The Critical Importance of Measles Vaccination

By Kimberly Shriner, MD, Medical Director of Infection Prevention and Control, Huntington Health

Measles is one of the most contagious infectious diseases in the world-so contagious, in fact, that nine out of ten unvaccinated people who come into close contact with someone infected will develop the illness. While often perceived as a routine childhood disease, measles can lead to severe and life-threatening complications. According to the Infectious Disease Society of American (IDSA), about one in five people with measles require hospitalization, one in twenty develop pneumonia, one in 1,000 experience encephalitis, and one to three out of every 1,000 infected individuals will die from the disease.

Recent increases in U.S. measles cases highlight why staying up to date on vaccination is crucial. In 2024 alone, more than 120 cases were reported-over double the previous year's count-driven largely by international travelers returning with measles and outbreaks in communities with low vaccination rates, including parts of Texas and other states. Confirmed measles cases in Los Angeles and Orange County are important reminders that continued vigilance is needed.

Fortunately, the risk of widespread measles in the United States remains low because most children receive the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Adults born before 1957 typically have lifelong immunity, and many others gained protection through childhood vaccination. The MMR vaccine is extremely effective: one dose provides 93% protection, and two doses increase protection to 97%. Decades of use have shown it to be very safe.

People at higher risk-including healthcare workers and international travelers-should ensure they've received two doses. If vaccination status is uncertain, receiving another dose is safe for healthy individuals. However, because the MMR vaccine is live attenuated, it should not be given to those who are immunocompromised. As always, it's important to talk to your physician about any vaccine or medication.

With measles spreading through the air and lingering on surfaces for hours, prevention is far easier than treatment. Staying informed, practicing good hygiene, and, most importantly, being vaccinated protects not just individuals but entire communities-especially vulnerable groups such as young children, pregnant individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.

As a reminder, if you suspect you or a family member has measles, please contact your physician immediately. For information on what to do if you are exposed, read: Measles: What to do if you're exposed | Huntington Hospital

Source: CDC, Infectious Disease Society of America