High Roller Technologies Inc.

03/10/2026 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 03/10/2026 14:32

Annual Report for Fiscal Year Ending 12-31, 2025 (Form 10-K)

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following management's discussion and analysis ("MD&A") in conjunction with the information set forth within the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report. Some of the information contained in this MD&A or set forth elsewhere in this Annual Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the "Forward-Looking Statements" and "Risk Factors" sections of this Annual Report for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following MD&A.

Our Business

We are an evolving and growth-oriented global online gaming operator focused on providing its customers with the most exciting, enjoyable and compelling online experience on the market. Our experienced operational management team actively oversees engagement with its players and partners. The Company's Platform is based around a set of gaming products, which the Company refers to as "iCasino" and is offered to players in select markets throughout the world. We currently offers more than 6,000 games from over 90 providers, representing largely the entire range of iCasino games which are most attractive to our player base including video slots, blackjack, roulette, baccarat, craps, and video poker. A number of the Company's games are available to play with a live dealer including blackjack, video poker, roulette, baccarat, craps, Game Shows and other popular live games.

High Roller Technologies, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in 2021 as a holding company, with the intent to seek an initial public offering on a United States securities exchange. In January 2022 we launched HighRoller.com to deliver more immersive real money gaming experiences for the iCasino market. Prior to our transition to the HighRoller.com Platform we operated our online iCasino activities under the casinoroom.com domain name. We operate an online gaming business offering casino games to customers in various jurisdictions worldwide under the HighRoller.com, Kassuuu.com and fruta.com domain names principally utilized our Curacao license, and are currently under our Estonian license.

Through our Platform we provide iCasino, or online casino, consisting of the full suite of games available in land-based casinos, such as blackjack, roulette, baccarat, poker, and slot machines. We generate revenue through hold, or gross winnings, as users play against the house. We believe iCasino provides lower volatility versus land-based casinos due to easier advance-based predictions on gaming rules and statistics.

We currently are present and active in several markets around the world. Our focus will primarily be to enter regulated markets in Europe and North America. We intend to seek entry into one or more regulated North American markets but have not identified any target or budgeted any amount for such entries. We currently expect that initial entry into the regulated Ontario market to occur in approximately the first half of 2026. No assurance can be given that these efforts will prove successful. Our business may suffer if we are unable to open new geographical markets or if we are unable to continue expanding within existing markets.

We are implementing a multi-brand strategy to launch new brands utilizing our current licenses and using our existing resources. The scalability of our Platform allows the Company to use existing resources to launch new brands that provide access to new target demographics and generate new revenues through existing player acquisition channels while maintaining the current cost structure with nominal incremental costs. The conversion of marketing spend into new player acquisition or existing player reactivation on our current and future portfolio of brands will ultimately determine where player acquisition funds are spent on a market-to-market basis. While no assurances can be given that these efforts will be successful, and management's time as well as nominal incremental costs may be spent with limited financial results, management believes that this strategy mitigates any material negative impact on operations or financial position by leveraging scalable processes and technologies within our Platform. If market reception is successful, a new brand may generate material revenue. We soft launched our second active brand, Fruta.com, in December 2023, allowing select players to test the website prior to going live in February 2024. In September 2025 we launched our third brand, Kassuuu.com. We are currently exploring opportunities for other future brand launches.

We obtain our iCasino game offerings from over 90 suppliers such as Pragmatic Play, Push Gaming, Evolution Gaming for Live Dealer Services, Big Time Gaming, Red Tiger Gaming, Play'n Go, Netent, Quickspin and others. These content and gaming licenses are subject to standard revenue-share agreements, whereby suppliers receive a percentage of the net gaming revenue generated from their respective casino games and payment combinations, including agreed upon fixed costs.

Our plan is to excite the iCasino industry by focusing on streaming and social experiences based on real money gaming experiences for the customer.

During the first half of 2022, we rebranded our iCasino operations from CasinoRoom.com to HighRoller.com and concurrently commenced to reposition our legacy gaming operator "CasinoRoom.com" into an online casino ratings and reviews portal that would generate high-value leads and targeted search engine traffic (SEO) for HighRoller.com and customer leads for other casinos particularly in markets that we do not serve. On December 31, 2025 we divested Casinoroom.com. See Note 18 for details.

Spike Up Media, an affiliate of our founders, is one of a handful of globally foremost providers of lead generation and we believe that our association with Spike Up Media provides high-quality, cost-effective lead generation converting into active customers which together with our favorable customer acquisition costs and customer retention will result in favorable gross operating margins.

Below is a quarterly breakdown for the periods indicated of the non-financial key performance indicators of

 quarterly active users, defined as the number of users who placed at least one bet during a respective quarter;

 quarterly unique depositing customers ("UDCs"), defined as the number of unique users who made at least one deposit during a respective quarter; and

 quarterly wagers, defined as the total amount of real money bets placed by our users.

Quarterly Active Users

Quarterly UDCs

Quarterly Wagers (in thousands)

Q1 2024

22,366

20,805

$

187,426

Q2 2024

22,505

21,170

$

159,786

Q3 2024

25,326

23,224

$

158,494

Q4 2024

34,652

31,464

$

155,798

Q1 2025

29,946

27,289

$

153,298

Q2 2025

19,675

17,036

$

153,150

Q3 2025

21,800

20,128

$

146,686

Q4 2025

16,943

15,199

$

104,228

We believe that ours is an attractive proposition which extends beyond a dynamic base product offering to one that has a broad selection of entertaining and exciting content having more than 6,000 slot and other iCasino games, with a number of our most popular games being available to play with a live dealer, such as blackjack, video poker, roulette, baccarat, and craps sourced from over 90 content providers. We provide loyalty program offers with generous cash back, inviting hospitality experiences, other welcoming introductory services and longer play incentives. All our players are treated with an attractive welcome package of bonuses and free spins on popular slots. Each time a player levels up to a next tier of play, the player is instantly rewarded with free spins at the slots they prefer at their then stake levels of play. We focus on a rapid registration process and allow players one tap search to discover and select their games of choice. Our players also appreciate rapid payment processing through our automated cashier.

We currently accept wagers in multiple currencies. We generated approximately $557.4 millionin customer-paid real money bets during the year ended December 31, 2025and $661.5 millionin customer-paid real money bets during the year ended December 31, 2024utilizing our HighRoller.com domain name. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the average revenue per user was $258 as compared to approximately $252per user for the same period in 2024. The decrease in overall bets was due to the focus on more profitable markets, as the revenue per user increased year over year. User deposits were approximately $87 million during the year ended December 31, 2025as compared to deposits of almost $90million during the same period in 2024. During the year ended December 31, 2025, we had approximately 88,364active users as compared to approximately 104,849active users for the same period in 2024, representing period over period decline of approximately 16%. Furthermore, during the year ended December 31, 2025, we had approximately 38,517 first time depositors and approximately 79,652 unique depositors as compared to approximately 58,300first time depositors and approximately 96,663unique depositors for the same period in 2024, representing period over period decrease of approximately 34% and 18%, respectively. Our net gaming revenue was $20.5 million and $23.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2025and 2024, respectively.

Our gaming operations extend across international markets by arrangements that utilize third party licenses authorized by other local and remote authorities. We expect that new geographical markets will be material additional drivers of our revenue growth and profit in subsequent years. Through our relationship with Spike Up Media we are able to outsource parts of our marketing department, resulting in access to broader industry knowledge than would otherwise be readily available to us, as well as give us the ability to scale much quicker and more effectively than many of our competitors. By way of illustration, when entering a new market we will need to hire additional staff, familiarize ourselves with such matters as demographics, language, favorable selling points, pitfalls to avoid, competitor presentations and operations, and other market specific facts through expensive and time-consuming testing and data gathering. Our access to Spike Up's extensive experience and market data provide us immediate market intelligence and allows us to drive viable leads in most active casino markets from the time that we access those markets. We anticipate that this accelerated new market entry will reduce costs and allow for earlier market acceptance than that which we might be able to achieve on a standalone basis. We believe that the most efficient allocation of our resources does not currently allow us to build, design and deploy proprietary games and as a result we focus our resources on aggregating and curating iCasino games from over 90 dedicated game development studios. This is not inclusive of discontinued operations. See footnote 18 for more details.

Reverse Stock Split

On January 16, 2024, our Board of Directors approved and our shareholders ratified a 1-for-3.95689 reverse stock split of our outstanding shares of common stock, which became effective on that date. All share and per share amounts have been retroactively restated.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period.

For the Year Ended

December 31,

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

2025

2024

Revenues, net

$

20,453

$

23,206

Operating expenses

Direct operating costs:

Related party

1,111

3,650

Other

8,185

10,276

General and administrative:

Related party

-

Other

9,878

9,110

Advertising and promotions:

Related party

1,166

Other

4,884

6,676

Product and software development:

Related party

-

Other

1,337

Total operating expenses

26,630

31,694

Loss from operations

(6,177)

(8,488)

Other expenses

Interest expense, net

(74)

(124)

Other (expense) income

(1)

Gain on acquisition of intangible assets

4,000

-

Total other expenses

3,925

(123)

Loss before income taxes

(2,252)

(8,611)

Income tax expense (benefit)

(2,942)

Net Income (loss) from continuing operations

$

690

$

(8,618)

Net income from discontinued operations net of taxes

$

2,471

$

2,695

Net income (loss)

$

3,161

$

(5,923)

Other comprehensive income (loss)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

(167)

Comprehensive income (loss)

$

3,240

$

(6,090)

Non-GAAP information

This Report includes Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per Share, which are non-GAAP financial measures that we use to supplement our results presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per Share are useful in evaluating our operating performance, similar to measures reported by our publicly-listed U.S. competitors, and regularly used by security analysts, institutional investors and other interested parties in analyzing operating performance and prospects. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per Share are not intended to be a substitute for any U.S. GAAP financial measure. As calculated, they may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of performance of other companies in other industries or within the same industry.

We define and calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before the impact of interest income and expense, income tax provision or benefit, and depreciation and amortization, and further adjusted for the following items: stock-based compensation; and other non-recurring and non-operating costs or income, as described in the reconciliation below.

We define and calculate Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per Share as basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders before the impact of amortization of acquired intangible assets; stock-based compensation; and other non-recurring and non-operating costs or income, as described in the reconciliation below.

We include non-GAAP financial measures because they are used by management to evaluate our core operating performance and trends and to make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital and new investments. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Earnings (Loss) Per Share exclude certain expenses that are required in accordance with U.S. GAAP because they are non-recurring items (for example, in the case of severance costs), non-cash expenditures (for example, in the case of amortization of acquired intangible assets, depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation), or non-operating items which are not related to our underlying business performance (for example, in the case of interest expense).

Adjusted EBITDA

The table below presents the Company's Adjusted EBITDA reconciled to our net income (loss), which is the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

2025

2024

Revenues

$

20,453

$

23,206

Net income (loss)

(8,618)

Add back items:

Stock-based compensation expense (1)

1,374

1,052

Depreciation and amortization (2)

Issuance of warrants

-

Interest expense, net

Income tax

(2,942)

Foreign exchange transaction loss

1,137

Other (3)

(3,744)

Adjusted EBITDA

$

(3,737)

$

(5,692)

Adjusted EBITDA margin

(18.00)

%

(25.00)

%

Adjusted (loss) per share

(0.39)

(0.79)

(1) Includes restricted shares, stock options, equity-settled restricted share units, cash-settled restricted share units and equity-settled performance-based restricted share units granted to employees and directors (including related employer payroll taxes).

(2) Includes amortization of intangible assets generated through business acquisitions and depreciation of property and equipment, amortization of contract costs, and amortization of internally developed software and other intangible assets. Excludes amortization of right of use assets.

(3) Includes severance costs, non-recurring compensation payments and gain on acquisition.

Revenue

Revenue decreasedby $2.8 millionor 11.9%, to $20.5 millionduring the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $23.2 millionduring the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to the exit from certain markets such as Norway, causing a decrease of $3.0 million, due to a change in the regulatory environment in those markets, offset by increases in Finland of $1.7 million. The amount of real money bets during the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024 was approximately $557.4 million and $638.4 million, respectively. Although total real money bets decreased by approximately 13% during the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, the decrease in revenue of approximately 11.9% still generated improved operating results as the new focused markets that generate more profitable revenue per user.

The Company's revenue by country for those with significant revenue for the periods indicated are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

(in thousands)

2025

2024

Finland

$

12,325

%

$

10,675

%

New Zealand

4,321

%

5,337

%

Norway

%

3,017

%

Canada

2,226

%

3,249

%

Rest of world

%

%

Total Revenue

$

20,453

%

$

23,206

%

Direct operating costs

Direct operating costs (related party) decreased by $2.5 millionor 69.6%, to $1.1 millionduring the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $3.6 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2024, which is primarily related to a decrease in user acquisition where revenue share agreements existed and utilizing fewer related party affiliate marketing partners.

Direct operating costs (other) decreasedby $2.1 millionor 20.3%, to $8.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $10.3 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2024. This is primarily related to the decrease in user acquisition where revenue share agreements, which are accounted for in direct operating costs, existed, $0.5 million, a decrease of $0.8 million in payment provider fees as we exited markets with higher fees than new focused markets and $0.4 million decrease of game provider fees as revenue decreased and fees are a percentage of GGR.

Of the total direct operating costs of $9.3 millionand $13.9 millionfor the years ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, $3.5 million and $5.6 million, respectively, was related to revenue share paid to marketing partners for the successful acquisition of revenue generating players through their marketing channels.

General and administrative

General and administrative (related party) increased by $69 thousand, for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $0 the year ended December 31, 2024as the company used internal resources for administrative work for the year ended December 31, 2025.

General and administrative expenses (other) increased by $768 thousandor 8.4%, to $9.9 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $9.1 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by an increase of $0.4 million in insurance costs, $0.1 million related to investor relations and $0.3 million increase in consulting labor costs.

Also included in general and administrative expenses (other) are foreign currency transaction losses, which decreased by $0.6 million to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a more favorable exchange rate from Euro to USD.

Advertising and promotion

Advertising and promotions (related party) expenses increased by $210 thousandor 22.0%, to $1.2 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $956 thousandfor the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by our increase in SEO expense and part of the marketing efforts in the first quarter of 2025.

Advertising and promotions expenses (other) decreased by $1.8 millionor 26.8%, to $4.9 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $6.7 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease is primarily attributable to decreased affiliate commission cost per acquisition as cost cutting efforts and new marketing strategy implemented in the second half of 2025 that focuses on different marketing methods and new markets.

Product and software development

Product and software development (related party) expenses decreased to $0 for the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $208 thousandfor year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease is primarily due to utilizing a 3rdparty for custom developments as compared to using a related party for 2024.

Product and software development (other) expenses increased by $519 thousandor 63.4%, to $1.3 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $818 thousandfor the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase is primarily driven by an increase in product development activity utilizing development resources from third parties as well as internal development resources.

Loss from operations

Loss from operations was $6.2 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $8.5 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to the cost cutting and focusing on more profitable markets in 2025.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net was $74 thousandfor the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $124 thousandfor the year ended December 31, 2024, and consisted primarily of non-cash interest expense related to the amortization of the present value discount of the domain name purchase liability (a related party liability).

Loss before income taxes

Loss before income taxes was $2.3 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to $8.6 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2024.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense (benefit) was $(2.9) millionand $7 thousandfor the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The benefit is due to the release of the valuation of allowance in 2025.

Net income (loss) from continuing operations

Net income from continuing operations was $690 thousandfor the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to net loss from continuing operations of $8.6 millionfor the year ended December 31, 2024. The improvement is primarily driven by cost cutting efforts, the gain on the acquisition of intangible assets and the release of a valuation allowance in 2025.

Other Trends Impacting Our Business

Our results of operations can and generally do fluctuate due to other factors such as level of customer engagement, online casino results and other factors that are outside of our control or that we cannot reasonably predict. Our annual financial performance depends on our ability to attract and retain customers. Customer engagement in our online offerings may vary due to, among other things, customer satisfaction with our platform, our offerings and those of our competitors, our marketing efforts, public sentiment or an economic downturn. As customer engagement varies, so may our annual financial performance.

Our annual financial results may also be impacted by the number and amount of betting losses and jackpot payouts we experience. Although our losses are limited per stake to a maximum payout in our online casino offering, when looking at bets across a period of time, these losses can be significant. As part of our online casino offerings, we offer local progressive jackpot games that are operated by us and larger progressive jackpots which are "global," operating across multiple operators and guaranteed by our game suppliers, generally Games Global or Netent. Each time a customer plays one of our local progressive jackpot games, we contribute a portion of the amount bet to the jackpot for that game or group of games. When a progressive jackpot is won, the jackpot is paid out and is reset to a predetermined base amount. As winning the jackpot is determined by a random mechanism, we cannot foresee when a jackpot will be won and we do not insure against jackpot payouts. Paying the local progressive jackpot decreases our cash position and, depending upon the size of the jackpot, payouts may have a significant negative affect on our cash flow and financial condition. Global progressive jackpots are guaranteed and paid by the game suppliers and are not a liability directly affecting us.

We operate within the global gaming and entertainment industry, which is comprised of diverse products and offerings that compete for consumers' time and disposable income. We face and expect to continue to face significant competition from other industry players both within existing and new markets including from competitors with access to more resources or experience. Customer demands for new and innovative offerings and features require us to continue to invest in new technologies and content to improve the customer experience. Many jurisdictions in which we operate or intend to operate in the future have unique regulatory and/or technological requirements, which require us to have robust, scalable networks and infrastructure, and agile engineering and software development capabilities. The global gaming and entertainment industry has seen significant consolidation, regulatory change and technological development over the last few years, and we expect this trend to continue into the foreseeable future, which may create opportunities for us but may also create competitive and margin pressures.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We measure liquidity in terms of our ability to fund the cash requirements of our business operations, including working capital and capital expenditure needs, contractual obligations and other commitments, with cash flows from operations. Our current working capital needs relate mainly to supporting our existing businesses, the growth of these businesses in their existing markets and their expansion into other geographic regions, as well as our employees' compensation and benefits. Historically, we have relied on affiliates and related party relationships to support our working capital needs for operations.

We had $2.1 millionand $6.9 millionin cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2025and 2024, respectively (excluding customer cash deposits, which we segregate from our operating cash balances on behalf of our real-money customers for all jurisdictions and products, and restricted cash). As of the year ended December 31, 2025we had net income from continuing operations of $690 thousand, had net cash used in operations of $3.2 million, had an accumulated deficit of $24.3 million, and had negative working capital of $1.3 million.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 205-40, Going Concern, the Company's management has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the Consolidated Financial Statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists under this methodology, the Company's management evaluates whether the mitigating effect of its plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of its plans, however, is only considered if both (1) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued, and (2) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the Consolidated Financial Statements are issued.

The Company's history of operating losses and negative operating cash flows initially raised substantial doubt regarding its ability to continue as a going concern. However, based on management's current operating plan, the Company believes its cash on hand from a private placement offering and direct offering generating gross proceeds of approximately $26 million, and the projected cash generated from operations, are sufficient to fund the Company's operations for a period of a least 12 months subsequent to the issuance of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and alleviates the conditions that initially raised substantial doubt regarding the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

At December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we did not have any transactions, obligations or relationships that could be considered off-balance sheet arrangements.

Cash flows

The following table shows our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the stated periods:

Year Ended

December 31,

(in thousands)

2025

2024

Net cash used in operating activities

$

(3,233)

$

(3,906)

Net cash used in investing activities

(1,560)

(471)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

(90)

7,680

Effective of exchange rate changes on cash

(406)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash

$

(5,289)

$

3,909

Net cash used in operations during the year ended December 31, 2025, was $3.2 millionas compared to net cash used in operations of $3.9 millionduring the year ended December 31, 2024. The change during the year ended December 31, 2025, as compared to the year ended December 31, 2024, is primarily due to a net increase in the various operating asset and liability accounts, particularly the net increase in due to affiliates, as well as an increase in share-based compensation expense. This is due to the settlement of domain name purchase and payment of player acquisition expenses to a related party.

Net cash used in investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2025, was $1.6 millionas compared to net cash used in investing activities of $471 thousandduring the year ended December 31, 2024. The change is due to capitalized internal-use software costs partially offset by a decrease in purchases of property and equipment during the period.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2025, was $90 thousandas compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. The most significant variance is due to IPO proceeds received during the period ended December 31, 2024, along with capitalization of gaming license costs in 2025.

Restricted cash (current) was $589 thousandand $1.1 millionat December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. This is due to a less rolling serves required by payment service providers as we exited Norway market and funds caught up by payment service providers which as classified as restricted cash.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Please see Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Some of those judgments can be subjective and complex, and therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include those related to assumptions used in accruals for potential legal and other liabilities, recovery of amounts held in escrow, realization of intangible assets, share-based compensation, accrued jackpots and the realization of deferred tax assets.

The following critical accounting estimates affect the more significant judgements and estimates used in the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, operating lease-right of use assets and indefinite lived assets (i.e. trademarks and domain names).

We evaluate long-lived assets for indicators of impairment at least annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The factors that would be considered by management in performing this assessment include current operating results, trends and prospects, the manner in which the long-lived asset is used and the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors. If indicators of impairment are identified, we perform an undiscounted cash flow analysis of the long-lived assets. Asset groups are written down only to the extent that their carrying value is lower than their respective fair value. Fair values of the asset group are determined by discounting the cash flows at a rate that approximates the cost of capital of a market participant.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trademarks and domain names. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized; rather they are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In addition, management evaluates whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. Impairment tests are performed, at a minimum, in the fourth quarter of each year.

To test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, we first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative impairment test is performed. The qualitative assessment requires the consideration of factors such as recent market transactions, macroeconomic conditions, and changes in projected future cash flows. The quantitative assessment compares the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess. Fair values of indefinite-lived intangible assets are determined based on discounted cash flows.

The Company conducted an impairment analysis with respect to the HighRoller domain name at December 31, 2025 which concluded that the fair value, determined using a discounted cash flow analysis, substantially exceed their carrying value, and thus they were not impaired. Projected cash flows included an estimated commission fee for referring a player who opens an account with a deposit to an online gaming site, as well as future revenue sharing agreements for those customers based upon net gaming revenue over an estimated gaming period ranging from approximately 5 months to 12 months. The Company did not have any impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets during the year ended December 31, 2025.

We did not have any impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Share-Based Compensation

We record share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation("ASC 718") and recognize share-based compensation expense in the period in which a grantee is required to provide service, which is generally over the vesting period of the individual share-based payment award. Compensation expense for awards with performance conditions is not recognized until it is probable that the performance target will be achieved. Compensation expense for awards is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Unit awards are classified as either an equity award or a liability award depending on whether the award contains certain repurchase provisions. Equity-classified awards are valued as of the grant date based upon the price of the underlying unit or share and a number of assumptions, including volatility, performance period, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Liability-classified awards are valued at fair value at each reporting date.

Going Concern

ASC 205-40 Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern, requires management to assess the reporting entity's ability to continue as a going concern. In accordance with this guidance, we have evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the Consolidated Financial Statements are issued.

Determining the extent to which conditions or events raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern requires significant judgement and estimation by us. Our significant estimates related to this analysis may include identifying business factors such as revenue growth and profitability used in the forecasted financial results. We believe that the estimated values used in our going concern analysis are based on reasonable assumptions. However, such assumptions are inherently uncertain and actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Income Taxes

We comply with the accounting and reporting requirements of ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances in respect of deferred tax assets are provided for, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts more likely than not to be realized.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition. Any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions will be recognized as a component of income tax expense.

Emerging Growth Company Accounting Election

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 ("JOBS Act") exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. We are an "emerging growth company" as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. The Company remains an emerging growth company and is expected to continue to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions for emerging growth companies because of the potential differences in accounting standards use

High Roller Technologies Inc. published this content on March 10, 2026, and is solely responsible for the information contained herein. Distributed via EDGAR on March 10, 2026 at 20:32 UTC. If you believe the information included in the content is inaccurate or outdated and requires editing or removal, please contact us at [email protected]