JPMorgan Chase & Co.

11/12/2025 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 11/12/2025 09:47

Primary Offering Prospectus (Form 424B2)

The information in this preliminary pricing supplement is not complete and may be changed. This preliminary pricing supplement is not
an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to completion dated November 12, 2025
November , 2025 Registration Statement Nos. 333-270004 and 333-270004-01; Rule 424(b)(2)
Pricing supplement to product supplement no. 2-I dated April 13, 2023, the prospectus and prospectus supplement, each dated April 13, 2023, and
the prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures
Contract due November 19, 2027
Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co.
• The notes are designed for investors who seek early exit prior to maturity at a premium if, on any Review Date, the
Contract Price of the first nearby month futures contract for WTI crude oil traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange,
which we refer to as the NYMEX, or, in certain circumstances, the second nearby month futures contract for WTI crude
oil traded on the NYMEX, which we refer to as Commodity Futures Contract, is at or above the applicable Call Value.
• The earliest date on which an automatic call may be initiated is November 17, 2026.
• Investors should be willing to forgo interest payments and be willing to accept the risk of losing a significant portion or all
of their principal amount at maturity.
• The notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, which we refer to
as JPMorgan Financial, the payment on which is fully and unconditionally guaranteed by JPMorgan Chase & Co. Any
payment on the notes is subject to the credit risk of JPMorgan Financial, as issuer of the notes, and the credit
risk of JPMorgan Chase & Co., as guarantor of the notes.
• Minimum denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof
• The notes are expected to price on or about November 13, 2025 and are expected to settle on or about November 18,
2025.
• CUSIP: 48135NC79
Investing in the notes involves a number of risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-2 of the accompanying
prospectus supplement, Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, "Risk Factors" beginning on page PS-11
of the accompanying product supplement and "Selected Risk Considerations" beginning on page PS-4 of this pricing
supplement.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved
of the notes or passed upon the accuracy or the adequacy of this pricing supplement or the accompanying product supplement,
prospectus supplement, prospectus and prospectus addendum. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Price to Public (1)
Fees and Commissions (2)
Proceeds to Issuer
Per note
$1,000
$
$
Total
$
$
$
(1) See "Supplemental Use of Proceeds" in this pricing supplement for information about the components of the price to public of the
notes.
(2) J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, which we refer to as JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will pay all of the selling
commissions it receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers. These selling commissions will be up to $17.50 per $1,000
principal amount note. JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will also pay all of the structuring fee of up to $1.00 per $1,000
principal amount note it receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers. See "Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)" in the
accompanying product supplement.
If the notes priced today, the estimated value of the notes would be approximately $951.10 per $1,000 principal amount
note. The estimated value of the notes, when the terms of the notes are set, will be provided in the pricing supplement
and will not be less than $930.00 per $1,000 principal amount note. See "The Estimated Value of the Notes" in this
pricing supplement for additional information.
The notes are not bank deposits, are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency
and are not obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.
PS-1 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
Key Terms
Issuer: JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC, a direct,
wholly owned finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Guarantor: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Commodity Futures Contract: The first nearby month futures
contract for WTI crude oil (Bloomberg ticker: CL1) traded on the
New York Mercantile Exchange (the "NYMEX") or, on any day that
falls on the last trading day of such contract (all pursuant to the
rules of the NYMEX), the second nearby month futures contract
for WTI crude oil (Bloomberg ticker: CL2) traded on the NYMEX
Call Premium Amount: The Call Premium Amount with respect
to each Review Date is set forth below:
• first Review Date: at least 14.30% × $1,000
• final Review Date: at least 28.60% × $1,000
(in each case, to be provided in the pricing supplement)
Call Value: The Call Value with respect to each Review Date is set
forth below:
• first Review Date: 100.00% of the Initial Value
• final Review Date: 95.00% of the Initial Value
Barrier Amount: 90.00% of the Initial Value
Pricing Date: On or about November 13, 2025
Original Issue Date (Settlement Date): On or about November
18, 2025
Review Dates*: November 17, 2026 and November 16, 2027
(final Review Date)
Call Settlement Dates*: November 20, 2026 and the Maturity
Date
Maturity Date*: November 19, 2027
* Subject to postponement in the event of a market disruption
event and as described under "General Terms of Notes -
Postponement of a Determination Date - Notes Linked to a
Single Underlying - Notes Linked to a Single Commodity or
Commodity Futures Contract" and "General Terms of Notes -
Postponement of a Payment Date" in the accompanying product
supplement or early acceleration in the event of a commodity
hedging disruption event as described under "General Terms of
Notes - Consequences of a Commodity Hedging Disruption
Event - Acceleration of the Notes" in the accompanying product
supplement and in "Selected Risk Considerations - Risks
Relating to the Notes Generally - We May Accelerate Your
Notes If a Commodity Hedging Disruption Event Occurs" in this
pricing supplement
Automatic Call:
If the Contract Price on any Review Date is greater than or equal to
the applicable Call Value, the notes will be automatically called for
a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, equal to
(a) $1,000 plus (b) the Call Premium Amount applicable to that
Review Date, payable on the applicable Call Settlement Date. No
further payments will be made on the notes.
Payment at Maturity:
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value
is greater than or equal to the Barrier Amount, you will receive the
principal amount of your notes at maturity.
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value
is less than the Barrier Amount, your payment at maturity per
$1,000 principal amount note will be calculated as follows:
$1,000 + ($1,000 × Contract Return)
If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value
is less than the Barrier Amount, you will lose more than 10.00% of
your principal amount at maturity and could lose all of your principal
amount at maturity.
Contract Return:
(Final Value - Initial Value)
Initial Value
Initial Value: The Contract Price on the Pricing Date
Final Value: The Contract Price on the final Review Date
Contract Price: On any day, the official settlement price per barrel
on the NYMEX of the first nearby month futures contract for WTI
crude oil, stated in U.S. dollars, provided that if that day falls on the
last trading day of such futures contract (all pursuant to the rules of
the NYMEX), then the second nearby month futures contract for
WTI crude oil, as made public by the NYMEX and displayed on the
Bloomberg Professional® service ("Bloomberg") under the symbol
"CL1" or "CL2," as applicable, on that day
PS-2 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
Supplemental Terms of the Notes
The notes are not commodity futures contracts or swaps and are not regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936,
as amended (the "Commodity Exchange Act"). The notes are offered pursuant to an exemption from regulation under the
Commodity Exchange Act, commonly known as the hybrid instrument exemption, that is available to securities that have one or more
payments indexed to the value, level or rate of one or more commodities, as set out in section 2(f) of that statute. Accordingly, you are
not afforded any protection provided by the Commodity Exchange Act or any regulation promulgated by the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission.
Any values of the Commodity Futures Contract, and any values derived therefrom, included in this pricing supplement may be
corrected, in the event of manifest error or inconsistency, by amendment of this pricing supplement and the corresponding terms of the
notes. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the indenture governing the notes, that amendment will become effective without
consent of the holders of the notes or any other party.
How the Notes Work
Payment upon an Automatic Call
Payment at Maturity If the Notes Have Not Been Automatically Called
The notes will be automatically called on the applicable Call Settlement Date and you will
receive (a) $1,000 plus (b) the Call Premium Amount applicable to that Review Date.
No further payments will be made on the notes.
Compare the Contract Price to the applicable Call Value on each Review Date until any earlier automatc call.
Review Dates
Automatic Call
The Contract Price is
greater than or equal to
the applicable Call
Value.
The Contract Price is
less than the applicable
Call Value.
Call
Value
The notes will not be automatically called. Proceed to the next Review Date, if any.
No Automatic Call
Review Dates
You will receive the principal amount
of your notes.
The notes have not
been automatically
called. Proceed to the
payment at maturity.
Final Review Date Payment at Maturity
The Final Value is greater than or equal to the
Barrier Amount.
You will receive:
$1,000 + ($1,000 ×Contract Return)
Under these circumstances, you will
lose a significant portion or all of your
principal amount at maturity.
The Final Value is less than the Barrier Amount.
PS-3 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
Call Premium Amount
The table below illustrates the hypothetical Call Premium Amount per $1,000 principal amount note for each Review Date based on the
minimum Call Premium Amounts set forth under "Key Terms - Call Premium Amount" above. The actual Call Premium Amounts will
be provided in the pricing supplement and will not be less than the minimum Call Premium Amounts set forth under "Key Terms - Call
Premium Amount."
Review Date
Call Premium Amount
First
$143.00
Final
$286.00
Hypothetical Payout Examples
The following examples illustrate payments on the notes linked to a hypothetical Commodity Futures Contract, assuming a range of
performances for the hypothetical Commodity Futures Contract on the Review Dates.
In addition, the hypothetical payments set forth below assume the following:
• an Initial Value of $100.00;
• the Call Values set forth under "Key Terms - Call Value" above;
• a Barrier Amount of $90.00 (equal to 90.00% of the hypothetical Initial Value); and
• the Call Premium Amounts are equal to the minimum Call Premium Amounts set forth under "Key Terms - Call Premium
Amount" above.
The hypothetical Initial Value of $100.00 has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and may not represent a likely actual Initial
Value. The actual Initial Value will be the Contract Price on the Pricing Date and will be provided in the pricing supplement. For
historical data regarding the actual Contract Prices, please see the historical information set forth under "The Commodity Futures
Contract" in this pricing supplement.
Each hypothetical payment set forth below is for illustrative purposes only and may not be the actual payment applicable to a purchaser
of the notes. The numbers appearing in the following examples have been rounded for ease of analysis.
Example 1 - Notes are automatically called on the first Review Date.
Date
Contract Price
First Review Date
$150.00
Notes are automatically called
Total Payment
$1,143.00 (14.30% return)
Because the Contract Price on the first Review Date is greater than or equal to the applicable Call Value, the notes will be automatically
called for a cash payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, of $1,143.00 (or $1,000 plus the Call Premium Amount applicable to
the first Review Date), payable on the applicable Call Settlement Date. No further payments will be made on the notes.
Example 2 - Notes are automatically called on the final Review Date.
Date
Contract Price
First Review Date
$90.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Final Review Date
$95.00
Notes are automatically called
Total Payment
$1,286.00 (28.60% return)
Because the Contract Price on the first Review Date is less than the applicable Call Value, the notes are not automatically called in
connection with this Review Date. However, because the Contract Price on the final Review Date is greater than or equal to the
applicable Call Value, even though the Contract Price is less than the Initial Value, the notes will be automatically called for a cash
payment, for each $1,000 principal amount note, of $1,286.00 (or $1,000 plus the Call Premium Amount applicable to the final Review
Date), payable on the applicable Call Settlement Date, which is the Maturity Date.
PS-4 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
Example 3 - Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Barrier Amount.
Date
Contract Price
First Review Date
$85.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Final Review Date
$90.00
Notes NOT automatically called; Final Value is greater than or
equal to Barrier Amount
Total Payment
$1,000.00 (0.00% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value is greater than or equal to the Barrier Amount, the payment
at maturity, for each $1,000 principal amount note, will be $1,000.00.
Example 4 - Notes have NOT been automatically called and the Final Value is less than the Barrier Amount.
Date
Contract Price
First Review Date
$80.00
Notes NOT automatically called
Final Review Date
$40.00
Notes NOT automatically called; Final Value is less than Barrier
Amount
Total Payment
$400.00 (-60.00% return)
Because the notes have not been automatically called, the Final Value is less than the Barrier Amount and the Contract Return is
-60.00%, the payment at maturity will be $400.00 per $1,000 principal amount note, calculated as follows:
$1,000 + [$1,000 × (-60.00%)] = $400.00
The hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments on the notes shown above apply only if you hold the notes for their entire term
or until automatically called. These hypotheticals do not reflect the fees or expenses that would be associated with any sale in the
secondary market. If these fees and expenses were included, the hypothetical returns and hypothetical payments shown above would
likely be lower.
Selected Risk Considerations
An investment in the notes involves significant risks. These risks are explained in more detail in the "Risk Factors" sections of the
accompanying prospectus supplement and product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum.
Risks Relating to the Notes Generally
• YOUR INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES MAY RESULT IN A LOSS -
The notes do not guarantee any return of principal. If the notes have not been automatically called and the Final Value is less than
the Barrier Amount, you will lose 1% of the principal amount of your notes for every 1% that the Final Value is less than the Initial
Value. Accordingly, under these circumstances, you will lose more than 10.00% of your principal amount at maturity and could
lose all of your principal amount at maturity.
• CREDIT RISKS OF JPMORGAN FINANCIAL AND JPMORGAN CHASE & CO. -
Investors are dependent on our and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s ability to pay all amounts due on the notes. Any actual or potential
change in our or JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s creditworthiness or credit spreads, as determined by the market for taking that credit
risk, is likely to adversely affect the value of the notes. If we and JPMorgan Chase & Co. were to default on our payment
obligations, you may not receive any amounts owed to you under the notes and you could lose your entire investment.
• AS A FINANCE SUBSIDIARY, JPMORGAN FINANCIAL HAS NO INDEPENDENT OPERATIONS AND HAS LIMITED ASSETS
-
As a finance subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., we have no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of
our securities and the collection of intercompany obligations. Aside from the initial capital contribution from JPMorgan Chase &
Co., substantially all of our assets relate to obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. to make payments under loans made by us to
JPMorgan Chase & Co. or under other intercompany agreements. As a result, we are dependent upon payments from JPMorgan
Chase & Co. to meet our obligations under the notes. We are not a key operating subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and in a
bankruptcy or resolution of JPMorgan Chase & Co. we are not expected to have sufficient resources to meet our obligations in
respect of the notes as they come due. If JPMorgan Chase & Co. does not make payments to us and we are unable to make
payments on the notes, you may have to seek payment under the related guarantee by JPMorgan Chase & Co., and that
PS-5 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. For more
information, see the accompanying prospectus addendum.
• THE APPRECIATION POTENTIAL OF THE NOTES IS LIMITED TO ANY CALL PREMIUM AMOUNT PAID ON THE NOTES,
regardless of any appreciation of the Commodity Futures Contract, which may be significant. You will not participate in any
appreciation of the Commodity Futures Contract.
• THE BENEFIT PROVIDED BY THE BARRIER AMOUNT MAY TERMINATE ON THE FINAL REVIEW DATE -
If the Final Value is less than the Barrier Amount and the notes have not been automatically called, the benefit provided by the
Barrier Amount will terminate and you will be fully exposed to any depreciation of the Commodity Futures Contract.
• THE AUTOMATIC CALL FEATURE MAY FORCE A POTENTIAL EARLY EXIT -
If your notes are automatically called, the term of the notes may be reduced to as short as approximately one year. There is no
guarantee that you would be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return for a similar
level of risk. Even in cases where the notes are called before maturity, you are not entitled to any fees and commissions described
on the front cover of this pricing supplement.
• THE NOTES DO NOT PAY INTEREST.
• YOU WILL NOT HAVE ANY RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO THE COMMODITY FUTURES CONTRACT.
• WE MAY ACCELERATE YOUR NOTES IF A COMMODITY HEDGING DISRUPTION EVENT OCCURS-
If we or our affiliates are unable to effect transactions necessary to hedge our obligations under the notes due to a commodity
hedging disruption event, we may, in our sole and absolute discretion, accelerate the payment on your notes and pay you an
amount determined in good faith and in a commercially reasonable manner by the calculation agent. If the payment on your notes
is accelerated, your investment may result in a loss and you may not be able to reinvest your money in a comparable investment.
Please see "General Terms of Notes - Consequences of a Commodity Hedging Disruption Event - Acceleration of the Notes" in
the accompanying product supplement for more information.
• THE RISK OF THE CONTRACT PRICE FALLING BELOW THE BARRIER AMOUNT IS GREATER IF THE CONTRACT PRICE
IS VOLATILE.
• LACK OF LIQUIDITY -
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is
likely to depend on the price, if any, at which JPMS is willing to buy the notes. You may not be able to sell your notes. The notes
are not designed to be short-term trading instruments. Accordingly, you should be able and willing to hold your notes to maturity.
• THE FINAL TERMS AND VALUATION OF THE NOTES WILL BE PROVIDED IN THE PRICING SUPPLEMENT -
You should consider your potential investment in the notes based on the minimums for the estimated value of the notes and the
Call Premium Amounts.
Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest
• POTENTIAL CONFLICTS -
We and our affiliates play a variety of roles in connection with the notes. In performing these duties, our and JPMorgan Chase &
Co.'s economic interests are potentially adverse to your interests as an investor in the notes. It is possible that hedging or trading
activities of ours or our affiliates in connection with the notes could result in substantial returns for us or our affiliates while the
value of the notes declines. Please refer to "Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest" in the accompanying product
supplement.
Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES WILL BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE (PRICE TO PUBLIC) OF
THE NOTES -
The estimated value of the notes is only an estimate determined by reference to several factors. The original issue price of the
notes will exceed the estimated value of the notes because costs associated with selling, structuring and hedging the notes are
included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions, the structuring fee, the projected
profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the
estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes. See "The Estimated Value of the Notes" in this pricing supplement.
PS-6 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES DOES NOT REPRESENT FUTURE VALUES OF THE NOTES AND MAY DIFFER
FROM OTHERS' ESTIMATES -
See "The Estimated Value of the Notes" in this pricing supplement.
• THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES IS DERIVED BY REFERENCE TO AN INTERNAL FUNDING RATE -
The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied funding
rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference may
be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates' view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may
prove to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an
internal funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any
secondary market prices of the notes. See "The Estimated Value of the Notes" in this pricing supplement.
• THE VALUE OF THE NOTES AS PUBLISHED BY JPMS (AND WHICH MAY BE REFLECTED ON CUSTOMER ACCOUNT
STATEMENTS) MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE THEN-CURRENT ESTIMATED VALUE OF THE NOTES FOR A LIMITED TIME
PERIOD -
We generally expect that some of the costs included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in
connection with any repurchases of your notes by JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period.
See "Secondary Market Prices of the Notes" in this pricing supplement for additional information relating to this initial period.
Accordingly, the estimated value of your notes during this initial period may be lower than the value of the notes as published by
JPMS (and which may be shown on your customer account statements).
• SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL LIKELY BE LOWER THAN THE ORIGINAL ISSUE PRICE OF THE
NOTES -
Any secondary market prices of the notes will likely be lower than the original issue price of the notes because, among other
things, secondary market prices take into account our internal secondary market funding rates for structured debt issuances and,
also, because secondary market prices (a) exclude the structuring fee and (b) may exclude selling commissions, projected hedging
profits, if any, and estimated hedging costs that are included in the original issue price of the notes. As a result, the price, if any, at
which JPMS will be willing to buy the notes from you in secondary market transactions, if at all, is likely to be lower than the original
issue price. Any sale by you prior to the Maturity Date could result in a substantial loss to you.
• SECONDARY MARKET PRICES OF THE NOTES WILL BE IMPACTED BY MANY ECONOMIC AND MARKET FACTORS -
The secondary market price of the notes during their term will be impacted by a number of economic and market factors, which
may either offset or magnify each other, aside from the selling commissions, structuring fee, projected hedging profits, if any,
estimated hedging costs and the Contract Price. Additionally, independent pricing vendors and/or third party broker-dealers may
publish a price for the notes, which may also be reflected on customer account statements. This price may be different (higher or
lower) than the price of the notes, if any, at which JPMS may be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market. See "Risk
Factors - Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes - Secondary market prices of the
notes will be impacted by many economic and market factors" in the accompanying product supplement.
Risks Relating to the Commodity Futures Contract
• COMMODITY FUTURES CONTRACTS ARE SUBJECT TO UNCERTAIN LEGAL AND REGULATORY REGIMES -
Commodity futures contracts are subject to legal and regulatory regimes that may change in ways that could adversely affect our
ability to hedge our obligations under the notes and affect the price of the Commodity Futures Contract. Any future regulatory
changes, may have a substantial adverse effect on the value of your notes. Additionally, in October 2020, the U.S. Commodity
Futures Trading Commission adopted rules to establish revised or new position limits on 25 agricultural, metals and energy
commodity derivatives contracts. The limits apply to a person's combined position in the specified 25 futures contracts and options
on futures ("core referenced futures contracts"), futures and options on futures directly or indirectly linked to the core referenced
futures contracts, and economically equivalent swaps. These rules came into effect on January 1, 2022 for covered futures and
options on futures contracts and on January 1, 2023 for covered swaps. The rules may reduce liquidity in the exchange-traded
market for those commodity-based futures contracts, which may, in turn, have an adverse effect on any payments on the notes.
Furthermore, we or our affiliates may be unable as a result of those restrictions to effect transactions necessary to hedge our
obligations under the notes resulting in a commodity hedging disruption event, in which case we may, in our sole and absolute
discretion, accelerate the payment on your notes. See "- Risks Relating to the Notes Generally - We May Accelerate Your
Notes If a Commodity Hedging Disruption Event Occurs" above.
PS-7 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
• PRICES OF COMMODITY FUTURES CONTRACTS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH AND UNPREDICTABLE VOLATILITY -
Market prices of commodity futures contracts tend to be highly volatile and may fluctuate rapidly based on numerous factors,
including the factors that affect the price of the commodity underlying the Commodity Futures Contract. See "- The Market Price
of WTI Crude Oil Will Affect the Value of the Notes" below. The Contract Price is subject to variables that may be less significant to
the values of traditional securities, such as stocks and bonds. These variables may create additional investment risks that cause
the value of the notes to be more volatile than the values of traditional securities. As a general matter, the risk of low liquidity or
volatile pricing around the maturity date of a commodity futures contract is greater than in the case of other futures contracts
because (among other factors) a number of market participants take physical delivery of the underlying commodities. Many
commodities are also highly cyclical. The high volatility and cyclical nature of commodity markets may render such an investment
inappropriate as the focus of an investment portfolio.
• THE MARKET PRICE OF WTI CRUDE OIL WILL AFFECT THE VALUE OF THE NOTES -
Because the notes are linked to the performance of the Contract Price of the Commodity Futures Contract, we expect that
generally the market value of the notes will depend in part on the market price of WTI crude oil. The price of WTI crude oil is
primarily affected by the global demand for and supply of crude oil, but is also influenced significantly from time to time by
speculative actions and by currency exchange rates. Crude oil prices are volatile and subject to dislocation. Demand for refined
petroleum products by consumers, as well as the agricultural, manufacturing and transportation industries, affects the price of
crude oil. Crude oil's end-use as a refined product is often as transport fuel, industrial fuel and in-home heating fuel. Potential for
substitution in most areas exists, although considerations, including relative cost, often limit substitution levels. Because the
precursors of demand for petroleum products are linked to economic activity, demand will tend to reflect economic conditions.
Demand is also influenced by government regulations, such as environmental or consumption policies. In addition to general
economic activity and demand, prices for crude oil are affected by political events, labor activity and, in particular, direct
government intervention (such as embargos) or supply disruptions in major oil producing regions of the world. These events tend
to affect oil prices worldwide, regardless of the location of the event. Supply for crude oil may increase or decrease depending on
many factors. These include production decisions by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ("OPEC") and other
crude oil producers. Crude oil prices are determined with significant influence by OPEC. OPEC has the potential to influence oil
prices worldwide because its members possess a significant portion of the world's oil supply. In the event of sudden disruptions in
the supplies of oil, such as those caused by war (e.g., Russia's invasion of Ukraine and resulting sanctions), natural events,
accidents or acts of terrorism, prices of oil futures contracts could become extremely volatile and unpredictable. Also, sudden and
dramatic changes in the futures market may occur, for example, upon a cessation of hostilities that may exist in countries
producing oil, the introduction of new or previously withheld supplies into the market or the introduction of substitute products or
commodities. Crude oil prices may also be affected by short-term changes in supply and demand because of trading activities in
the oil market and seasonality (e.g., weather conditions such as hurricanes). It is not possible to predict the aggregate effect of all
or any combination of these factors.
• A DECISION BY THE NYMEX TO INCREASE MARGIN REQUIREMENTS FOR WTI CRUDE OIL FUTURES CONTRACTS MAY
AFFECT THE CONTRACT PRICE -
If the NYMEX increases the amount of collateral required to be posted to hold positions in the futures contracts on WTI crude oil
(i.e., the margin requirements), market participants who are unwilling or unable to post additional collateral may liquidate their
positions, which may cause the Contract Price to decline significantly.
• THE NOTES DO NOT OFFER DIRECT EXPOSURE TO COMMODITY SPOT PRICES -
The price of the Commodity Futures Contract reflects the price of a futures contract, not a physical commodity (or its spot price).
The price of a futures contract reflects the expected value of the commodity upon delivery in the future, whereas the spot price of a
commodity reflects the immediate delivery value of the commodity. A variety of factors can lead to a disparity between the
expected future price of a commodity and the spot price at a given point in time, such as the cost of storing the commodity for the
term of the futures contract, interest charges incurred to finance the purchase of the commodity and expectations concerning
supply and demand for the commodity. The price movements of a futures contract are typically correlated with the movements of
the spot price of the referenced commodity, but the correlation is generally imperfect and price movements in the spot market may
not be reflected in the futures market (and vice versa). Accordingly, the notes may underperform a similar investment that is linked
only to commodity spot prices.
• SINGLE COMMODITY FUTURES CONTRACT PRICES TEND TO BE MORE VOLATILE THAN, AND MAY NOT CORRELATE
WITH, THE PRICES OF COMMODITIES GENERALLY -
The notes are not linked to a diverse basket of commodities, commodity futures contracts or a broad-based commodity index. The
price of the Commodity Futures Contract may not correlate to the price of commodities or commodity futures contracts generally
PS-8 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
and may diverge significantly from the prices of commodities or commodity futures contracts generally. Because the notes are
linked to a single commodity futures contract, they carry greater risk and may be more volatile than notes linked to the prices of
multiple commodities or commodity futures contracts or a broad-based commodity index.
• SUSPENSION OR DISRUPTIONS OF MARKET TRADING IN THE COMMODITY MARKETS AND RELATED FUTURES
MARKETS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT THE CONTRACT PRICE AND, THEREFORE, THE VALUE OF THE NOTES -
The commodity markets are subject to temporary distortions or other disruptions due to various factors, including the lack of
liquidity in the markets, the participation of speculators and government regulation and intervention. In addition, U.S. futures
exchanges and some foreign exchanges have regulations that limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices that may
occur during a single day. These limits are generally referred to as "daily price fluctuation limits" and the maximum or minimum
price of a contract on any given day as a result of these limits is referred to as a "limit price." Once the limit price has been reached
in a particular contract, no trades may be made at a different price. Limit prices have the effect of precluding trading in a particular
contract or forcing the liquidation of contracts at disadvantageous times or prices. These circumstances could adversely affect the
Contract Price of the Commodity Futures Contract and, therefore, the value of your notes.
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Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
The Commodity Futures Contract
The Contract Price is based on, on any day, the official settlement price per barrel on the NYMEX of the first nearby month futures
contract for WTI crude oil, stated in U.S. dollars, provided that if that day falls on the last trading day of such futures contract (all
pursuant to the rules of the NYMEX), then the second nearby month futures contract for WTI crude oil, as made public by the NYMEX
and displayed on Bloomberg under the symbol "CL1" or "CL2," as applicable, on that day. For additional information about the
Commodity Futures Contract, see "The Underlyings - Commodity Futures Contracts" in the accompanying product supplement.
Historical Information
The following graph sets forth the historical performance of the Commodity Futures Contract based on the weekly historical Contract
Prices from January 3, 2020 through November 7, 2025. The Contract Price on November 10, 2025 was $60.13. We obtained the
Contract Prices above and below from Bloomberg, without independent verification.
The historical Contract Prices should not be taken as an indication of future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the
Contract Price on the Pricing Date or any Review Date. There can be no assurance that the performance of the Commodity Futures
Contract will result in the return of any of your principal amount.
Tax Treatment
In determining our reporting responsibilities, we intend to treat the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes as "open transactions"
that are not debt instruments, as described in the section entitled "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences - Tax
Consequences to U.S. Holders - Notes Treated as Open Transactions That Are Not Debt Instruments" in the accompanying product
supplement no. 2-I. Based on the advice of Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, our special tax counsel, we believe that this is a reasonable
treatment, but that there are other reasonable treatments that the IRS or a court may adopt, in which case the timing and character of
any income or loss on the notes could be materially and adversely affected.
No statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly addresses the characterization of the notes (or similar instruments) for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, and no ruling is being requested from the IRS with respect to their proper characterization and treatment.
Assuming that "open transaction" treatment is respected, the gain or loss on your notes should be treated as long-term capital gain or
loss if you hold your notes for more than a year, whether or not you are an initial purchaser of the notes at the issue price. However,
the IRS or a court may not respect the treatment of the notes as "open transactions," in which case the timing and character of any
income or loss on the notes could be materially and adversely affected. For instance, the notes could be treated as contingent payment
debt instruments, in which case the gain on your notes would be treated as ordinary income and you would be required to accrue
original issue discount on your notes in each taxable year at the "comparable yield," as determined by us, although we will not make
any payment with respect to the notes until maturity or an earlier automatic call.
In addition, in 2007 Treasury and the IRS released a notice requesting comments on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of "prepaid
forward contracts" and similar instruments. The notice focuses in particular on whether to require investors in these instruments to
accrue income over the term of their investment. It also asks for comments on a number of related topics, including the character of
PS-10 | Structured Investments
Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
income or loss with respect to these instruments; the relevance of factors such as the nature of the underlying property to which the
instruments are linked; the degree, if any, to which income (including any mandated accruals) realized by non-U.S. investors should be
subject to withholding tax; and whether these instruments are or should be subject to the "constructive ownership" regime, which very
generally can operate to recharacterize certain long-term capital gain as ordinary income and impose a notional interest charge. While
the notice requests comments on appropriate transition rules and effective dates, any Treasury regulations or other guidance
promulgated after consideration of these issues could materially and adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in the
notes, possibly with retroactive effect. You should review carefully the section entitled "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Consequences" in the accompanying product supplement and consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax
consequences of an investment in the notes, including possible alternative treatments and the issues presented by this notice.
The Estimated Value of the Notes
The estimated value of the notes set forth on the cover of this pricing supplement is equal to the sum of the values of the following
hypothetical components: (1) a fixed-income debt component with the same maturity as the notes, valued using the internal funding
rate described below, and (2) the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes. The estimated value of the
notes does not represent a minimum price at which JPMS would be willing to buy your notes in any secondary market (if any exists) at
any time. The internal funding rate used in the determination of the estimated value of the notes may differ from the market-implied
funding rate for vanilla fixed income instruments of a similar maturity issued by JPMorgan Chase & Co. or its affiliates. Any difference
may be based on, among other things, our and our affiliates' view of the funding value of the notes as well as the higher issuance,
operational and ongoing liability management costs of the notes in comparison to those costs for the conventional fixed income
instruments of JPMorgan Chase & Co. This internal funding rate is based on certain market inputs and assumptions, which may prove
to be incorrect, and is intended to approximate the prevailing market replacement funding rate for the notes. The use of an internal
funding rate and any potential changes to that rate may have an adverse effect on the terms of the notes and any secondary market
prices of the notes. For additional information, see "Selected Risk Considerations - Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes - The Estimated Value of the Notes Is Derived by Reference to an Internal Funding Rate" in this
pricing supplement.
The value of the derivative or derivatives underlying the economic terms of the notes is derived from internal pricing models of our
affiliates. These models are dependent on inputs such as the traded market prices of comparable derivative instruments and on
various other inputs, some of which are market-observable, and which can include volatility, interest rates and other factors, as well as
assumptions about future market events and/or environments. Accordingly, the estimated value of the notes is determined when the
terms of the notes are set based on market conditions and other relevant factors and assumptions existing at that time.
The estimated value of the notes does not represent future values of the notes and may differ from others' estimates. Different pricing
models and assumptions could provide valuations for the notes that are greater than or less than the estimated value of the notes. In
addition, market conditions and other relevant factors in the future may change, and any assumptions may prove to be incorrect. On
future dates, the value of the notes could change significantly based on, among other things, changes in market conditions, our or
JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s creditworthiness, interest rate movements and other relevant factors, which may impact the price, if any, at
which JPMS would be willing to buy notes from you in secondary market transactions.
The estimated value of the notes will be lower than the original issue price of the notes because costs associated with selling,
structuring and hedging the notes are included in the original issue price of the notes. These costs include the selling commissions and
the structuring fee paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, the projected profits, if any, that our affiliates expect to
realize for assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes and the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under
the notes. Because hedging our obligations entails risk and may be influenced by market forces beyond our control, this hedging may
result in a profit that is more or less than expected, or it may result in a loss. A portion of the profits, if any, realized in hedging our
obligations under the notes may be allowed to other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, and we or one or more of our affiliates will retain
any remaining hedging profits. See "Selected Risk Considerations - Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market
Prices of the Notes - The Estimated Value of the Notes Will Be Lower Than the Original Issue Price (Price to Public) of the Notes" in
this pricing supplement.
Secondary Market Prices of the Notes
For information about factors that will impact any secondary market prices of the notes, see "Risk Factors - Risks Relating to the
Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices of the Notes - Secondary market prices of the notes will be impacted by many
economic and market factors" in the accompanying product supplement. In addition, we generally expect that some of the costs
included in the original issue price of the notes will be partially paid back to you in connection with any repurchases of your notes by
JPMS in an amount that will decline to zero over an initial predetermined period. These costs can include selling commissions,
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Review Notes Linked to a WTI Crude Oil Futures Contract
projected hedging profits, if any, and, in some circumstances, estimated hedging costs and our internal secondary market funding rates
for structured debt issuances. This initial predetermined time period is intended to be the shorter of six months and one-half of the
stated term of the notes. The length of any such initial period reflects the structure of the notes, whether our affiliates expect to earn a
profit in connection with our hedging activities, the estimated costs of hedging the notes and when these costs are incurred, as
determined by our affiliates. See "Selected Risk Considerations - Risks Relating to the Estimated Value and Secondary Market Prices
of the Notes - The Value of the Notes as Published by JPMS (and Which May Be Reflected on Customer Account Statements) May
Be Higher Than the Then-Current Estimated Value of the Notes for a Limited Time Period" in this pricing supplement.
Supplemental Use of Proceeds
The notes are offered to meet investor demand for products that reflect the risk-return profile and market exposure provided by the
notes. See "How the Notes Work" and "Hypothetical Payout Examples" in this pricing supplement for an illustration of the risk-return
profile of the notes and "The Commodity Futures Contract" in this pricing supplement for a description of the market exposure provided
by the notes.
The original issue price of the notes is equal to the estimated value of the notes plus the selling commissions and the structuring fee
paid to JPMS and other affiliated or unaffiliated dealers, plus (minus) the projected profits (losses) that our affiliates expect to realize for
assuming risks inherent in hedging our obligations under the notes, plus the estimated cost of hedging our obligations under the notes.
Supplemental Plan of Distribution
JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan Financial, will pay all of the selling commissions it receives from us to other affiliated or unaffiliated
dealers. These selling commissions will be up to $17.50 per $1,000 principal amount note. JPMS, acting as agent for JPMorgan
Financial, will also pay all of the structuring fee of up to $1.00 per $1,000 principal amount note it receives from us to other affiliated or
unaffiliated dealers. See "Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)" in the accompanying product supplement.
Additional Terms Specific to the Notes
You may revoke your offer to purchase the notes at any time prior to the time at which we accept such offer by notifying the applicable
agent. We reserve the right to change the terms of, or reject any offer to purchase, the notes prior to their issuance. In the event of any
changes to the terms of the notes, we will notify you and you will be asked to accept such changes in connection with your purchase.
You may also choose to reject such changes, in which case we may reject your offer to purchase.
You should read this pricing supplement together with the accompanying prospectus, as supplemented by the accompanying
prospectus supplement relating to our Series A medium-term notes of which these notes are a part, the accompanying prospectus
addendum and the more detailed information contained in the accompanying product supplement. This pricing supplement, together
with the documents listed below, contains the terms of the notes and supersedes all other prior or contemporaneous oral statements as
well as any other written materials including preliminary or indicative pricing terms, correspondence, trade ideas, structures for
implementation, sample structures, fact sheets, brochures or other educational materials of ours. You should carefully consider, among
other things, the matters set forth in the "Risk Factors" sections of the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying
product supplement and in Annex A to the accompanying prospectus addendum, as the notes involve risks not associated with
conventional debt securities. We urge you to consult your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers before you invest in the
notes.
You may access these documents on the SEC website at www.sec.gov as follows (or if such address has changed, by
reviewing our filings for the relevant date on the SEC website):
• Product supplement no. 2-I dated April 13, 2023:
• Prospectus supplement and prospectus, each dated April 13, 2023:
• Prospectus addendum dated June 3, 2024:
Our Central Index Key, or CIK, on the SEC website is 1665650, and JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s CIK is 19617. As used in this pricing
supplement, "we," "us" and "our" refer to JPMorgan Financial.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. published this content on November 12, 2025, and is solely responsible for the information contained herein. Distributed via Edgar on November 12, 2025 at 15:47 UTC. If you believe the information included in the content is inaccurate or outdated and requires editing or removal, please contact us at [email protected]