of shares of WaveDancer common stock which the holder would have been entitled to receive as a result of the merger if, immediately prior to the effective time of the merger, such holder had been the registered holder of the number of shares of Firefly Common Stock to which such holder would have been entitled if such holder had exercised such holder's warrants immediately prior to the effective time of the merger. Each Firefly warrant shall continue to be governed by and be subject to the terms of the applicable warrant following the effective time of the merger.

The following is a description of the material terms of the classes of warrants following the consummation of the Merger. However, share amounts underlying the warrants and related exercise price disclosed below do not reflect the application of the Exchange Ratio, which is necessary to determine the number of shares of WaveDancer Common Stock which the holder would be entitled to receive as a result of the Merger.

Series C Warrants

Between October 17, 2023 and December 21, 2023, the Company issued to certain holders Series C warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,538,132 shares of common stock (the "Series C Warrants"). The Series C Warrants have an exercise price of $2.56 per share (subject to adjustment from time to time in accordance with the terms of the Series C Warrant), is exercisable immediately upon issuance and expires at 4:30 p.m. (New York time) three years following the initial date of issuance.

March 2025 Units Offering Warrants

In connection with the units offering ("March 2025 Units Offering") pursuant to the private placement subscription agreement, dated as of March 28, 2025, by and between the Company and certain subscribers (the "Subscribers"), under which the Company sold 547,737 of units (each a "March 2025 Unit" and, collectively the "March 2025 Units"), at a purchase price of $3.00 per Unit (the "March 2025 Units Offering"), we issued warrants to purchase 547,737 common stock over thirty-six (36) months at an exercise price of $4.00 per share ("March 2025 Units Offering Warrants"), to the Subscribers.

In connection with the March 2025 Units Offering, we entered into a finder's fee agreement with Canaccord Genuity Corp. ("Canaccord"), dated as of January 31, 2025, pursuant to which the Company will pay Canaccord at the closing of the March 2025 Units Offering (i) a payment of up to 7.5% of the gross proceeds raised from subscriptions in the March 2025 Units Offering from persons introduced to the Company by Canaccord, payable in cash; and (ii) the issuance of the Finder's Warrants (as defined blow) to Canaccord of up to 7.5% of the March 2025 Units subscribed for by person introduced to the Company by Canaccord. Each Finder's Warrant will be exercisable to purchase one additional Common Stock at $4.00 per share for a period of 36 months from the closing of the March 2025 Units Offering.

In connection with the March 2025 Units Offering, we entered into a finder's fee agreement with Research Capital Corporation ("Research Capital"), dated as of February 3, 2025, pursuant to which the Company will pay Research Capital at the closing of the March 2025 Units Offering (i) a payment of up to 7.5% of the gross proceeds raised from subscriptions in the March 2025 Units Offering from persons introduced to the Company by Research Capital, payable in cash; and (ii) the issuance of the Finder's Warrant of the Company to Research Capital of up to 7.5% of the March 2025 Units subscribed for by person introduced to the Company by Research Capital. Each Finder's Warrant will be exercisable to purchase one additional Common Stock at $3.00 per share for a period of 3 years from the date of issuance of such Finder's Warrant.

Firefly issued warrants to purchase 25,958 shares of common stock (the "Finder's Warrants") to Canaccord and Research Capital, pursuant to the above finder's fee agreements.

June 2025 Units Offering Pre-Funded Warrant, $3.50 Warrants, and $4.00 Warrants

In connection with the units offering (the "June 2025 Units Offering") pursuant to the securities purchase agreement, dated as of June 16, 2025, by and between the Company and certain investors (the "June 205 Units Offering InvestorS"), under which the Company sold 400,000 of units (each a "June 2025 Unit" and, collectively the "June 2025 Units"), at a purchase price of $3.00 per June 2025 Unit, the Company issued prefunded warrant to purchase shares of common stock at a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per share (the "June 2025 Pre-Funded Warrant"), to the extent that acquiring the shares of common stock instead of the June 2025 Units Offering Pre-Funded Warrant would have caused the investors to own in excess of 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock on a post-issuance basis.

These warrants are exercisable at any time from the initial exercise date until exercised in full, and may be exercised on a cashless basis if there is no effective registration statement covering the issuance of the underlying shares. The warrants are subject to standard anti-dilution adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations, and similar corporate events. A beneficial ownership limitation restricts the holder from exercising the warrant to the extent that, after such exercise, the holder (together with its affiliates and certain related parties) would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock, unless the holder elects to increase this limit (up to 9.99%) with at least sixty-one (61) days' prior written notice to Firefly. The warrants are transferable, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, and provide for adjustment in the event of certain fundamental transactions, such as mergers or sales of substantially all assets, ensuring the holder receives equivalent value in the successor entity.

In connection with the June 2025 Unites Offering, the Company also issued the warrants to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price of $3.50 per share (the "$3.50 Warrants") and the warrants to purchase shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.00 per share (the "4.00 Warrants"), to the June 2025 Units Offering Investors. These warrants are exercisable at any time from the initial exercise date until the fifth anniversary of such date, and may be exercised in whole or in part. If a registration statement is not effective for the resale of the underlying shares, the warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis, allowing the holder to receive a net number of shares based on the market price and the exercise price. The warrants include a beneficial ownership limitation, generally set at 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock post-exercise, which may be increased by the holder up to 9.99% with sixty-one (61) days' prior notice to the Company. These warrants are transferable, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, and provide for adjustments in the event of fundamental transactions, such as mergers or asset sales, to ensure the holder receives equivalent value in the successor entity.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent for our Common Stock is Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, LLC, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717.

Listing of Common Stock

Our common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol "AIFF."

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

The following is a summary of the general terms of the debt securities that we may issue. We will file a prospectus supplement that may contain additional terms when we issue debt securities. The terms presented here, together with the terms in a related prospectus supplement, will be a description of the material terms of the debt securities. You should also read the indenture under which the debt securities are to be issued. We have filed a form of indenture governing different types of debt securities with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. All capitalized terms have the meanings specified in the indenture.

We may issue, from time to time, debt securities, in one or more series, that will consist of senior debt, senior subordinated debt or subordinated debt. We refer to the subordinated debt securities and the senior subordinated debt securities together as the subordinated securities. The debt securities that we may offer will be issued under an indenture between us and an entity, identified in the applicable prospectus supplement, as trustee. Debt securities, whether senior, senior subordinated or subordinated, may be issued as convertible debt securities or exchangeable debt securities. The following is a summary of the material provisions of the indenture filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

As you read this section, please remember that for each series of debt securities, the specific terms of your debt security as described in the applicable prospectus supplement will supplement and, if applicable, may modify or replace the general terms described in the summary below. The statement we make in this section may not apply to your debt security. Prospective investors should rely on information in the applicable prospectus supplement and not on the following information to the extent that the information in such prospectus supplement is different from the following information.

General Terms of the Indenture

The indenture does not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. It provides that we may issue debt securities up to the principal amount that we may authorize and may be in any currency or currency unit that we may designate. We may, without the consent of the holders of any series, increase the principal amount of securities in that series in the future, on the same terms and conditions and with the same CUSIP numbers as that series. Except for the limitations on consolidation, merger and sale of all or substantially all of our assets contained in the indenture, the terms of the indenture do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us.

We may issue the debt securities issued under the indenture as "discount securities," which means they may be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount. These debt securities, as well as other debt securities that are not issued at a discount, may be issued with "original issue discount", or OID, for U.S. federal income tax purposes because of interest payment and other characteristics. Material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities issued with original issue discount will be described in more detail in any applicable prospectus supplement.

The applicable prospectus supplement for a series of debt securities that we issue will describe, among other things, the following terms of the offered debt securities:

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the title and authorized denominations of the series of debt securities;

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any limit on the aggregate principal amount of the series of debt securities;

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whether such debt securities will be issued in fully registered form without coupons or in a form registered as to principal only with coupons or in bearer form with coupons;

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whether issued in the form of one or more global securities and whether all or a portion of the principal amount of the debt securities is represented thereby;

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the price or prices at which the debt securities will be issued;

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the date or dates on which principal is payable;

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the place or places where and the manner in which principal, premium or interest, if any, will be payable and the place or places where the debt securities may be presented for transfer and, if applicable, conversion or exchange;

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interest rates, and the dates from which interest, if any, will accrue, and the dates when interest is payable and the maturity;

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the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of the extensions;

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our rights or obligations to redeem or purchase the debt securities;

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any sinking fund or other provisions that would obligate us to repurchase or otherwise redeem some or all of the debt securities;

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conversion or exchange provisions, if any, including conversion or exchange prices or rates and adjustments thereto;

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the currency or currencies of payment of principal or interest;

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the terms applicable to any debt securities issued at a discount from their stated principal amount;

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the terms, if any, under which any debt securities will rank junior to any of our other debt;

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whether and upon what terms the debt securities may be defeased, if different from the provisions set forth in the indenture;

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if the amount of payments of principal or interest is to be determined by reference to an index or formula, or based on a coin or currency other than that in which the debt securities are stated to be payable, the manner in which these amounts are determined and the calculation agent, if any, with respect thereto;

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the provisions, if any, relating to any collateral provided for the debt securities;

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if other than the entire principal amount of the debt securities when issued, the portion of the principal amount payable upon acceleration of maturity as a result of a default on our obligations;

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the events of default and covenants relating to the debt securities that are in addition to, modify or delete those described in this prospectus;

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the nature and terms of any security for any secured debt securities; and

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any other specific terms of any debt securities.

The applicable prospectus supplement will present material U.S. federal income tax considerations for holders of any debt securities and the securities exchange or quotation system on which any debt securities are to be listed or quoted.

Senior Debt Securities

Payment of the principal of, premium and interest, if any, on senior debt securities will rank on a parity with all of our other secured/unsecured and unsubordinated debt.

Senior Subordinated Debt Securities

Payment of the principal of, premium and interest, if any, on senior subordinated debt securities will be junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our unsubordinated debt, including senior debt securities and any credit facility. We will state in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any senior subordinated debt securities the subordination terms of the securities as well as the aggregate amount of outstanding debt, as of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the senior subordinated debt securities. We will also state in such prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of additional senior debt.

Subordinated Debt Securities

Payment of the principal of, premium and interest, if any, on subordinated debt securities will be subordinated and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our senior debt, including our senior debt securities and senior subordinated debt securities. We will state in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any subordinated debt securities the subordination terms of the securities as well as the aggregate amount of outstanding indebtedness, as of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the subordinated debt securities. We will also state in such prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of additional senior indebtedness.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

Debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for other securities being registered in this registration statement, including, for example, shares of our equity securities. The terms and conditions of conversion or exchange will be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms will include, among others, the following:

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the conversion or exchange price;

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the conversion or exchange period;

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provisions regarding the ability of us or the holder to convert or exchange the debt securities;

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events requiring adjustment to the conversion or exchange price; and

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provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of our redemption of the debt securities.

Consolidation, Merger or Sale

We cannot consolidate or merge with or into, or transfer or lease all or substantially all of our assets to, any person, and we cannot permit any other person to consolidate with or merge into us, unless (1) we will be the continuing corporation or (2) the successor corporation or person to which our assets are transferred or leased is a corporation organized under the laws of the United States, any state of the United States or the District of Columbia and it expressly assumes our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture. In addition, we cannot complete such a transaction unless immediately after completing the transaction, no event of default under the indenture, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an event of default under the indenture, shall have occurred and be continuing. When the person to whom our assets are transferred or leased has assumed our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture, we shall be discharged from all our obligations under the debt securities and the indenture except in limited circumstances.

This covenant would not apply to any recapitalization transaction, a change of control of us or a highly leveraged transaction, unless the transaction or change of control were structured to include a merger or consolidation or transfer or lease of all or substantially all of our assets.

Events of Default

The term "Event of Default," when used in the indenture, unless otherwise indicated, means any of the following:

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failure to pay interest for 30 days after the date payment is due and payable;

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failure to pay principal or premium, if any, on any debt security when due, either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise;

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failure to make sinking fund payments when due;

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failure to perform other covenants for 60 days after notice that performance was required;

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events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization relating to us; or

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any other Event of Default provided in the applicable officer's certificate, resolution of our board of directors or the supplemental indenture under which we issue a series of debt securities.

An Event of Default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an Event of Default for any other series of debt securities issued under the indenture.

If an Event of Default with respect to any series of senior debt securities occurs and is continuing, then either the trustee for such series or the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series, by notice in writing, may declare the principal amount of and interest on all of the debt securities of such series to be due and payable immediately; provided, however, unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, if such an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to more than one series of senior debt securities under the indenture, the trustee for such series or the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of all such series of senior debt securities of equal ranking (or, if any of such senior debt securities are discount securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series), voting as one class, may make such declaration of acceleration as to all series of such equal ranking and not the holders of the debt securities of any one of such series of senior debt securities.

If an Event of Default with respect to any series of subordinated securities occurs and is continuing, then either the trustee for such series or the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series, by notice in writing, may declare the principal amount of and interest on all of the debt securities of such series to be due and payable immediately; provided, however, unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, if such an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to more than one series of subordinated securities under the indenture, the trustee for such series or the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of all such series of subordinated securities of equal ranking (or, if any of such subordinated securities are discount securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of that series), voting as one class, may make such declaration of acceleration as to all series of equal ranking and not the holders of the debt securities of any one of such series of subordinated securities. The holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of all affected series of equal ranking may, after satisfying certain conditions, rescind and annul any of the above-described declarations and consequences involving such series.

If an Event of Default relating to events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of us occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all of the debt securities outstanding, and any accrued interest, will automatically become due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act by the trustee or any holder.

The indenture imposes limitations on suits brought by holders of debt securities against us. Except for actions for payment of overdue principal or interest, no holder of debt securities of any series may institute any action against us under the indenture unless:

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the holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of default and continuance of such default;

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the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series of equal ranking have requested that the trustee institute the action;

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the requesting holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity for expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by bringing the action;

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the trustee has not instituted the action within 60 days of the request; and

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the trustee has not received inconsistent direction by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series of equal ranking.

We will be required to file annually with the trustee a certificate, signed by one of our officers, stating whether or not the officer knows of any default by us in the performance, observance or fulfillment of any condition or covenant of the indenture.

Registered Global Securities and Book Entry System

The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in book-entry form and may be represented by one or more fully registered global securities or in unregistered form with or without coupons. We will deposit any registered global securities with a depositary or with a nominee for a depositary identified in the applicable prospectus supplement and registered in the name of such depositary or nominee. In such case, we will issue one or more registered global securities denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of all of the debt securities of the series to be issued and represented by such registered global security or securities. This means that we will not issue certificates to each holder.

Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole:

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by the depositary for such registered global security to its nominee;

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by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary; or

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by the depositary or its nominee to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of the successor.

The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities will describe the specific terms of the depositary arrangement involving any portion of the series represented by a registered global security. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements for registered debt securities:

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ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for such registered global security, these persons being referred to as "participants," or persons that may hold interests through participants;

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upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary for the registered global security will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants' accounts with the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by the registered global security beneficially owned by the participants;

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any dealers, underwriters, or agents participating in the distribution of the debt securities represented by a registered global security will designate the accounts to be credited; and

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ownership of beneficial interest in such registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of such ownership interest will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for such registered global security for interests of participants, and on the records of participants for interests of persons holding through participants.

The laws of some states may require that specified purchasers of securities take physical delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may limit the ability of those persons to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.

So long as the depositary for a registered global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of such registered global security, the depositary or such nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as stated below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security:

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will not be entitled to have the debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in their names;

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will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the debt securities in the definitive form; and

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will not be considered the owners or holders of the debt securities under the relevant indenture.

Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the registered global security and, if the person is not a participant, on the procedures of a participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture.

We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the indenture, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take the action, and the participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through the participants to give or take the action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.

We will make payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owners of the registered global security. None of us, the trustee or any other agent of ours or the trustee will be responsible or liable for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.

We expect that the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, in respect of the registered global security, will immediately credit participants' accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that standing customer instructions and customary practices will govern payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in the registered global security held through the participants, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in "street name." We also expect that any of these payments will be the responsibility of the participants.

If the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or stops being a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, we will appoint an eligible successor depositary. If we fail to appoint an eligible successor depositary within 90 days, we will issue the debt securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole discretion decide not to have any of the debt securities of a series represented by one or more registered global securities. In that event, we will issue debt securities of the series in a definitive form in exchange for all of the registered global securities representing the debt securities. The trustee will register any debt securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a registered global security in the name or names as the depositary, based upon instructions from its participants, shall instruct the trustee.

We may also issue bearer debt securities of a series in the form of one or more global securities, referred to as "bearer global securities". The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities represented by a bearer global security will describe the applicable terms and procedures. These will include the specific terms of the depositary arrangement and any specific procedures for the issuance of debt securities in definitive form in exchange for a bearer global security, in proportion to the series represented by a bearer global security.

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

We can discharge or decrease our obligations under the indenture as stated below.

We may discharge obligations to holders of any series of debt securities that have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and that have either become due and payable or are by their terms to become due and payable, or are scheduled for redemption, within sixty (60) days. We may effect a discharge by irrevocably depositing with the trustee cash or U.S. government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be enough to pay when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of, premium and interest, if any, on the debt securities and any mandatory sinking fund payments.

Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may also discharge any and all of our obligations to holders of any series of debt securities at any time, which we refer to as defeasance. We may also be released from the obligations imposed by any covenants of any outstanding series of debt securities and provisions of the indenture, and we may omit to comply with those covenants without creating an event of default under the trust declaration, which we refer to as covenant defeasance. We may effect defeasance and covenant defeasance only if, among other things:

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we irrevocably deposit with the trustee cash or U.S. government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be enough to pay at maturity, or upon redemption, the principal, premium and interest, if any, on all outstanding debt securities of the series;

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we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel from a nationally recognized law firm to the effect that the holders of the series of debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance or covenant defeasance and that defeasance or covenant defeasance will not otherwise alter the holders' U.S. federal income tax treatment of principal, premium and interest, if any, payments on the series of debt securities; and

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in the case of subordinated debt securities, no event or condition shall exist that, based on the subordination provisions applicable to the series, would prevent us from making payments of principal of, premium and interest, if any, on any of the applicable subordinated debt securities at the date of the irrevocable deposit referred to above or at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the deposit date.

In the case of a defeasance by us, the opinion we deliver must be based on a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service issued, or a change in U.S. federal income tax law occurring, after the date of the indenture, since such a result would not occur under the U.S. federal income tax laws in effect on such date.

Although we may discharge or decrease our obligations under the indenture as described in the two preceding paragraphs, we may not avoid, among other things, our duty to register the transfer or exchange of any series of debt securities, to replace any temporary, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen series of debt securities or to maintain an office or agency in respect of any series of debt securities.

Modification of the Indenture

The indenture provides that we and the trustee may enter into supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of debt securities to:

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secure any debt securities and provide the terms and conditions for the release or substitution of the security;

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evidence the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations;

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add covenants for the protection of the holders of debt securities;

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add any additional events of default;

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cure any ambiguity or correct any inconsistency or defect in the indenture;

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add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of the indenture in a manner that will become effective only when there is no outstanding debt security which is entitled to the benefit of the provision as to which the modification would apply;

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establish the forms or terms of debt securities of any series;

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eliminate any conflict between the terms of the indenture and the Trust Indenture Act of 1939;

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evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee and add to or change any of the provisions of the indenture as is necessary for the administration of the trusts by more than one trustee; and

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make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the indenture that will not be inconsistent with any provision of the indenture as long as the new provisions do not adversely affect the interests of the holders of any outstanding debt securities of any series created prior to the modification.

The indenture also provides that we and the trustee may, with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of all series of senior debt securities or of Subordinated Securities of equal ranking, as the case may be, then outstanding and affected, voting as one class, add any provisions to, or change in any manner, eliminate or modify in any way the provisions of, the indenture or modify in any manner the rights of the holders of the debt securities. We and the trustee may not, however, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security affected thereby:

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extend the final maturity of any debt security;

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reduce the principal amount or premium, if any;

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reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest;

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reduce any amount payable on redemption or impair or affect any right of redemption at the option of the holder of the debt security;

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change the currency in which the principal, premium or interest, if any, is payable;

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reduce the amount of the principal of any debt security issued with an original issue discount that is payable upon acceleration or provable in bankruptcy;

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alter provisions of the relevant indenture relating to the debt securities not denominated in U.S. dollars;

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impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on any debt security when due;

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if applicable, adversely affect the right of a holder to convert or exchange a debt security; or

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reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities of any series whose consent is required for any modification of the indenture.

The indenture provides that the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding debt securities of any and all affected series of equal ranking, by notice to the relevant trustee, may on behalf of the holders of the debt securities of any and all such series of equal ranking waive any default and its consequences under the indenture except:

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a continuing default in the payment of interest on, premium, if any, or principal of, any such debt security held by a non-consenting holder; or

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a default in respect of a covenant or provision of the indenture that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of each series affected.

Concerning the Trustee

The indenture provides that there may be more than one trustee under the indenture, each for one or more series of debt securities. If there are different trustees for different series of debt securities, each trustee will be a trustee of a trust under the indenture separate and apart from the trust administered by any other trustee under that indenture.

Except as otherwise indicated in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, any action permitted to be taken by a trustee may be taken by such trustee only on the one or more series of debt securities for which it is the trustee under the indenture. Any trustee under the indenture may resign or be removed from one or more series of debt securities. All payments of principal of, premium and interest, if any, on, and all registration, transfer, exchange, authentication and delivery of, the debt securities of a series will be effected by the trustee for that series at an office designated by the trustee.

If the trustee becomes a creditor of ours, the indenture places limitations on the right of the trustee to obtain payment of claims or to realize on property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The trustee may engage in other transactions. If it acquires any conflicting interest relating to any duties concerning the debt securities, however, it must eliminate the conflict or resign as trustee.

The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of any and all affected series of debt securities of equal ranking then outstanding will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the trustee concerning the applicable series of debt securities, provided that the direction:

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would not conflict with any rule of law or with the relevant indenture;

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would not be unduly prejudicial to the rights of another holder of the debt securities; and

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would not involve any trustee in personal liability.

The indenture provides that in case an Event of Default shall occur, not be cured and be known to any trustee, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would use in the conduct of his or her own affairs in the exercise of the trustee's power. The trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request of any of the holders of the debt securities, unless they shall have offered to the trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to the trustee.

No Individual Liability of Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers or Directors

No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any debt security thereunder, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations of the Company, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors, as such, of the Company or of any successor corporation, or any of them.

Governing Law

The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

We may issue warrants for the purchase of our common stock, preferred stock, or debt securities in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or together with our common stock, preferred stock, or debt securities, and the warrants may be attached to or traded separate and apart from these securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a warrant agreement, all as set forth in the prospectus supplement. The applicable prospectus supplement or term sheet will describe the terms of the warrants offered thereby, any warrant agreement relating to such warrants and the warrant certificates, including but not limited to the following:

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the title of the warrants;

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the offering price or prices of the warrants, if any;

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the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants which may be exercised at any one time;

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the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;

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the number of securities, if any, with which such warrants are being offered and the number of such warrants being offered with each security;

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the date, if any, on and after which such warrants and the related securities, if any, will be transferable separately;

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the amount of securities purchasable upon exercise of each warrant and the price at which the securities may be purchased upon such exercise, and events or conditions under which the amount of securities may be subject to adjustment;

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the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire;

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the circumstances, if any, which will cause the warrants to be deemed to be automatically exercised;

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any material risk factors, if any, relating to such warrants;

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the identity of any warrant agent; and

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any other material terms of the warrants.

Prior to the exercise of any warrants, holders of such warrants will not have any rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive payments of dividends or the right to vote such underlying securities. Prospective purchasers of warrants should be aware that material U.S. federal income tax, accounting and other considerations may be applicable to instruments such as warrants.

DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS

We may issue subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units consisting of some or all of these securities. These subscription rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription rights we offer, if any, will, to the extent applicable, include specific terms relating to the offering, including some or all of the following:

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the price, if any, for the subscription rights;

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the exercise price payable for our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units consisting of some or all of these securities upon the exercise of the subscription rights;

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the number of subscription rights to be issued to each stockholder;

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the number and terms of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants or units consisting of some or all of these securities which may be purchased per each subscription right;

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the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;

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any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;

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the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;

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the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities or an over-allotment privilege to the extent the securities are fully subscribed; and

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if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement which may be entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.

The descriptions of the subscription rights in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement are summaries of the material provisions of the applicable subscription right agreements. These descriptions do not restate those subscription right agreements in their entirety and may not contain all the information that you may find useful. We urge you to read the applicable subscription right agreements because they, and not the summaries, define your rights as holders of the subscription rights. For more information, please review the forms of the relevant subscription right agreements, which will be filed with the SEC promptly after the offering of subscription rights and will be available as described in the section of this prospectus titled "Where You Can Find More Information".

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

We may issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit will be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

The applicable prospectus supplement may describe:

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the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;

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any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and

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any additional terms of the governing unit agreement.

The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any units. The preceding description and any description of units in the applicable prospectus supplement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement and, if applicable, collateral arrangements and depositary arrangements relating to such units.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities offered by this prospectus in any one or more of the following ways (or in any combination) from time to time:

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directly to investors, including through privately negotiated transactions, a specific bidding, auction or other process;

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to investors through agents;

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directly to agents;

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to or through underwriters or dealers;

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in "at the market" offerings, within the meaning of the Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act, to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market on an exchange or otherwise;

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through a combination of any such methods of sale; or

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through any other method permitted by applicable law and described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The accompanying prospectus supplement will set forth the terms of the offering and the method of distribution and will identify any firms acting as underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering, including:

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the names and addresses of any underwriters, dealers or agents;

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the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds to us from the sale, if any;

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any over-allotment options under which underwriters may purchase additional securities from us;

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any underwriting discounts and other items constituting compensation to underwriters, dealers or agents;

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any public offering price, any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

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any securities exchange or market on which the securities offered in the prospectus supplement may be listed.

If underwriters are used in the sale, the underwriters will acquire the offered securities for their own account and may resell them from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. The offered securities may be offered either to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or by one or more underwriters without a syndicate. Unless otherwise set forth in a prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase any series of securities will be subject to certain conditions precedent and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of such series of securities if any are purchased. Only those underwriters identified in such prospectus supplement are deemed to be underwriters in connection with the securities offered in the prospectus supplement. Any underwritten offering may be on a best efforts or a firm commitment basis.

In connection with the sale of our securities, underwriters or agents may receive compensation (in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions) from us, or from purchasers of securities for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters may sell securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of our securities may be deemed to be "underwriters" as that term is defined in the Securities Act, and any discounts allowed or commissions paid, and any profit on the resale of the securities they realize may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Any person who may be deemed to be an underwriter will be identified, and the compensation received from us will be described, in the prospectus supplement. Maximum compensation to any underwriters, dealers or agents will not exceed any applicable Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. limitations.

Underwriters and agents may be entitled to indemnification by us against some civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contributions with respect to payments which the underwriters or agents may be required to make relating to these liabilities. Underwriters and agents may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.

Any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, or listed on the exchange where our common stock is then listed, subject where applicable, to official notice of issuance and where applicable, subject to the requirements of the exchange (which in some cases require stockholder approval for any transactions which would result in the issuance of 20% or more of our then outstanding shares of common stock or voting rights representing 20% or more of our then outstanding shares of stock). We may elect to list any series of debt securities or preferred stock, on an exchange, but we are not obligated to do so. It is possible that one or more underwriters may make a market in the securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of, or the trading market for, any offered securities.

The aggregate proceeds to us from the sale of our common stock will be the purchase price of our common stock less discounts or commissions, if any. We reserve the right to accept and, together with our agents from time to time, to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of our common stock to be made directly or through agents.

To facilitate the offering of the common stock offered by us, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common stock. This may include over-allotments or short sales, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more shares than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of our common stock by bidding for or purchasing shares in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if shares sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of our common stock at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.

LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters relating to the issuance and sale of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Bevilacqua PLLC. Additional legal matters may be passed on for us, or any underwriters, dealers or agents, by counsel that we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement.

EXPERTS

The financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 incorporated by reference in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by CBIZ Canada, LLP (formerly known as Marcum Canada, LLP), independent registered public accounting firm, and the financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 incorporated by reference in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by Turner, Stone & Company LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their respective reports thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Available Information

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding companies, such as ours, that file documents electronically with the SEC. The website address is https://www.sec.gov. Copies of certain information filed by us with the SEC are also available on our website at https://www.fireflyneuro.com. Information accessible on or through our website is not a part of this prospectus.

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC and does not contain all of the information in the registration statement. You should review the information and exhibits in the registration statement for further information on us and the securities that we are offering. Statements in this prospectus about these documents are summaries and each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers. You should read the actual documents for a more complete description of the relevant matters.

Incorporation by Reference

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference much of the information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those publicly available documents. The information that we incorporate by reference in this prospectus is considered to be part of this prospectus. Because we are incorporating by reference future filings with the SEC, this prospectus is continually updated and those future filings may modify or supersede some of the information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This means that you must look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any of the statements in this prospectus or in any document previously incorporated by reference have been modified or superseded. This prospectus incorporates by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (in each case, other than those documents or the portions of those documents furnished pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of any Current Report on Form 8-K and, except as may be noted in any such Form 8-K, exhibits filed on such form that are related to such information), including after the date of the initial registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part was filed and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, until the offering of the securities under the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is terminated:

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our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2025;

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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on November 12, 2025;

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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025, filed with the SEC on August 13, 2025;

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our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 14, 2025;

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our Current Reports on Form 8-K (and any amendments thereto on Form 8-K/A) filed with the SEC on October 31, 2025, September 5, 2025, June 16, 2025, May 5, 2025, April 24, 2025, April 1, 2025, March 12, 2025, February 14, 2025, and January 6, 2025 (other than information furnished and not filed); and

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The description of the Registrant's common stock contained in Exhibit 4.1 to the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on April 3, 2025, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

Any statement made in a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any prospectus supplement will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus or such prospectus supplement to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or such prospectus supplement modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus or such prospectus supplement.

We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, at no cost, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into such documents. Requests should be directed to Firefly Neuroscience, Inc., Attn: Secretary, 1100 Military Road, Kenmore, NY 14217, or by calling us at (888) 237-6412.

Up to $7,434,266

Shares of Common Stock

Firefly Neuroscience, Inc.

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

Konik Capital Partners LLC

a division of T.R. Winston and Co.

February 3, 2026