Equity and Inclusive Development in the Era of Post-Welfare Statism

Indeed, Wong emphasizes that " interventions that specifically target the most marginalized can be particularly effective when adapted to local contexts and needs ".

For example, in South Africa, birth registration rose from 25% in the 1980s (Reach Alliance, 2019) to near universal coverage through sustained reforms targeting the excluded.

On the other hand, in Tanzania, combining geolocation with local knowledge improved rural service delivery, making systems responsive to real-life conditions.

Finally, in Canada, targeted efforts during COVID-19 ensured vaccination in Indigenous communities, relying on trust, cultural understanding, and collaboration.