03/04/2026 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 03/04/2026 16:26
DFA INVESTMENT DIMENSIONS GROUP INC.
DIMENSIONAL INVESTMENT GROUP INC.
6300 Bee Cave Road, Building One, Austin, Texas 78746
Telephone: (512) 306-7400
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
February 28, 2026
ETF CLASS SHARES
DFA Investment Dimensions Group Inc. ("DFAIDG") is an open-end management investment company that offers one-hundred and three series of shares. Dimensional Investment Group Inc. ("DIG") is an open-end management investment company that offers ten series of shares. DFAIDG and DIG are collectively referred to as the "Fund" in this Statement of Additional Information ("SAI"). This SAI relates to the ETF Class shares of twelve series of DFAIDG, and one series of DIG (individually, a "Portfolio" and collectively, the "Portfolios"):
|
Portfolio: |
Exchange: |
Ticker: |
|
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
DLCU |
|
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
DSLE |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DSSV |
|
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DSTV |
|
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DSEO |
|
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DSCE |
|
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DSVE |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DSCS |
|
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DFMC |
|
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DSHP |
|
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
NYSE Arca, Inc. |
DSRE |
|
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
DULG |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
DUSG |
|
|
This SAI is not a Prospectus but should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the ETF Class shares of the Portfolios dated February 28, 2026, as amended from time to time. As of the date of this SAI, the ETF Class shares of the Portfolios have not yet commenced operations. The audited financial statements and financial highlights of the Institutional Class shares of the Portfolios for their fiscal year ended October 31, 2025 are incorporated by reference from DFAIDG's (here and here) and DIG's Annual Financial Statements & Other Information. A free copy of the Prospectus, annual report, and Annual Financial Statements & Other Information can be obtained by contacting your investment representative, writing to the above address or by calling the above telephone number. |
|||
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
GENERAL INFORMATION |
1 |
|
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING |
2 |
|
PORTFOLIO CHARACTERISTICS, POLICIES AND INVESTMENT PROCESS |
3 |
|
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS |
4 |
|
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS |
7 |
|
SWAPS |
9 |
|
FUTURES CONTRACTS |
11 |
|
EXCLUSION FROM COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR STATUS |
12 |
|
GENERAL MARKET AND GEOPOLITICAL RISKS |
12 |
|
POLITICAL, UNITED KINGDOM AND EUROPEAN MARKET RELATED RISKS |
13 |
|
CASH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES |
13 |
|
REFLOW REDEMPTION SERVICES |
14 |
|
INTERFUND BORROWING AND LENDING |
15 |
|
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, DELAYED DELIVERY, AND FORWARD COMMITMENT TRANSACTIONS |
15 |
|
EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS |
15 |
|
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATES |
16 |
|
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS |
16 |
|
SERVICES TO THE FUND |
34 |
|
MANAGEMENT FEES |
37 |
|
FEE WAIVER AND EXPENSE ASSUMPTION AGREEMENTS |
39 |
|
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS |
41 |
|
CODE OF ETHICS |
44 |
|
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS |
44 |
|
PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES |
46 |
|
CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS |
46 |
|
TAXATION OF THE PORTFOLIOS AND THEIR SHAREHOLDERS |
54 |
|
PROXY VOTING POLICIES |
68 |
|
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS |
70 |
|
SECURITIES LENDING |
71 |
|
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
73 |
|
PERFORMANCE DATA |
73 |
GENERAL INFORMATION
DFAIDG was incorporated under Maryland law on June 15, 1981. Until June 1983, DFAIDG was named DFA Small Company Fund Inc. Until September 1995, U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio was named U.S. Small Cap High Book to Market Portfolio; and U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio was named The Small Company Shares. From September 1995 until December 1996, The DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio was named DFA/AEW Real Estate Securities Portfolio. Until September 1995, the U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio was named The U.S. Small Cap High Book to Market Portfolio. From September 1995 until August 1997, the U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio was named the U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio. From August 1997 to April 1, 2001, the U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio was known as the U.S. 6-10 Value Portfolio. From September 1995 until April 1, 2001, the U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio was named the U.S. 9-10 Small Company Portfolio. From April 1, 2001 to December 12, 2006, the U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio was known as the U.S. Small XM Value Portfolio. Prior to April 1, 2001, the U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio, the U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio, the U.S. Small Cap Portfolio and the U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio were known as the U.S. 4-10 Value Portfolio, the U.S. 6-10 Value Portfolio, the U.S. 6-10 Small Company Portfolio and the U.S. 9-10 Small Company Portfolio, respectively. Effective as of March 30, 2007, the U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio was no longer a feeder portfolio and now holds the portfolio securities previously held by The U.S. Targeted Value Series, the Master Fund in which the U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio invested. Effective as of February 28, 2009, the U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio was no longer a feeder portfolio and now holds the portfolio securities previously held by The U.S. Small Cap Value Series, the Master Fund in which the U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio invested. Effective as of February 28, 2009, the U.S. Small Cap Portfolio was no longer a feeder portfolio and now holds the portfolio securities previously held by The U.S. Small Cap Series, the Master Fund in which the U.S. Small Cap Portfolio invested. Effective as of February 28, 2009, the U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio was no longer a feeder portfolio and now holds the portfolio securities previously held by The U.S. Micro Cap Series, the Master Fund in which the U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio invested.
DIG was incorporated under Maryland law on March 19, 1990. DIG was known as DFA U.S. Large Cap Inc. from February 1992, until it amended its Articles of Incorporation in April 1993, to change to its present name. Prior to the February 1992 amendment to the Articles of Incorporation, DIG was known as DFA U.S. Large Cap Portfolio Inc. Until May 8, 2010, U.S. Large Company Portfolio was named U.S. Large Company Institutional Index Portfolio. Effective as of September 10, 2010, the U.S. Large Company Portfolio was no longer a feeder portfolio and now holds the portfolio securities previously held by The U.S. Large Company Series, the Master Fund in which the U.S. Large Company Portfolio invested.
The Portfolios offer two classes of shares: Institutional Class shares and ETF Class shares. This SAI describes ETF Class shares of the Portfolios, which are listed for trading on a national securities exchange during the trading day. Institutional Class shares of the Portfolios, which are not exchange-traded and are described in a separate SAI, generally are available for investment only by institutional clients, clients of registered investment advisors, clients of financial institutions, and a limited number of certain other investors, each as approved from time to time by Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (the "Advisor" or "Dimensional").
Except in connection with a shareholder's conversion of a Portfolio's Institutional Class shares into such Portfolio's ETF Class shares, each Portfolio offers, issues and redeems shares at net asset value ("NAV") only in large aggregations of ETF Class shares (each a "Creation Unit"). Creation Units typically are a specified number of ETF Class shares. Generally, a Creation Unit will consist of the following number of ETF Class shares or multiples thereof:
|
Portfolio |
Creation Unit |
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
5,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
1
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
25,000 Shares |
In the event of liquidation of a Portfolio, the Fund may lower the number of ETF Class shares in a Creation Unit. In its discretion, the Advisor reserves the right to increase or decrease the number of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares that constitute a Creation Unit. The Board of Directors reserves the right to declare a split or a consolidation in the number of ETF Class shares outstanding of a Portfolio, and to make a corresponding change in the number of ETF Class shares constituting a Creation Unit. Each Portfolio may issue Creation Units of its ETF Class shares to Authorized Participants (as defined in the "Creation and Redemption of Creation Units" section of this SAI) in exchange for a designated basket of portfolio investments (including cash in lieu of any portion of such investments), together with the deposit of a specified cash payment and applicable fees as described below. ETF Class shares of the Portfolios are listed and trade on NYSE Arca, Inc. ("NYSE Arca"), except for the ETF Class shares of U.S. Large Company Portfolio, U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio, U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio and U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio, which are listed and trade on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC ("Nasdaq" and together with NYSE Arca, the "Exchange"), each a national securities exchange. ETF Class shares of the Portfolios are traded in the secondary market and elsewhere at market prices that may be at, above or below the NAV of the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio. ETF Class shares of the Portfolios are redeemable only in Creation Units by Authorized Participants in exchange for a designated basket of portfolio investments (including cash in lieu of any portion of such investments) together with a specified amount of cash and applicable fees as described below.
The Fund reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of ETF Class shares be effected entirely in cash, in-kind or a combination thereof. Fees imposed by a Portfolio in connection with creations and redemptions of ETF Class shares ("Transaction Fees") and other costs associated with creations or redemptions that include cash may be higher than Transaction Fees and other costs associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, conditions with respect to creations and redemptions of ETF Class shares and fees will be limited in accordance with the requirements of SEC rules and regulations applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities. See the "Creation and Redemption of Creation Units" section of this SAI for more information.
Each Portfolio is a separate series of the Fund, and shares of each class of a Portfolio represent an equal proportionate interest in the Portfolio. All consideration received by the Fund for shares of a Portfolio and all assets of a Portfolio belong solely to that Portfolio and would be subject to liabilities related thereto.
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio will continue to be met. The Exchange will consider the suspension of trading in, and will commence delisting proceedings of, the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio under any of the following circumstances: (i) if the Exchange becomes aware that the Portfolio is no longer eligible to operate in reliance on the Registrant's exemptive order or any SEC rule under the Investment Company Act of 1940 that provides relief permitting the operation of a multi-class ETF fund structure; (ii) if the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio no longer comply with the requirements set forth in the relevant listing standards of the Exchange; (iii) if following the initial 12-month period beginning upon the commencement of trading of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio, there are fewer than 50 beneficial holders of the ETF Class shares; or (iv) any other event shall occur or condition shall exist that, in the opinion of the Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. The Exchange will remove the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio from listing and trading upon termination of the class.
As is the case with other stocks traded on the Exchange, brokers' commissions on transactions will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels. Negotiated commission rates only apply to investors who
2
will buy and sell ETF Class shares of a Portfolio in secondary market transactions through brokers on the Exchange and does not apply to investors such as market makers, large investors and institutions who wish to deal in Creation Units directly with the Portfolio.
The Fund reserves the right to adjust the price levels of the ETF Class shares in the future to help maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits, which would have no effect on the net assets of the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio.
Continuous Offering
The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units are issued and sold by a Portfolio on an ongoing basis, at any point a "distribution," as such term is used in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"), may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner that could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.
For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Portfolios' distributor, breaks them down into constituent ETF Class shares and sells such ETF Class shares directly to customers or if it chooses to couple the creation of new ETF Class shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for ETF Class shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.
Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not "underwriters" but are effecting transactions in ETF Class shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of ETF Class shares, generally are required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(a)(3) of the 1933 Act is not available in respect of such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus delivery obligation with respect to ETF Class shares of a Portfolio are reminded that, pursuant to Rule 153 under the 1933 Act, a prospectus delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on the Exchange generally is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the Exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is available only with respect to transactions on an exchange.
The Advisor or its affiliates may purchase and resell ETF Class shares of a Portfolio through a broker-dealer to "seed" a Portfolio as it is launched, or may purchase and resell ETF Class shares of a Portfolio from other broker-dealers that have previously provided "seed" capital for a Portfolio when it was launched, or otherwise in secondary market transactions.
PORTFOLIO CHARACTERISTICS, POLICIES AND INVESTMENT PROCESS
Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (the "Advisor" or "Dimensional") serves as investment advisor to each of the Portfolios. The Advisor is organized as a Delaware limited partnership and is controlled and operated by its general partner, Dimensional Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation.
The following information supplements the information set forth in the Prospectus. Unless otherwise indicated, the following information applies to all of the Portfolios. Capitalized terms not otherwise defined in this SAI have the meaning assigned to them in the Prospectus.
Each of the Portfolios (excluding the U.S. Large Company Portfolio) is diversified under the federal securities laws and regulations. The U.S. Large Company Portfolio, however, intends to be diversified in approximately the same proportion that the S&P 500® Index is diversified, but may become "nondiversified" under the federal securities laws and regulations solely as a result of a change in the relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the S&P 500® Index. A non-diversified fund can invest a greater
3
percentage of its assets in a small number of issuers or any one issuer than a diversified fund can. In such circumstances, the U.S. Large Company Portfolio may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may negatively impact the Portfolio's performance and result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Portfolio's shares and greater risk of loss.
Because the structure of the Portfolios is based on the relative market capitalizations of eligible holdings, it is possible that the Portfolios might include at least 5% of the outstanding voting securities of one or more issuers. In such circumstances, a Portfolio and the issuer would be deemed affiliated persons and certain requirements under the federal securities laws and regulations regulating dealings between investment companies and their affiliates might become applicable.
Each of the Portfolios has adopted a non-fundamental policy as required by Rule 35d-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act") that, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of each Portfolio's net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, will be invested in a specific type of investment. For purposes of each 80% policy, the value of the derivatives in which a Portfolio invests will be calculated in the same way that the values of derivatives are calculated when calculating a Portfolio's net asset value. Derivative instruments are valued at market price (not notional value) and may be fair valued, for purposes of calculating a Portfolio's net asset value. Additionally, if a Portfolio changes its 80% investment policy, the Portfolio will notify shareholders at least 60 days before the change, and will change the name of the Portfolio. For more information on each Portfolio's specific 80% policy, see each Portfolio's "PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES" section in the Prospectus.
With respect to each Portfolio (other than U.S. Large Company Portfolio and DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio), the Advisor has adopted a process that monitors environmental, social, and governance news and large share price movements of eligible portfolio companies to identify issuers whose future financial data may be negatively impacted to a significant degree by environmental, social, or governance factors. The Advisor may use third party tools to assist in filtering news focused on environmental, social and governance issues. Companies that are identified through this process are escalated to the members of the Advisor's portfolio management team for further evaluation. After review, if the portfolio management team determines that an issuer's future financial data is likely to be significantly impacted, the issuer may be underweighted, temporarily excluded from further investment, or divested from a Portfolio.
BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS
The following discussion relates to the policies of the Portfolios with respect to brokerage commissions. The Portfolios will incur brokerage costs when engaging in portfolio transactions for securities. However, the Portfolios will not incur any brokerage costs in connection with their purchase or redemption of shares of other investment companies managed by the Advisor.
The following table reports brokerage commissions paid by the Portfolios during the fiscal years ended October 31, 2025, October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023.
|
Portfolio |
FISCAL YEAR ENDED 2025 |
FISCAL YEAR ENDED 2024 |
FISCAL YEAR ENDED 2023 |
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
$119,584 |
$107,718 |
$72,820 |
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$36,336 |
$41,597 |
$29,148 |
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
$1,085,088 |
$1,721,689 |
$1,613,090 |
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
$1,028,314 |
$1,079,746 |
$1,119,509 |
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
$265,017 |
$584,101 |
$686,031 |
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
$552,176 |
$853,763 |
$648,542 |
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
$131,601 |
$251,377 |
$167,706 |
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
$878,641 |
$1,109,335 |
$1,355,879 |
4
|
Portfolio |
FISCAL YEAR ENDED 2025 |
FISCAL YEAR ENDED 2024 |
FISCAL YEAR ENDED 2023 |
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
$677,003 |
$403,804 |
$869,192 |
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
$77,201 |
$85,589 |
$65,115 |
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
$158,546 |
$134,236 |
$127,802 |
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
$46,998 |
$55,220 |
$37,435 |
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
$114,153 |
$123,677 |
$81,554 |
The substantial increases or decreases in the amount of brokerage commissions paid by certain Portfolios from year to year resulted primarily from asset changes that required increases or decreases in the amount of securities that were bought and sold by those Portfolios.
Portfolio transactions of each Portfolio will be placed with a view to receiving the best price and execution. In addition, the Advisor will seek to acquire and dispose of securities in a manner which would cause as little fluctuation in the market prices of securities being purchased or sold as possible in light of the size of the transactions being effected, and brokers will be selected with this goal in view. The Advisor monitors the performance of brokers which effect transactions for each Portfolio to determine the effect that the brokers' trading has on the market prices of the securities in which the Portfolio invest. The Advisor also checks the rate of commission being paid by a Portfolio to their brokers to ascertain that the rates are competitive with those charged by other brokers for similar services.
Subject to the duty to seek to obtain best price and execution, transactions of the Portfolios may be placed with brokers that have assisted in the sale of Portfolio shares. The Advisor, however, pursuant to policies and procedures approved by the Boards of Directors of DFAIDG and DIG, is prohibited from selecting brokers and dealers to effect the portfolio securities transactions for a Portfolio based (in whole or in part) on a broker's or dealer's promotion or sale of shares issued by a Portfolio or any other registered investment companies.
Companies eligible for purchase by the Portfolios (except the U.S. Large Company Portfolio and U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio) may be thinly traded securities. The Advisor believes that it needs maximum flexibility to effect trades on a best execution basis. As deemed appropriate, the Advisor places buy and sell orders for the Portfolios with various brokerage firms that may act as principal or agent. The Advisor may also make use of direct market access and algorithmic, program or electronic trading methods. The Advisor may extensively use electronic trading systems as such systems can provide the ability to customize the orders placed and can assist in the Advisor's execution strategies.
Transactions also may be placed with brokers who provide the Advisor or the sub-advisors with investment research, such as: reports concerning individual issuers; general economic or industry reports or research data compilations; compilations of securities prices, earnings, dividends, and similar data; computerized databases; quotation services; trade analytics; ancillary brokerage services; and services of economic or other consultants. The Investment Management Agreement for the Portfolios permits the Advisor knowingly to pay commissions on these transactions that are greater than another broker, dealer, or exchange member might charge if the Advisor, in good faith, determines that the commissions paid are reasonable in relation to the research or brokerage services provided by the broker or dealer when viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities to the accounts under its management. Research services furnished by brokers through whom securities transactions are effected may be used by the Advisor in servicing all of its accounts and not all such services may be used by the Advisor with respect to the Portfolios.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, the Portfolios and the Advisor did not through an agreement or understanding with a broker, or otherwise through an internal allocation procedure, direct any of the Portfolio's brokerage transactions to a broker because of research services provided.
Certain Portfolios may purchase securities of their regular brokers or dealers (as defined in Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act). The table below lists the regular brokers or dealers of each Portfolio whose securities (or securities
5
of the broker's or dealer's parent company) were acquired by the Portfolio during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, as well as the value of such securities held by the Portfolio as of October 31, 2025.
|
Portfolio |
Broker or Dealer |
Value of Securities |
||||
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
Bank of America Corp. |
$9,278,386 |
||||
|
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
$6,250,232 |
|||||
|
Citigroup, Inc. |
$5,885,613 |
|||||
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
Bank of America Corp. |
$209,121,896 |
||||
|
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
$138,990,691 |
|||||
|
Citigroup, Inc. |
$70,062,498 |
|||||
|
Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. |
$18,358,900 |
|||||
|
Virtu Financial, Inc. |
$3,667,467 |
|||||
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
Bank of America Corp. |
$179,214,590 |
||||
|
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
$133,482,467 |
|||||
|
Citigroup, Inc. |
$95,292,658 |
|||||
|
Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. |
$19,213,637 |
|||||
|
Virtu Financial, Inc. |
$4,590,832 |
|||||
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. |
$13,945,800 |
||||
|
Bank of America Corp. |
$12,165,006 |
|||||
|
Citigroup, Inc. |
$6,309,970 |
|||||
|
Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. |
$2,927,522 |
|||||
|
Virtu Financial, Inc. |
$1,704,791 |
|||||
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
Virtu Financial, Inc. |
$13,565,581 |
||||
|
Jefferies Financial Group, Inc. |
$5,404,984 |
|||||
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
Virtu Financial, Inc. |
$414,282 |
||||
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
Virtu Financial, Inc. |
$2,851,201 |
||||
For a Portfolio's ETF Class shares, to the extent creation or redemption transactions are conducted on a cash or "cash in lieu" basis, a Portfolio may contemporaneously transact with broker-dealers for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities in connection with such transactions. Such orders may be placed with an Authorized Participant in its capacity as broker-dealer, a broker-dealer that is affiliated with the Authorized Participant, or a third-party broker-dealer.
Specifically, following a Portfolio's receipt of a creation or redemption order of ETF Class shares, to the extent such purchases or redemptions consist of a cash portion, the Portfolio may enter an order with the Authorized Participant, its affiliated broker-dealer or a third-party broker-dealer to purchase or sell the portfolio securities, as applicable. The executing broker-dealer will be required to guarantee that the Portfolio will achieve execution of its order at a price at least as favorable to the Portfolio as the Portfolio's valuation of the portfolio securities used for purposes of calculating the NAV applied to the creation or redemption transaction giving rise to the order (the "Price Guarantee"). Whether the execution of the order is at a price at least as favorable to the Portfolio's ETF Class shares will depend on the results achieved by the executing firm and will vary depending on market activity, timing and a variety of other factors.
For a Portfolio's ETF Class shares, an Authorized Participant agrees to pay the shortfall amount in order to ensure that the execution of the order on the terms noted above will be honored on orders arising from creation transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer. If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price more favorable than a Portfolio's valuation of the portfolio securities, either the Portfolio or the Authorized Participant may receive the benefit of the favorable
6
executions. If, however, the broker-dealer executing the order is unable to achieve a price at least equal to a Portfolio's valuation of the securities, the Portfolio will be entitled to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions or other costs) and the Authorized Participant will be required to pay the full amount of the actual execution transaction, up to the Maximum Additional Charge for Creations listed in the table in the "Creation and Redemption of Creation Units" section of this SAI.
An Authorized Participant agrees to pay the shortfall amount in order to ensure that a guarantee on execution will be honored for brokerage orders arising from redemption transactions executed by an Authorized Participant or its affiliate as broker-dealer. If the broker-dealer executing the order achieves executions in market transactions at a price more favorable than a Portfolio's valuation of the portfolio securities, either the Portfolio or the Authorized Participant may receives the benefit of the favorable executions. If, however, the broker-dealer is unable to achieve executions in market transactions at a price at least equal to the Portfolio's valuation of the securities, the Portfolio will be entitled to the portion of the offset equal to the full amount of the execution shortfall (including any taxes, brokerage commissions or other costs), up to the Maximum Additional Charge for Redemptions table listed in the "Creation and Redemption of Creation Units" section of this SAI.
For creation and redemption orders where a Price Guarantee is not applicable, a Portfolio reserves the right to charge a preset "Variable" fee for the cash or cash in lieu proceeds from those create and redeem orders. The Authorized Participant agrees to pay the fee, which represents the estimated costs related to purchasing or selling securities, and may include commissions, fees, taxes, foreign exchange, or other costs related to executing the Portfolio's transactions. The Variable fee is subject to periodic review and adjustment. The fee is only made available to Authorized Participants and Market Makers but will not exceed the Maximum Additional Charge for Creations or Maximum Additional Charge for Redemptions listed in the tables in the "Creation and Redemption of Creation Units" section of this SAI.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
Each of the Portfolios has adopted certain limitations which may not be changed with respect to any Portfolio without the approval of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio. A "majority" is defined as the lesser of: (1) at least 67% of the voting securities of the Portfolio (to be affected by the proposed change) present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio are present or represented by proxy, or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of such Portfolio.
The Portfolios will not:
(1) borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission" or the "SEC");
(2) make loans, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the Commission; provided that in no event shall a Portfolio be permitted to make a loan to a natural person;
(3) purchase or sell real estate, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, and provided that this restriction does not prevent a Portfolio from: (i) purchasing or selling securities or instruments secured by real estate or interests therein, securities or instruments representing interests in real estate or securities or instruments of issuers that invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein; and (ii) purchasing or selling real estate mortgage loans;
(4) purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments, and provided that this limitation does not prevent a Portfolio from (i) purchasing or selling securities of companies that purchase or sell commodities or that invest in commodities; (ii) engaging in any transaction involving currencies, options, forwards, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, swaps, hybrid instruments or other derivatives; or (iii) investing in securities, or transacting in other instruments, that are linked to or secured by physical or other commodities;
7
(5) purchase the securities of any one issuer, if immediately after such investment, a Portfolio would not qualify as a "diversified company" as that term is defined by the 1940 Act, as amended, and as modified or interpreted by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time;
(6) engage in the business of underwriting securities issued by others; or
(7) issue senior securities (as such term is defined in Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act), except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
The U.S. Large Company Portfolio, U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio, U.S. Small Cap Portfolio, U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio and DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio will not:
(8) sell securities short.
The Portfolios, except the U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio, U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio, U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio, U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio, U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio, U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio, and U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio will not:
(9) acquire any securities of companies within one industry if, as a result of such acquisition, more than 25% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets would be invested in securities of companies within such industry; except that the DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio shall invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities of companies in the real estate industry.
The U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio, U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio, U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio, U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio, U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio, U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio, and U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio will not:
(10) concentrate (invest more than 25% of its net assets) in securities of issuers in a particular industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or securities of other investment companies).
With respect to the investment limitation described in (5) above, the U.S. Large Company Portfolio intends to be diversified in approximately the same proportion that the S&P 500® Index is diversified, as described in the Portfolio's prospectus. However, the Portfolio may be "non-diversified," as defined in the 1940 Act, solely as a result of a change in relative market capitalization or index weighting of one or more constituents of the S&P 500® Index, without shareholder approval, pursuant to no-action relief issued by the SEC staff. A non-diversified fund can invest a greater percentage of its assets in a small number of issuers or any one issuer than a diversified fund can. In such circumstances, the Portfolio may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting individual issuers or investments than a diversified fund, which may negatively impact the Portfolio's performance and result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Portfolio's shares and greater risk of loss.
With respect to the investment limitation described in (1) above, each Portfolio will maintain asset coverage of at least 300% (as described in the 1940 Act), inclusive of any amounts borrowed, with respect to any borrowings made by such Portfolio. The Portfolios do not currently intend to borrow money for investment purposes. Under the 1940 Act, an open-end investment company may borrow up to 33⅓% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) from banks, and may borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets, for temporary purposes, from any other person.
Although the investment limitation described in (2) above prohibits loans, each Portfolio is authorized to lend portfolio securities. Investment limitation (2) above also does not, among other things, prevent a Portfolio from engaging in repurchase agreements, acquiring debt or loan instruments in the future or participating in an interfund lending order granted by the SEC.
Pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act (the "Liquidity Rule"), each Portfolio may not acquire any "illiquid investment" if, immediately after the acquisition, the Portfolio would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. Illiquid investments are investments that a Portfolio reasonably
8
expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment, as determined pursuant to the Funds' liquidity risk management program (the "Liquidity Program"). As required by the Liquidity Rule, the Funds have implemented the Liquidity Program, and the Boards, including a majority of the disinterested Directors, have appointed a liquidity risk management program administrator (the "Liquidity Program Administrator") to administer such program. The Liquidity Program Administrator's responsibilities include, among others, determining the liquidity classification of each Portfolio's investments and monitoring compliance with the 15% limit on illiquid investments.
Further, pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, the Portfolios may purchase certain unregistered (i.e. restricted) securities upon a determination that a liquid institutional market exists for the securities. If it is determined that a liquid market does exist, the securities will not be subject to the 15% limitation on illiquid investments. Among other considerations, the Advisor may consider the number of dealers making a market in such securities when determining whether a liquid market exists. After purchase, the Portfolios will continue to monitor the liquidity of Rule 144A securities.
With respect to the investment limitation described in (7) above, a Portfolio will not issue senior securities, except that the Portfolio may borrow money as described above. A Portfolio may also borrow money for temporary purposes, but not in excess of 5% of the Portfolio's total assets. Further, a transaction or agreement that otherwise might be deemed to create leverage, such as a forward or futures contract, option, swap or when-issued security, delayed delivery or forward commitment transaction, will not be considered a senior security to the extent such investments are purchased and held in compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder.
The investment limitations described above do not prohibit a Portfolio from purchasing or selling futures contracts and options on futures contracts, to the extent otherwise permitted under the Portfolio's investment strategies. Further, except with respect to a Portfolio's limitation on borrowing, illiquid investments or otherwise indicated, with respect to the investment limitations described above, all limitations applicable to the Portfolios' investments apply only at the time that a transaction is undertaken.
In applying the investment limitations described in (9) and (10) above, each Portfolio will consider the investments of other investment companies in which the Portfolio invests to the extent it has sufficient information about the holdings of such investment companies, if applicable.
SWAPS
The Portfolios may enter into equity swaps, including total return swaps and dynamic portfolio total return swaps ("DTRS"). In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns, differentials in rates of return or some other amount earned or realized on a predetermined asset (or group of assets) which may be adjusted for transaction costs, interest payments, dividends paid on the reference asset or other factors. The gross returns to be exchanged or "swapped" between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a "notional amount," for example, the increase or decrease in value of a particular dollar amount invested in the asset. The Portfolios may use equity swaps to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities, including in circumstances where direct investment may be restricted or is otherwise deemed impractical or disadvantageous.
Equity total return swaps can create long or short economic exposure to an underlying equity security, or to a basket of securities. Equity swap contracts may be structured in different ways. For example, under an equity total return swap contract, one party may agree to make payments to another based on the total economic performance of a notional amount of the underlying security or securities (including dividends and changes in market value) during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on the application of a fixed or variable interest rate to the same notional amount. The purchaser of a long total return swap is paid the amount of any increase in value and pays the amount of any decrease in value, while the purchaser of a short total return swap is paid the amount of any decrease and pays the amount of any increase.
The Portfolios may enter into swaps, including DTRS, in order to access a specific equity market without purchasing or selling the underlying securities represented in the DTRS. DTRS are designed to replicate the performance of an underlying reference asset such as a portfolio of equities or ETFs. For example, the issuer of the
9
DTRS agreement may agree to pay a Portfolio an amount equal to the performance of the underlying equities in a given period netted against a floating rate plus a spread or a fixed rate in the same period paid to the issuer by the Portfolio. The reference rate for the floating rate is typically based on an official interbank benchmark rate. The cash flows in a DTRS may be exchanged at maturity or periodically at each reset (e.g., monthly or quarterly). No notional amounts are exchanged at the start or at the maturity of the DTRS. In addition, pursuant to the terms of a DTRS, the underlying equities can be traded in the course of the day thereby changing the composition of the underlying equity portfolio, which provides a Portfolio with the ability to vary the market exposure obtained through investment in the DTRS. DTRS are subject to transaction costs, financing costs and other fees which will be borne by the Portfolio in connection with its investments in these instruments.
The swaps in which the Portfolios invest involve greater risks than if the Portfolios had invested in the reference assets directly, since, in addition to general market risks, these instruments are subject to counterparty risk, valuation risk, illiquidity risk and interest rate risk, among other risks. Adverse changes in market values, interest rates and currency exchange rates, or in the creditworthiness of swap counterparties and the issuers of the underlying assets may negatively affect the investment performance of a Portfolio and the investment performance of the Portfolio may be less favorable than it would have been if these investment techniques were not used. Swaps carry counterparty risks that cannot be fully anticipated. A Portfolio's ability to realize a profit from swaps transactions will depend on the ability of the financial institutions with which it enters into the transactions to meet their obligations to the Portfolio. If a counterparty's creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses to a Portfolio. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, the Portfolio will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of a counterparty's insolvency. In addition, the Portfolios may experience difficulty in valuing the swap or in determining the amounts owed to or by the counterparty, regardless of whether the counterparty has defaulted. Some swap agreements entail complex terms and may require a greater degree of subjectivity in their valuation. Under certain circumstances, suitable transactions may not be available to a Portfolio, or the Portfolio may be unable to close out its position under such transactions at the same time, or at the same price, as if it had purchased comparable publicly traded securities. Moreover, participants in the swap markets are not required to make continuous markets in the swap contracts they trade. Participants could refuse to quote prices for swap contracts or quote prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and the price at which they are prepared to sell. The Advisor, under the supervision of the Board of Directors, is responsible for determining and monitoring the liquidity of the Portfolios' swaps transactions in accordance with the Fund's Liquidity Program.
As described above, some types of swap agreements, including DTRS, are negotiated bilaterally with a swap dealer and traded OTC between the two parties ("uncleared swaps"), while other swaps are transacted through an FCM and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty ("cleared swaps"), and may be traded on swap execution facilities ("exchanges"). Parties to uncleared swaps face greater counterparty credit risk than those engaging in cleared swaps since performance of uncleared swap obligations is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty rather than a clearing house, as is the case with cleared swaps. As a result, the Portfolio bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default, insolvency or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty beyond any collateral received. In such an event, as noted above, a Portfolio will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swap agreements, but bankruptcy and insolvency laws could affect the Portfolio's rights as a creditor.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the "Dodd-Frank Act") and implementing rules adopted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC") currently require the clearing and exchange-trading of the most common types of credit default index swaps and interest rate swaps, and it is expected that additional categories of swaps will in the future be designated as subject to mandatory clearing and trade execution requirements. Central clearing is intended to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not eliminate these risks completely. There is also a risk of loss by a Portfolio of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Portfolio has an open position, or the central counterparty in a swap contract. The assets of the Portfolio may not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the FCM or central counterparty because the Portfolio might be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds and margin segregated on behalf of an FCM's customers. If an FCM does not provide accurate reporting, the Portfolio is also subject to the risk that the FCM could use the Portfolio's assets, which are held in an omnibus account with assets belonging to the FCM's other customers, to satisfy its own
10
financial obligations or the payment obligations of another customer to the central counterparty. Credit risk of cleared swap participants is concentrated in a few clearinghouses, and the consequences of insolvency of a clearinghouse are not clear.
The Advisor and the Fund do not consider a Portfolio's obligations under swap contracts senior securities and, accordingly, the Portfolios will not treat them as being subject to the Portfolios' borrowing or senior securities restrictions to the extent such investments are purchased and held in compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. To the extent that a Portfolio cannot dispose of a swap in the ordinary course of business within seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment, the Portfolio will treat the swap as illiquid and subject to its overall limit on illiquid investments of 15% of the Portfolio's net assets.
The Dodd-Frank Act and related regulatory developments imposed comprehensive regulatory requirements on swaps and swap market participants. The regulatory framework includes: (1) registration and regulation of swap dealers and major swap participants; (2) requiring central clearing and execution of standardized swaps; (3) imposing margin requirements on swap transactions; (4) regulating and monitoring swap transactions through position limits and large trader reporting requirements; and (5) imposing record keeping and centralized and public reporting requirements, on an anonymous basis, for most swaps. The CFTC is responsible for the regulation of most swaps. The SEC has jurisdiction over a small segment of the market referred to as "security-based swaps," which includes swaps on single securities or credits, or narrow-based indices of securities or credits.
The regulation of cleared and uncleared swaps, as well as other derivatives, is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to modification by government and judicial action. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading. It is not possible to predict fully the effects of current or future regulation. The requirements, even if not directly applicable to the Portfolios, may increase the cost of the Portfolios' investments and cost of doing business. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect a Portfolio's ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
FUTURES CONTRACTS
Each Portfolio may purchase or sell futures contracts and options on futures contracts for equity securities and indices to adjust market exposure based on actual or expected cash inflows to or outflows from the Portfolio. The Portfolios, however, do not intend to sell futures contracts to establish short positions in individual securities.
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of defined securities at a specified future time and at a specified price. Futures contracts that are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument are traded on national futures exchanges. Each Portfolio will be required to make a margin deposit in cash or government securities with a futures commission merchant ("FCM") to initiate and maintain positions in futures contracts. Minimal initial margin requirements are established by the futures exchanges and FCMs may establish margin requirements which are higher than the exchange requirements. A Portfolio also will incur brokerage costs in connection with entering into futures contracts. After a futures contract position is opened, the value of the contract is marked to market daily. If the futures contract price changes, to the extent that the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, payment of additional "variation" margin to be held by the FCM will be required. Conversely, a reduction in the required margin would result in excess margin that can be refunded to the custodial accounts of the Portfolio. Variation margin payments may be made to and from the futures broker for as long as the contract remains open. Each Portfolio expects to earn income on its margin deposits.
At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, a Portfolio may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate its existing position in the contract. Positions in futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange on which they were entered into (or through a linked exchange). No secondary market for such contracts exists. Although a Portfolio may enter into futures contracts only if there is an active market for such contracts, there is no assurance that an active market will exist for any particular futures
11
contract at any specific time. Most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the day. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions at an advantageous price and subjecting a Portfolio to substantial losses. In such event, and in the event of adverse price movements, the Portfolio would be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. In such situations, if the Portfolio had insufficient cash, it might have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, if the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, in such circumstances a Portfolio may realize a loss on a futures contract or option that is not offset by an increase in the value of the hedged position. Losses incurred in futures transactions and the costs of these transactions will affect the performance of the Portfolio.
EXCLUSION FROM COMMODITY POOL OPERATOR STATUS
The Advisor has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act ("CEA") with respect to the Portfolios described in this SAI, and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA with respect to such Portfolios. The CFTC has neither reviewed nor approved the Advisor's reliance on these exclusions, the investment strategies of the Portfolios, or this SAI.
The terms of the commodity pool operator ("CPO") exclusion require that each Portfolio, among other things, adhere to certain limits on its investments in "commodity interests." Commodity interests include commodity futures, commodity options and swaps, which in turn include non-deliverable foreign currency forward contracts. Generally, the exclusion from CPO regulation on which the Advisor relies requires each Portfolio to meet one of the following tests for its commodity interest positions, other than positions entered into for bona fide hedging purposes (as defined in the rules of the CFTC): either (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish positions in commodity interests may not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the portfolio of the Portfolio (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of the Portfolio's commodity interest positions, determined at the time the most recent such position was established, may not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Portfolio's portfolio (after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition to meeting one of these trading limitations, each Portfolio may not be marketed as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the commodity futures, commodity options or swaps markets. If, in the future, a Portfolio can no longer satisfy these requirements, the Advisor would withdraw its notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of a CPO, and the Advisor would be subject to registration and regulation as a CPO with respect to the Portfolio, in accordance with CFTC rules that apply to CPOs of registered investment companies. Generally, these rules allow for substituted compliance with CFTC disclosure and shareholder reporting requirements, based on the Advisor's compliance with comparable SEC requirements. However, as a result of CFTC regulation with respect to a Portfolio, the Portfolio may incur additional compliance and other expenses.
GENERAL MARKET AND GEOPOLITICAL RISKS
The value of a Portfolio's securities changes daily due to economic and other events that affect market prices generally, as well as those that affect particular regions, countries, industries, or issuers. Economies and financial markets throughout the world have become increasingly interconnected, which increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or country will adversely affect markets or issuers in other regions or countries. Portfolio securities may be negatively impacted by inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products/services or resources, supply chain disruptions, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, war, military confrontations, economic sanctions and tariffs, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions, among others. Natural and environmental disasters, including weather-related phenomena, also can be highly disruptive to economies and markets and can adversely affect individual issuers, sectors, industries, markets, countries or regions, currencies, interest and inflation rates, credit ratings, and investor sentiment. The occurrence of U.S. and global events similar to those in the last few decades (e.g., natural disasters, virus epidemics, social and political discord, and terrorist attacks around the world) may result in market volatility and/or overall market uncertainty or reduced liquidity with respect to particular issuers,
12
countries or regions, and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global economies and financial markets. The negative impacts may be particularly acute in certain sectors, countries or regions. The timing and duration of any such conflicts and tensions, resulting sanctions, related events and other impacts cannot be predicted. The risks associated with such events may be greater in developing or emerging market countries, many of which have less developed political, financial, healthcare, and/or emergency management systems. Negative global events also can disrupt the operations and processes of any of the service providers for a Portfolio. Similarly, negative global events, in some cases, could constitute a force majeure event under contracts with service providers or contracts entered into with counterparties for certain transactions.
POLITICAL, UNITED KINGDOM AND EUROPEAN MARKET RELATED RISKS
Portfolios that have significant exposure to certain countries can be expected to be impacted by the political and economic conditions within such countries. There is continuing uncertainty regarding the ramifications of the United Kingdom's (UK) vote to exit the European Union (EU) in June 2016 (Brexit). On January 31, 2020, the UK officially withdrew from the EU, subject to a transitional period that ended December 31, 2020. On May 1, 2021, the UK and EU formally entered into the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, which principally relates to the trading of goods rather than services, including financial services. Many aspects of the future of the UK's relationship with the EU, as well as with other countries and regions, remain subject to nascent memorandums of understanding, agreements and/or further negotiation, resulting in uncertainties relating to the UK's future economic, trading and legal relationships. As the outcomes of such agreements and future negotiations remain unclear, the effects on the UK, EU and the broader global economy are difficult to determine at this time. While the full impact of Brexit is unknown, Brexit has already resulted in volatility in European and global markets, disruptions in supply chains and declines in UK imports and exports with EU countries. Brexit may continue to cause greater market volatility and illiquidity, currency fluctuations, impacts on arrangements for trading and on other existing cross-border cooperation arrangements (whether economic, tax, fiscal, legal, regulatory or otherwise), and in potentially lower growth for companies in the UK, EU and globally, which could adversely affect the value and liquidity of a Portfolio's investments.
In addition, if one or more other countries were to exit the EU or abandon the use of the euro as a currency, the value of investments tied to those countries, or the euro could decline significantly and unpredictably. Other economic challenges facing the region include high levels of public debt, significant rates of unemployment, aging populations, and heavy regulation in certain economic sectors. European policy makers have taken unprecedented steps to respond to the economic crisis and to boost growth in the region. While certain measures have been proposed and/or implemented within the UK and EU which are designed to minimize disruption in the financial markets, it is not currently possible to determine whether such measures will achieve their intended effects, which could negatively affect the value of a Portfolio's investments.
CASH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Each Portfolio engages in cash management practices in order to earn income on uncommitted cash balances. Generally, cash is uncommitted pending investment in other securities, payment of redemptions or in other circumstances where the Advisor believes liquidity is necessary or desirable. For example, a Portfolio may make cash investments for temporary defensive purposes during periods in which market, economic or political conditions warrant. Each Portfolio may enter into arrangements with its custodian whereby it may earn a credit on its cash balances maintained in its non-interest bearing U.S. Dollar custody cash account to be applied against fund service fees payable to the custodian or the custodian's subsidiaries for fund services provided.
13
The Portfolios may invest cash in the following permissible investments:
|
Portfolios |
Permissible Cash Investments* |
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
Short-term repurchase agreements; fixed income securities, such as money market instruments; index futures contracts and options thereon; affiliated and unaffiliated registered and unregistered money market funds** |
* With respect to fixed income instruments, except in connection with corporate actions, the Portfolios will invest in fixed income instruments that at the time of purchase have an investment grade rating by a rating agency or are deemed to be investment grade by the Advisor.
** Investments in money market mutual funds may involve duplication of certain fees and expenses.
REFLOW REDEMPTION SERVICE
A Portfolio may frequently participate in the ReFlow liquidity program, which is designed to provide an alternative liquidity source for mutual funds experiencing net redemptions of their shares. Pursuant to the program, ReFlow Fund, LLC ("ReFlow") provides participating mutual funds with a source of cash to meet net shareholder redemptions by standing ready each business day to purchase fund shares up to the value of the net shares redeemed by other shareholders that are to settle that business day. A fund is not guaranteed to receive cash from ReFlow on any given day as allocation of ReFlow's cash is based on the results of ReFlow's automated daily auction process among participating mutual funds. Following purchases of fund shares, ReFlow then generally redeems those shares when the fund experiences net shareholder purchases at the end of a maximum holding period determined by ReFlow, or at other times at ReFlow's discretion. While ReFlow holds fund shares, it will have the same rights and privileges with respect to those shares as any other shareholder.
For use of the ReFlow service, a fund pays a fee to ReFlow each time it purchases fund shares, calculated by applying to the purchase amount a fee rate determined through the auction process. The current minimum fee rate (which is subject to change) is 0.14% of the value of the fund shares purchased by ReFlow, although the fund may submit a bid at a higher fee rate if it determines that doing so is in the best interest of fund shareholders. ReFlow's purchases of fund shares through the liquidity program are made on an investment-blind basis without regard to the fund's objective, policies, or anticipated performance. In accordance with federal securities laws, ReFlow is prohibited from acquiring more than 3% of the outstanding voting securities of a fund. ReFlow will periodically redeem its entire share position in a Portfolio and may frequently request that such redemption be met in-kind in accordance with redemption in-kind policies described in the Prospectus. A Portfolio will ultimately determine whether to redeem ReFlow's position in cash or in-kind based on the best interests of the Portfolio and its shareholders and in accordance with the Portfolio's redemption in-kind policies. The Fund expects that in-kind redemptions will comprise a significant portion of redemptions paid to ReFlow. Purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares by ReFlow under the program are not considered excessive short-term trading under the Portfolios' Policy Regarding Excessive Short-Term Trading. The Fund's Annual Financial Statements & Other Information contains detail on the Portfolios' activity in the program for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
The Fund's Board has approved the use of the ReFlow liquidity program. The Advisor believes that the program may benefit the Portfolios and their shareholders, although there is no guarantee that the program will do so. For example, redemptions in-kind may reduce the need for a Portfolio to maintain cash reserves, reduce Portfolio
14
transaction costs, reduce the need to sell Portfolio investments at inopportune times, and lower Portfolio capital gain recognition. To the extent that a Portfolio's assets do not decline, the Advisor may also benefit.
INTERFUND BORROWING AND LENDING
The DFA Fund Complex (defined below) has received exemptive relief from the SEC which permits the registered investment companies to participate in an interfund lending program among portfolios and series managed by the Advisor (the "Portfolios/Series") (portfolios that operate as feeder portfolios do not participate in the program). The interfund lending program allows the participating Portfolios/Series to borrow money from and loan money to each other for temporary or emergency purposes. The program is subject to a number of conditions designed to ensure fair and equitable treatment of the participating Portfolios/Series, including the following: (1) no Portfolio/Series may borrow money through the program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate than a rate approximating the lowest interest rate at which bank loans would be available to any of the participating Portfolios/Series under a loan agreement; and (2) no Portfolio/Series may lend money through the program unless it receives a more favorable return than that available from an investment in overnight repurchase agreements or the yield of any money market fund in which the Portfolio/Series could invest. In addition, a Portfolio/Series may participate in the program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with its investment objectives, policies and limitations. Interfund loans and borrowings have a maximum duration of seven days and loans may be called on one business day's notice.
A participating Portfolio/Series may not lend to another Portfolio/Series under the interfund lending program if the interfund loan would cause its aggregate outstanding interfund loans to exceed 15% of its current net assets at the time of the loan. Interfund loans by a Portfolio/Series to any one Portfolio/Series may not exceed 5% of net assets of the lending Portfolio/Series.
The restrictions discussed above and the other conditions of the SEC exemptive order permitting interfund lending are designed to minimize the risks associated with interfund lending for both the lending Portfolio/Series and the borrowing Portfolio/Series. However, no borrowing or lending activity is without risk. If a Portfolio/Series borrows money from another Portfolio/Series, there is a risk that the interfund loan could be called on one business day's notice or not renewed, in which case the Portfolio/Series may have to borrow from a bank at higher rates if an interfund loan were not available from another Portfolio/Series. A delay in repayment to a lending Portfolio/Series could result in a lost opportunity or additional lending costs, and interfund loans are subject to the risk that the borrowing Portfolio/Series could be unable to repay the loan when due.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, DELAYED DELIVERY, AND FORWARD COMMITMENT TRANSACTIONS
Each Portfolio may purchase eligible securities or sell securities it is entitled to receive on a when-issued basis. When purchasing securities on a when-issued basis, the price or yield is agreed to at the time of purchase, but the payment and settlement dates are not fixed until the securities are issued. It is possible that the securities will never be issued, and the commitment cancelled. In addition, each Portfolio may purchase or sell eligible securities for delayed delivery or on a forward commitment basis where the Portfolio contracts to purchase or sell such securities at a fixed price at a future date beyond the normal settlement time. Each Portfolio may renegotiate a commitment or sell a security it has committed to purchase prior to the settlement date, if deemed advisable.
While the payment obligation and, if applicable, interest rate are set at the time a Portfolio enters into a when-issued, delayed delivery, to-be-announced, or forward commitment transaction, no interest or dividends accrue to the purchaser prior to the settlement date. In addition, the value of a security purchased or sold is subject to market fluctuations and may be worth more or less on the settlement date than the price a Portfolio committed to pay or receive for the security. A Portfolio will lose money if the value of a purchased security falls below the purchase price and a Portfolio will not benefit from the gain if a security sold appreciates above the sales price during the commitment period.
EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS
Each Portfolio may also invest in exchange traded funds ("ETFs") and similarly structured pooled investments for the purpose of gaining exposure to the equity markets while maintaining liquidity. An ETF is an
15
investment company classified as an open-end investment company or unit investment trust that is traded similar to a publicly traded company. ETFs in which the Portfolios invest may be passively managed and attempt to track or replicate a desired index, such as a sector, market or global segment. The goal of a passively managed ETF is to correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of its underlying index. The risk of not correlating to the index is an additional risk to the investors of such ETFs. Each Portfolio also may invest in actively managed ETFs managed by the Advisor that seek to outperform a particular index, sector, market or global segment. Investment in an actively managed ETF is subject to the risk that the investment adviser to the ETF selects investments for the ETF that underperform and the ETF does not meet its investment objective. When a Portfolio invests in an ETF, shareholders of the Portfolio bear their proportionate share of the underlying ETF's fees and expenses.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATES
Generally, securities will be purchased by the Portfolios with the expectation that they will be held for longer than one year. In addition, variations in turnover rates occur because securities are sold when, in the Advisor's judgment, the return will be increased as a result of portfolio transactions after taking into account the cost of trading.
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Directors
Organization of the Board
The Boards of Directors of the Fund (collectively, the "Board") is responsible for establishing the Fund's policies and for overseeing the management of the Fund. The Board elects the officers of the Fund, who, along with third party service providers, are responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of the Fund. The Board of the Fund is comprised of two interested Directors and eight disinterested Directors. Gerard K. O'Reilly, an interested Director, is Chairman of the Board. The disinterested Directors of the Board designated Ingrid M. Werner as the lead disinterested Director. As the lead disinterested Director, Ms. Werner, among other duties: acts as a principal contact for management for communications to the disinterested Directors in between regular Board meetings; assists in the coordination and preparation of quarterly Board meeting agendas; raises and discusses issues with counsel to the disinterested Directors; raises issues and discusses ideas with management on behalf of the disinterested Directors in between regular meetings of the Board; and chairs executive sessions and separate meetings of the disinterested Directors (other than Committee meetings, which are chaired by the respective Committee Chairperson, if applicable). David G. Booth serves as Chairman Emeritus to the Board. The Board has designated David G. Booth, a former Chairman of the Fund, to serve as Chairman Emeritus to the Board in recognition of his years of service to both the Fund and Advisor. The Chairman Emeritus, which is a non-voting position, provides advice and counsel to the Directors in connection with the Directors' management of the business and affairs of the Fund. The Board believes the existing Board structure for the Fund is appropriate because it provides the disinterested Directors with adequate influence over the governance of the Board and the Fund, while also providing the Board with the invaluable insight of the interested Directors, who, as both officers of the Fund and the Advisor, participate in the day-to-day management of the Fund's affairs, including risk management.
The agenda for each quarterly meeting of the Board is provided prior to the meeting to the lead disinterested Director in order to provide an opportunity to contact Fund management and/or the disinterested Directors' independent counsel regarding agenda items. In addition, the disinterested Directors regularly communicate with Mr. O'Reilly and Mr. Butler regarding items of interest to them in between regularly scheduled meetings of the Board. The Board of the Fund meets in person at least four times each year and by telephone at other times. At each in-person meeting, the disinterested Directors meet in executive session with their independent counsel to discuss matters outside the presence of management.
The Board has four standing committees. The Audit Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee (the "Nominating Committee"), and Mutual Funds-ETF Relations Committee are composed entirely of disinterested Directors. As described below, through these Committees, the disinterested Directors have direct oversight of the Fund's accounting and financial reporting policies, the selection and nomination of candidates to the Fund's Board,
16
and the operation and expense allocations of the portfolios of the Fund. The Investment Strategy Committee (the "Strategy Committee") assists the Board in carrying out its fiduciary duties with respect to the oversight of the Fund and the performance of its series.
The Board's Audit Committee is comprised of Reena Aggarwal, Francis A. Longstaff, Abbie J. Smith, and Ingrid M. Werner. The Audit Committee for the Board oversees the Fund's accounting and financial reporting policies and practices, the Fund's internal controls, the Fund's financial statements and the independent audits thereof and performs other oversight functions as requested by the Board. The Audit Committee recommends the appointment of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm and also acts as a liaison between the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm and the full Board. There were three Audit Committee meetings held for the Fund during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
The Board's Nominating Committee is comprised of Ingrid M. Werner, Reena Aggarwal, Douglas W. Diamond, Francis A. Longstaff, and Heather E. Tookes. The Nominating Committee for the Board makes recommendations for nominations of disinterested and interested members on the Board to the disinterested Directors and to the full Board. The Nominating Committee works closely with the other disinterested Directors to evaluate a candidate's qualification for Board membership and the independence of such candidate from the Advisor and other principal service providers. The Nominating Committee also periodically reviews the Board governance practices, policies, procedures, and operations; reviews the membership of each committee of the Board; reviews and makes recommendations regarding the disinterested Directors' compensation; oversees the annual self-assessment of the Board and each committee; considers and recommends to the Board, the selection of "independent legal counsel" (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act); and monitors and considers corporate governance issues that may arise from time to time. There were two Nominating Committee meetings held for the Fund during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
The Strategy Committee is comprised of Gerard K. O'Reilly, Douglas W. Diamond, Darrell Duffie, Stefan Nagel, and Heather E. Tookes. At the request of the Board or the Advisor, the Strategy Committee (i) reviews the design of possible new series of the Fund, (ii) reviews performance of existing portfolios of the Fund, and discusses and recommends possible enhancements to the portfolios' investment strategies, (iii) reviews proposals by the Advisor to modify or enhance the investment strategies or policies of each portfolio, and (iv) considers issues relating to investment services for each portfolio of the Fund. There were three Strategy Committee meetings held for the Fund during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
The Mutual Funds-ETF Relations Committee is comprised of Reena Aggarwal, Darrell Duffie, Stefan Nagel, and Ingrid M. Werner. At the request of the Board, the Mutual Funds-ETF Relations Committee (i) reviews any newly-proposed expenses to be borne by the portfolios or changes to the existing expense allocations among the ETFs in the Dimensional ETF Trust ("Dimensional ETFs"), portfolios in the DFA mutual fund complex ("Fund Complex"), and the Advisor, (ii) considers any conflicts of interest that may arise in the operations of the Dimensional ETFs and the portfolios in the Fund Complex, (iii) reviews and considers relevant information relating to the operations of the Dimensional ETFs, and (iv) considers asset flows and performance differences between the similarly managed mutual funds and the ETFs in the DFA Fund Complex (defined below). There were three Mutual Funds-ETF Relations Committee meetings held for the Fund during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
The Board of the Fund, including all of the disinterested Directors, oversees and approves the contracts of the third-party service providers that provide advisory, administrative, custodial and other services to the Fund.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
The Board, as a whole, considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at regular board meetings, through regular reports that have been developed by Fund management and the Advisor. These reports address certain investment, valuation, liquidity, derivatives and compliance matters. The Board also may receive special written reports or presentations on a variety of risk issues, either upon the Board's request or upon the initiative of the Advisor. In addition, the Audit Committee of the Board meets regularly with management of the Advisor to review reports on the Advisor's examinations of functions and processes that affect the Fund.
17
With respect to investment risk, the Board receives regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Fund's portfolios. The Board discusses these reports and the portfolios' performance and investment risks with management of the Advisor at the Board's regular meetings. The Investment Committee of the Advisor meets regularly to discuss a variety of issues, including the impact that the investment in particular securities or instruments, such as derivatives, may have on the portfolios. To the extent that the Investment Committee of the Advisor decides to materially change an investment strategy or policy of a portfolio and such change could have a significant impact on the portfolio's risk profile, the Advisor will present such change to the Board for its approval.
With respect to valuation, the Advisor and the Fund's administrative and accounting agent provide regular written reports to the Board that enable the Board to review the Advisor's fair valuation process. Such reports also include information concerning illiquid and any worthless securities held by each portfolio. In addition, the Fund's Audit Committee reviews valuation procedures and pricing results with the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm in connection with such Committee's review of the results of the audit of each portfolio's year-end financial statements.
With respect to liquidity risk, the Board oversees the Fund's liquidity risk through, among other things, receiving periodic reporting and presentations by investment and other personnel of the Advisor. Additionally, as required by the Liquidity Rule, the Board, including a majority of the disinterested Directors, approved the Fund's Liquidity Program, which is reasonably designed to assess and manage the Fund's liquidity risk, and appointed the Liquidity Program Administrator that is responsible for administering the Liquidity Program. The Board also reviews, no less frequently than annually, a written report prepared by the Liquidity Program Administrator that addresses, among other items, the operation of the Liquidity Program and assesses its adequacy and effectiveness of implementation.
With respect to derivatives risk, the Board approved the designation of the Derivatives Risk Manager ("DRM"), which is responsible for administering the derivatives risk management program ("DRMP") for the portfolios that are required to adopt and implement a DRMP. The Board regularly receives written reports from the DRM regarding the implementation of the DRMP, including on a quarterly and annual basis, and meets with the DRM on a periodic basis.
With respect to compliance risks, the Board receives regular compliance reports prepared by the Advisor's compliance group and meets regularly with the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer ("Chief Compliance Officer") to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. As required under SEC rules, the disinterested Directors meet in executive session with the Chief Compliance Officer, and the Chief Compliance Officer prepares and presents an annual written compliance report to the Board. The Fund's Board adopts compliance policies and procedures for the Fund and receives information about the compliance procedures in place for the Fund's service providers. The compliance policies and procedures are specifically designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.
The Advisor periodically provides information to the Board relevant to enterprise risk management describing the way in which certain risks are managed at the complex-wide level by the Advisor. Such presentations include areas such as counter-party risk, material fund vendor or service provider risk, investment risk, reputational risk, personnel risk and business continuity risk.
Director Qualifications
When a vacancy occurs on the Board, the Nominating Committee of the Board evaluates a candidate's qualification for Board membership and the independence of such candidate from the Advisor and other principal service providers. While the Nominating Committee believes that there are no specific minimum qualifications for a candidate to possess or any specific educational background, qualities, skills, or prior business and professional experience that are necessary, in considering a candidate's qualifications, the Nominating Committee may consider the following factors, among others, which may change over time or have different weight: (1) whether or not the person is willing to serve and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of a Board member; (2) the candidate's judgment, skill, diversity, and experience with investment companies and other organizations of comparable purpose, complexity and size; (3) the business activities of the Fund, including any new
18
marketing or investment initiatives, and whether the candidate possesses relevant experience in these areas; (4) whether the person's business background or other business activities would be incompatible with the Fund's and the Advisor's business purposes; (5) the interplay of the candidate's experience with the experience of other Board members and how the candidate and his or her academic or business experience will be perceived by the Fund's shareholders; and (6) the extent to which the candidate would be a desirable addition to the Board and any committees thereof.
While the Nominating Committee is solely responsible for the selection and recommendation to the Board of disinterested Board candidates, the Committee will consider nominees recommended by Qualifying Fund Shareholders if a vacancy occurs among Board members. A Qualifying Fund Shareholder is a shareholder, or group of shareholders, that: (i) owns of record, or beneficially through a financial intermediary, 5% or more of the Fund's outstanding shares, and (ii) has owned such shares for 12 months or more prior to submitting the recommendation to the Nominating Committee. Such recommendations shall be directed to the Secretary of the Fund at 6300 Bee Cave Road, Building One, Austin, Texas 78746. The Qualifying Fund Shareholder's letter should include: (i) the name and address of the Qualifying Fund Shareholder making the recommendation; (ii) the number of shares of each Portfolio of the Fund that are owned of record and beneficially by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder, and the length of time that such shares have been so owned by the Qualifying Fund Shareholder; (iii) a description of all arrangements and understandings between such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made; (iv) the name and address of the nominee; and (v) the nominee's resume or curriculum vitae. The Qualifying Fund Shareholder's letter must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated for the Board and to serve if elected by shareholders. The Nominating Committee also may seek such additional information about the nominee as the Nominating Committee considers appropriate, including information relating to such nominee that is required to be disclosed in solicitations or proxies for the election of Board members.
The Nominating Committee of the Board believes that it is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders to obtain highly-qualified individuals to serve as members of the Board. The Fund's Board believes that each Director currently serving on the Board has the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills to allow the Board to effectively oversee the management of the Fund and protect the interests of shareholders. The Board noted that each Director had professional experience in areas of importance for investment companies. The Board considered that each disinterested Director held an academic position in the areas of finance or accounting. Reena Aggarwal, Douglas W. Diamond, Darrell Duffie, Francis A. Longstaff, Heather E. Tookes, Stefan Nagel, and Ingrid M. Werner are each Professors of Finance, while Abbie J. Smith is a Professor of Accounting. The Board also noted that Reena Aggarwal, Darrell Duffie, Abbie J. Smith, Heather E. Tookes, and Ingrid M. Werner each had experience serving as a director on the boards of operating companies and/or other investment companies. In addition, the Board considered that Gerard K. O'Reilly and David P. Butler contributed valuable experience due to their positions with the Advisor. Certain biographical information for each disinterested Director and each interested Director of the Fund is set forth in the tables below, including a description of each Director's experience as a Director of the Fund and as a director or trustee of other funds, as well as other recent professional experience.
19
Disinterested Directors
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During At Least the Past 5 Years |
Portfolios within the DFA Fund Complex2 Overseen |
Other Directorships Held During At Least the Past 5 Years |
|
|
Reena Aggarwal 1957 |
Director |
DFAIDG -Since 2021 DIG - Since 2021 |
Robert E. McDonough Professor of Finance (since 2003) and Professor of Finance (since 2000), McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University and Director, Georgetown Center for Financial Markets and Policy (since 2010). Formerly, Vice Provost of Faculty, Georgetown University (2016-2020). |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
Director, Cohen & Steers (asset management firm) (since 2016) and Director, Nuveen Churchill Direct Lending (business development company) (since 2019). Formerly, Director, New York Life Investment Management IndexIQ (2008-2021) (22 funds). |
|
|
Douglas W. Diamond 1953 |
Director |
DFAIDG -Since 2017; DIG - Since 2017 |
Merton H. Miller Distinguished Service Professor of Finance, University of Chicago Booth School of Business (since 1979). |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
None |
|
|
Darrell Duffie 1954 |
Director |
DFAIDG -Since 2019 DIG - Since 2019 |
Adams Distinguished Professor of Management and Professor of Finance, Stanford University (since 1984). Formerly, Consultant, Keystone Strategy, LLC (litigation consulting firm) (2025). |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
Formerly, Director, TNB Inc. (bank) (2020-2025). |
|
|
Francis A. Longstaff 1956 |
Director |
DFAIDG -Since 2021 DIG - Since 2021 |
Allstate Professor of Insurance and Finance and Distinguished Professor, UCLA, Anderson School of Management (since 1992); Consultant, NERA Economic Consulting (since 2018); Consultant, Charles River Associates (economic consulting firm) (since 2013); Consultant, Simplex Holdings, Inc. (technology firm) (since 1998); and Expert Witness, Analysis Group (economic consulting firm) (since 2012). |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
None |
|
|
Stefan Nagel
University of Chicago Booth School of Business 1973 |
Director |
DFAIDG - Since 2024 |
Fama Family Distinguished Service Professor of Finance, University of Chicago Booth School of Business (since 2017); President (since 2025), and formerly, President-Elect (2024-2025) and Vice President (2022-2024), Western Finance Association (global association of academic researchers and practitioners in finance) (since 2022). Formerly, Executive Editor, Journal of Finance (2016-2022); and formerly, Consultant, The Northern Trust Company (2023-2025). |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
Formerly, Director, Center for Research in Security Prices, LLC (provider of historical data on securities prices and investable indexes) (2024-2025). |
|
20
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During At Least the Past 5 Years |
Portfolios within the DFA Fund Complex2 Overseen |
Other Directorships Held During At Least the Past 5 Years |
|
Abbie J. Smith 1953 |
Director |
DFAIDG -
DIG - Since |
Boris and Irene Stern Distinguished Service Professor of Accounting, University of Chicago Booth School of Business (since 1980). |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
Director, Audit Committee member, and formerly, Audit Committee Chair, Ryder System Inc. (transportation, logistics and supply-chain management) (since 2003); and Trustee (since 2009) and Audit Committee member (since 2022), UBS Funds (2 investment companies within the fund complex) (9 portfolios). Formerly, Director (2000-2025) and Audit Committee Chair (2019-2022), HNI Corporation (office furniture). |
|
Heather E. Tookes 1974 |
Director |
DFAIDG -Since 2021 DIG - Since 2021 |
Deputy Dean for Faculty (since 2022) and Professor of Finance (since 2004), Yale School of Management. |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
Director, Ariel Investments LLC (investment adviser) (since 2017); Director, Charles River Associates (economic consulting firm) (since 2022); and Director, Community Foundation of Greater New Haven (community foundation and grant-making) (since 2022). Formerly, Director, Payoneer Inc. (digital payments) (2021-2023). |
21
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During At Least the Past 5 Years |
Portfolios within the DFA Fund Complex2 Overseen |
Other Directorships Held During At Least the Past 5 Years |
|
Ingrid M. Werner 1961 |
Director |
DFAIDG -Since 2019 DIG - Since 2019 |
Martin and Andrew Murrer Professor of Finance, Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University (since 1998); Adjunct Member, the Prize Committee for the Swedish Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (annual award for significant scientific research contribution) (since 2018); Chairman, Scientific Advisory Board, Swedish House of Finance (institute supporting academic research in finance) (since 2014); Member, Scientific Board, Danish Finance Institute (institute supporting academic research in finance) (since 2017); and Fellow, Center for Analytical Finance (academic research) (since 2015). Formerly, Member, Academic Board, Mistra Financial Systems (organization funding academic research on environment, governance and climate/sustainability in finance) (2016-2021); formerly, Director, American Finance Association (global association of academic researchers and practitioners in finance) (2019-2022); formerly, Associate Editor, Journal of Finance (2016-2022); formerly, Member, Scientific Board, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research (institute supporting academic research in finance) (2020-2023); and formerly, Chair, Economic Advisory Committee, FINRA (2017-2024). |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
Director, Fourth Swedish AP Fund (pension fund asset management) (since 2017). |
Interested Directors
The following interested Directors are described as such because each is deemed to be an "interested person," as that term is defined under the 1940 Act, due to his position with the Advisor.
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During At Least the Past 5 Years |
Portfolios within the DFA Fund Complex2 Overseen |
Other Directorships Held During At Least the Past 5 Years |
|
David P. Butler c/o Dimensional Fund Advisors LP 1964 |
Director Co-Chief Executive Officer |
Director of DFAIDG and DIG since 2021 Co-Chief Executive Officer of DFAIDG and DIG since 2017 |
Co-Chief Executive Officer of Dimensional Emerging Markets Value Fund ("DEM"), DFAIDG, Dimensional Investment Group Inc. ("DIG"), The DFA Investment Trust Company ("DFAITC"), Dimensional Holdings Inc., Dimensional Fund Advisors LP, Dimensional Investment LLC, and DFA Securities LLC (collectively with DEM, DFAIDG, DIG and DFAITC, the "DFA Entities") (since 2017), DFA Canada LLC (since 2018), Dimensional Holdings LLC (since 2017), Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020), and Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025); Chief Executive Officer of Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2018), Director (since 2017) of Dimensional Holdings Inc., Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC, Dimensional Japan Ltd., Dimensional Advisors Ltd., and DFA Australia Limited; Director and Co-Chief Executive Officer (since 2017) of Dimensional Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd.; Head of Global Financial Advisor Services for Dimensional Investment LLC (since 2017). Formerly, Director (2017-2021) of Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
None |
22
|
Name, Address and Year of Birth |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During At Least the Past 5 Years |
Portfolios within the DFA Fund Complex2 Overseen |
Other Directorships Held During At Least the Past 5 Years |
|
Gerard K. O'Reilly 1976 |
Chairman and Director Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer |
Chairman and Director of DFAIDG and DIG since 2021 Co-Chief Executive Officer since 2017 of DFAIDG and DIG Co-Chief Investment Officer of DFAIDG and DIG since February 2024 |
Co-Chief Executive Officer (since 2017), Co-Chief Investment Officer (since February 2024), and Chief Investment Officer (2017 - February 2024) of the DFA Entities; Co-Chief Executive Officer (since 2020), Co-Chief Investment Officer (since February 2024), and Chief Investment Officer (2020 - February 2024) of Dimensional ETF Trust; Co-Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chief Investment Officer of Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025); Co-Chief Executive Officer of DFA Canada LLC (since 2018); Co-Chief Investment Officer (since February 2024), and Chief Investment Officer (2017 - February 2024) of Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC; Director (since 2017), Co-Chief Investment Officer (since February 2024), Chief Investment Officer (2017 - February 2024) and Vice President (since 2014) of DFA Australia Limited; Co-Chief Investment Officer (since February 2024), Chief Investment Officer (2018 - February 2024) and Vice President (since 2016) of Dimensional Japan Ltd.; Co-Chief Executive Officer (since 2017), Co-Chief Investment Officer (since February 2024), and Chief Investment Officer (2017 - February 2024) of Dimensional Holdings, LLC; Director and Co-Chief Executive Officer (since 2017), Co-Chief Investment Officer (since February 2024) and Chief Investment Officer (2017 - February 2024) of Dimensional Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd.; Director of Dimensional Funds plc (since 2014), Dimensional Fund II plc (since 2014), Dimensional Holdings Inc. (since 2017), Dimensional Advisors Ltd. (since 2017), Dimensional Ireland Limited (since 2018), and Dimensional Funds ICAV (since 2025). Formerly, Director of Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. (2018-2021). |
165 portfolios in 5 investment companies |
None |
1 Each Director holds office for an indefinite term until his or her successor is elected and qualified. The Independent Directors have, however, adopted a retirement policy that permits each Independent Director to serve until December 31st of the year in which the Independent Director turns 75. The Board may determine to extend the term of an Independent Director on a case-by-case basis, as appropriate.
2 Each Director is a director or trustee of each of the five registered investment companies within the DFA Fund Complex, which include: DFAIDG; DIG; DFAITC; DEM; and Dimensional ETF Trust. Each disinterested Director also serves on the Independent Review Committee of the Dimensional Funds, mutual funds registered in the provinces of Canada and managed by the Advisor's affiliate, Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC.
Information relating to each Director's ownership (including the ownership of his or her immediate family) in the Portfolios of the Funds in this SAI and in all registered investment companies in the DFA Fund Complex as of December 31, 2025 is set forth in the chart below.
23
|
Name |
Dollar Range of Portfolio Shares Owned |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Shares Owned in All Funds Overseen by Director in Family of Investment Companies |
|
Disinterested Directors: |
||
|
Reena Aggarwal |
None |
None Directly; Over $100,000 in Simulated Funds* |
|
Douglas W. Diamond |
None |
None Directly; Over $100,000 in Simulated Funds* |
|
Darrell Duffie |
None |
$10,001-$50,000 |
|
Francis A. Longstaff |
None |
None |
|
Stefan Nagel |
None |
Over $100,000; $50,001 - $100,000 in Simulated Funds* |
|
Abbie J. Smith |
None |
None Directly; Over $100,000 in Simulated Funds* |
|
Heather E. Tookes |
None |
None Directly; Over $100,000 in Simulated Funds* |
|
Ingrid M. Werner |
None |
Over $100,000; Over $100,000 in Simulated Funds |
|
Interested Directors: |
||
|
David P. Butler |
U.S. Large Company Portfolio - $50,001-$100,000 U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio - Over $100,000 U.S. Vector Equity - Over $100,000 U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio - Over $100,000 U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio - Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
|
Gerard K. O'Reilly |
None |
Over $100,000 |
* As discussed below, the compensation to certain of the disinterested Directors may be in amounts that correspond to a hypothetical investment in a cross-section of the DFA Funds. Thus, the disinterested Directors who are so compensated experience the same investment returns that are experienced by shareholders of the DFA Funds although the disinterested Directors do not directly own shares of the DFA Funds.
Set forth below is a table listing, for each Director entitled to receive compensation, the compensation received from the Funds during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025 and the total compensation received from all five registered investment companies for which the Advisor served as investment advisor during that same period. The table also provides the compensation paid by each Fund to the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025.
24
|
Name and Position |
Aggregate Compensation from DFAIDG |
Aggregate Compensation from DIG |
Pension or Retirement Benefits as Part of Expense |
Estimated Annual Benefits upon Retirement |
Deferred Amount1 |
Total Compensation from the DFA Fund Complex paid to the Directors1,2 |
||||||||||
|
Reena Aggarwal |
$238,421 |
$25,536 |
N/A |
N/A |
$212,500 |
$425,000 |
||||||||||
|
Director |
||||||||||||||||
|
Douglas W. Diamond |
$255,457 |
$27,350 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
$455,000 |
||||||||||
|
Director |
||||||||||||||||
|
Darrell Duffie |
$238,421 |
$25,536 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
$425,000 |
||||||||||
|
Director |
||||||||||||||||
|
Francis A. Longstaff |
$238,421 |
$25,536 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
$425,000 |
||||||||||
|
Director |
||||||||||||||||
|
Stefan Nagel |
$238,421 |
$25,536 |
N/A |
N/A |
$79,000 |
$425,000 |
||||||||||
|
Director |
||||||||||||||||
|
Abbie J. Smith |
$255,457 |
$27,350 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
$455,000 |
||||||||||
|
Director |
||||||||||||||||
|
Heather E. Tookes |
$238,421 |
$25,536 |
N/A |
N/A |
$252,000 |
$425,000 |
||||||||||
|
Director |
||||||||||||||||
|
Ingrid M Werner |
$329,277 |
$35,210 |
N/A |
N/A |
$85,000 |
$585,000 |
||||||||||
|
Lead Disinterested Director |
||||||||||||||||
|
Randy C. Olson |
$239,361 |
$25,715 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
||||||||||
|
Chief Compliance Officer |
||||||||||||||||
|
1 |
Under a deferred compensation plan (the "Plan") adopted effective January 1, 2002, the disinterested Directors may defer receipt of all or a portion of the compensation for serving as members of the five Boards of Directors/Trustees of the investment companies in the DFA Fund Complex (the "DFA Funds"). Amounts deferred under the Plan are treated as though equivalent dollar amounts had been invested in shares of a cross-section of the DFA Funds (the "Reference Funds" or "Simulated Funds"). The amounts ultimately received by the disinterested Directors under the Plan will be directly linked to the investment performance of the Reference Funds. Deferral of fees in accordance with the Plan will have a negligible effect on a fund's assets, liabilities, and net income per share, and will not obligate a fund to retain the services of any disinterested Director or to pay any particular level of compensation to the disinterested Director. A disinterested Director's deferred compensation will be distributed at the earlier of: (a) January in the year after the disinterested Director's resignation from the Boards of Directors/Trustees of the DFA Funds, or death or disability, or (b) five years following the first deferral, in such amounts as the disinterested Director has specified. The obligations of the DFA Funds to make payments under the Plan will be unsecured general obligations of the DFA Funds, payable out of the general assets and property of the DFA Funds. |
|||||||||||||||
|
2 |
The term DFA Fund Complex refers to the five registered investment companies for which the Advisor performs advisory and administrative services and for which the individuals listed above serve as directors/trustees on the Boards of Directors/Trustees of such companies. |
|||||||||||||||
25
Officers
Below is the name, year of birth, information regarding positions with the Fund and the principal occupation for each officer of the Fund. The address of each officer is 6300 Bee Cave Road, Building One, Austin, TX 78746. Each of the officers listed below holds the same office (except as otherwise noted) in the DFA Entities.
|
Name and Year of |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
|
Melissa Barker |
Assistant Treasurer |
Since 2023 |
Assistant Treasurer of · the DFA Fund Complex (since 2023) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Senior Tax Manager (since 2023) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP Investment Tax Manager (2020 - 2022) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP Assistant Vice President Tax Services (2013 - 2020) of · SS&C ALPS Advisors |
|
Ryan P. Buechner |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
Since 2019 |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary of · DFAIDG, DIG, DFAITC and DEM (since 2019) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Vice President (since 2018) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP Formerly, Vice President of · DFA Securities LLC (2018-2024) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (2018-2025) · Dimensional Investment LLC (2018-2025) |
|
Stephen A. Clark |
Executive Vice President |
Since 2017 |
Executive Vice President of · DFAIDG, DIG, DEM and DFAITC (since 2017) · DFA Securities LLC (since 2017) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2017) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · Dimensional Exchange Fund GP LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I LP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Director and Vice President (since 2016) of · Dimensional Advisors Ltd. · Dimensional Fund Advisors Pte. Ltd. · Dimensional Hong Kong Limited · Dimensional Japan Ltd. Vice President of · DFA Australia Limited (since 2008) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2024) Chairman (since 2018) of |
26
|
Name and Year of |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
|
· Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC Director (since 2016) of · DFA Australia Limited · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC Formerly, President (2016 - 2023) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC Formerly, Director (2016-2021) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. Formerly, Interim Chief Executive Officer (2019 - 2020) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors Pte. Ltd. Formerly, Executive Vice President (2017 - 2025) of · Dimensional Holdings Inc. · Dimensional Investment LLC |
|||
|
Bernard J. Grzelak |
Vice President |
Since 2021 |
Vice President of · the DFA Fund Complex (since 2021) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Chief Financial Officer, Director, Treasurer and Vice President (since 2025) of · Dimensional Exchange Fund GP LLC Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of · DFA Australia Limited (since 2020) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2020) · DFA Canada LLC (since 2020) · DFA Securities LLC (since 2020) · Dimensional Advisors Ltd. (since 2020) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2020) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. (since 2020) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Pte. Ltd. (since 2020) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (since 2020) · Dimensional Hong Kong Limited (since 2020) · Dimensional Investment LLC (since 2020) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I LP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) Vice President (since 2021) of · Dimensional Ireland Limited Formerly, Chief Financial Officer, Vice President and Treasurer of · Dimensional Holdings LLC (2020-2025) |
27
|
Name and Year of |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
|
Eric Hall |
Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
Since 2021 |
Vice President and Assistant Treasurer of · the DFA Fund Complex (since 2021) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Vice President of · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2022) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I LP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) Formerly, Data Integrity Team Lead (2019 - 2021) of · Clearwater Analytics |
|
Jeff J. Jeon |
Vice President |
Since 2004 |
Vice President of · DFAIDG, DIG, DEM and DFAITC (since 2004) · DFA Securities LLC (since 2004) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2004) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (since 2006) · Dimensional Investment LLC (since 2009) · Dimensional Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. (since 2010) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · Dimensional Exchange Fund GP LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I LP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) |
28
|
Name and Year of |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
|
Carolyn S. Lee |
Vice President and Secretary |
Vice President since 2010 and Secretary since 2017 |
Vice President of · DFAIDG, DIG, DEM and DFAITC (since 2010) · DFA Securities LLC (since 2010) · Dimensional Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. (since 2010) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (since 2010) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2010) · Dimensional Investment LLC (since 2010) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2016) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) Vice President and Secretary of · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · Dimensional Exchange Fund GP LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund LLP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Secretary (since 2017) of · DFAIDG, DIG, DEM and DFAITC Assistant Secretary (since 2016) of · DFA Securities LLC · Dimensional Holdings Inc. · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP · Dimensional Investment LLC Director (since 2025) of · Dimensional Funds ICAV |
|
Joy Lopez |
Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
Vice President since 2015 and Assistant Treasurer since 2017 |
Vice President of · DFAIDG, DIG, DFAITC and DEM (since 2015) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2015) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. (since 2015) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · DFA Australia Limited (since 2020) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2020) · Dimensional Ireland Limited (since 2020) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Assistant Treasurer of · DFAIDG, DIG, DFAITC and DEM (since 2017) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Formerly, Vice President of · DFA Securities LLC (2015-2024) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (2015-2025) · Dimensional Investment LLC (2015-2025) |
29
|
Name and Year of |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
|
Kenneth M. Manell |
Vice President |
Since 2010 |
Vice President of · DFAIDG, DIG, DFAITC and DEM (since 2010) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2010) · Dimensional Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. (since 2010) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (since 2010) · Dimensional Investment LLC (since 2010) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund LLP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Formerly, Vice President (2010-2024) of · DFA Securities LLC |
|
Jan Miller |
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer |
Since 2021 |
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer of · the DFA Fund Complex (since 2021) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Vice President and Treasurer (since 2025) of · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund LLP · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC Vice President of · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2022) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2023) · Dimensional Exchange Fund GP LLC (since 2025) Formerly, Vice President · DFA Securities LLC (2023-2024) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (2023-2025) · Dimensional Investment LLC (2023-2025) Formerly, Director (2019 - 2021) at · INVESCO, U.S. (formerly, OppenheimerFunds, Inc.) |
|
Catherine L. Newell |
President and General Counsel |
President since 2017 and General Counsel since 2001 |
President of · DFAIDG, DIG, DEM and DFAITC (since 2017) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) General Counsel of · DFAIDG, DIG, DEM and DFAITC (since 2001) · DFA Securities LLC (since 2006) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2006) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (since 2006) · DFA Canada LLC (since 2009) · Dimensional Investment LLC (since 2009) · Dimensional ETF Trust (since 2020) · Dimensional Exchange Fund GP LLC (since 2025) |
30
|
Name and Year of |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
|
· Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund LLP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Executive Vice President of · DFA Securities LLC (since 2017) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2017) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (since 2017) · Dimensional Investment LLC (since 2017) · Dimensional Exchange Fund GP LLC (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund LLP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) Vice President of · DFA Australia Limited (since 1997) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. (since 1997) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2003) · DFA Canada LLC (since 2009) · Dimensional Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. (since 2010) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Pte. Ltd. (since 2012) · Dimensional Hong Kong Limited (since 2012) · Dimensional Japan Ltd. (since 2012) · Dimensional Advisors Ltd. (since 2014) Secretary of · DFA Australia Limited (since 2001) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. (since 2001) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2003) · DFA Securities LLC (since 2006) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2006) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (since 2006) · DFA Canada LLC (since 2009) · Dimensional Investment LLC (since 2009) · Dimensional Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. (since 2010) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Pte. Ltd. (since 2012) · Dimensional Japan Ltd. (since 2012) · Dimensional Advisors Ltd. (since 2014) Assistant Secretary of · Dimensional Hong Kong Limited (since 2012) Director of · Dimensional Funds plc (since 2002) · Dimensional Funds II plc (since 2006) · DFA Australia Limited (since 2007) · Dimensional Advisors Ltd. (since 2012) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Pte. Ltd. (since 2012) |
31
|
Name and Year of |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
|
· Dimensional Japan Ltd. (since 2012) · Dimensional Hong Kong Limited (since 2012) · Dimensional Ireland Limited (since 2018) Formerly, Director (2002 - 2021) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. Formerly, Secretary and General Counsel (2006 - 2025), and Executive Vice President (2006 - 2025) of · Dimensional Holdings LLC |
|||
|
Selwyn J. Notelovitz |
Vice President |
Since 2021 |
Vice President of · the DFA Fund Complex (since 2021) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Vice President (since 2012) and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2020) of · DFA Securities LLC · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP Chief Compliance Officer (since 2020) of: · DFA Australia Limited · Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd. Formerly, Director (2019-2021) of: · Dimensional Ireland Limited Formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (2020-2025) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (2020-2025) · Dimensional Investment LLC (2020-2025) Formerly, Vice President (2012-2025) of · Dimensional Holdings Inc. · Dimensional Investment LLC |
|
Randy C. Olson 1980 |
Chief Compliance Officer |
Since 2020 |
Chief Compliance Officer of · the DFA Fund Complex (since 2020) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2025) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Vice President (since 2016) of · DFA Securities LLC (since 2016) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2016) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2023) Formerly, Vice President (2016-2025) of · Dimensional Holdings Inc. · Dimensional Investment LLC |
32
|
Name and Year of |
Position |
Term of Office1 and Length of Service |
Principal Occupation During Past 5 Years |
|
Savina B. Rizova 1981 |
Co-Chief Investment Officer |
Since 2024 |
Co-Chief Investment Officer of · DFA Fund Complex (since 2024) · DFA Australia Limited (since 2024) · DFA Securities LLC (since 2024) · Dimensional Cayman Commodity Fund I Ltd. (since 2024) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2024) · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2024) · Dimensional Japan Ltd. (since 2024) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Global Head of Research (since 2020) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP Vice President (since 2012) of · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP · DFA Securities LLC Formerly, Co-Chief Investment Officer (2024-2025) of · Dimensional Holdings Inc. · Dimensional Holdings LLC · Dimensional Investment LLC Formerly, Vice President (2012-2025) of · Dimensional Holdings Inc. · Dimensional Investment LLC |
|
James J. Taylor 1983 |
Vice President and Assistant Treasurer |
Since 2020 |
Vice President and Assistant Treasurer of · the DFA Fund Complex (since 2020) · Dimensional Funds Trust (since 2025) Vice President of · Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (since 2016) · Dimensional Fund Advisors Canada ULC (since 2020) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund LLP (since 2025) · Dimensional US Equity Exchange Fund I REIT LLC (since 2025) Formerly, Vice President (2016-2024) of · DFA Securities LLC (2016-2024) · Dimensional Holdings Inc. (2016-2025) · Dimensional Investment LLC (2016-2025) |
1 Each officer holds office for an indefinite term at the pleasure of the Board and until his or her successor is elected and qualified.
As of January 31, 2026, the Directors and officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding stock of each Portfolio described in this SAI.
33
SERVICES TO THE FUND
Administrative Services
State Street Bank and Trust Company ("State Street"), One Congress Street, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02114-2016, serves as the accounting and administration services agent for the Portfolios. The services provided by State Street are subject to supervision by the executive officers and the Board, and include day-to-day keeping and maintenance of certain records, calculation of the offering price of the shares, preparation of reports, and liaison with its custodians. For the administrative and accounting services provided by State Street, the Portfolios pay State Street an annual fee that is calculated daily and paid monthly according to a fee schedule based on the aggregate average net assets of the DFA mutual fund complex ("Fund Complex"), which includes four registered investment companies. The fee schedule is set forth in the table below:
|
Net Asset Value of the Fund Complex (Excluding Fund of Funds) |
Annual Basis Point Rate |
|
$0 - $100 Billion |
0.324 |
|
Over $100 Billion - $200 Billion |
0.242 |
|
Over $200 Billion - $300 Billion |
0.173 |
|
Over $300 Billion |
0.131 |
The fees charged to a Portfolio under the fee schedule are allocated to each such Portfolio based on the Portfolio's pro-rata portion of the applicable aggregate average net assets of the Fund Complex.
Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Congress Street, Suite 1, Boston MA 02114-2016, serves as the transfer agent for the ETF Class shares of the Portfolios.
Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Congress Street, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02114-2016, serves as the custodian for the Portfolios. The custodian maintains a separate account or accounts for the Portfolio; receives, holds, and releases portfolio securities on account of the Portfolio; makes receipts and disbursements of money on behalf of the Portfolio; and collects and receives income and other payments and distributions on account of the Portfolio's portfolio securities.
Distributor
DFA Securities LLC ("DFAS" or the "Distributor"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Advisor, acts as the principal underwriter in the continuous public offering of the Fund's ETF Class shares. DFAS is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. The principal business address of DFAS is 6300 Bee Cave Road, Austin, Texas 78746.
ETF Class shares are continuously offered for sale by the Fund through the Distributor or its agent only in Creation Units, as described in the Prospectus and below in the "Creation and Redemption of Creation Units" section of this SAI. ETF Class shares of the Portfolios in amounts less than Creation Units are generally not distributed by the Distributor or its agent. The Distributor or its agent will arrange for the delivery of the prospectus and, upon request, this SAI to persons purchasing Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it or its agents and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it or its agents.
The Distributor may enter into agreements with securities dealers ("Soliciting Dealers") who will solicit purchases of Creation Units of the Portfolios' ETF Class shares. Such Soliciting Dealers may also be Authorized Participants, Depository Trust Company ("DTC") participants and/or investor services organizations.
34
The Distributor may be entitled to payments from the Fund under the Rule 12b-1 plan. Except as noted, the Distributor received no other compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter. In accordance with the Rule 12b-1 plan, each Portfolio's ETF Class shares are authorized to pay Rule 12b-1 fees to the Distributor of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets per year of the Portfolio's ETF Class shares for any activities primarily intended to result in the sale of Creation Units of the Portfolio's ETF Class shares or the provision of investor services, including but not limited to: (i) marketing and promotional services, including advertising; (ii) facilitating communications with beneficial owners of ETF Class shares of the Portfolios; (iii) wholesaling services; and (iv) such other services and obligations as may be set forth in the Distribution Agreement with the Distributor. The 12b-1 Plan is a compensation plan. Thus, to the extent that the fee is authorized, it is payable regardless of the distribution-related expenses actually incurred and so the amount of distribution fees paid by the shares during any year may be more than actual expenses incurred pursuant to the 12b-1 Plan. With respect to the ETF Class shares, a Portfolio will not pay more than the maximum amount allowed under the 12b-1 Plan.
The Rule 12b-1 plan is intended to permit the financing of a broad array of distribution-related activities and services, as well as shareholder services, for the benefit of investors. These activities and services are intended to make the ETF Class shares an attractive investment alternative, which may lead to increased assets, investment opportunities and diversification. No fees are currently paid by any Portfolio's ETF Class shares under the Rule 12b-1 plan and there are no current plans to impose such fees. In the event such fees were to be charged, over time they would increase the cost of an investment in a Portfolio. If fees were charged under the Plan, the Directors would receive and review at the end of each quarter a written report provided by the Distributor of the amounts expended under the Plan and the purpose for which such expenditures were made.
The Rule 12b-1 plan will remain in effect for a period of one year and is renewable from year to year with respect to a Portfolio's ETF Class shares, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually in accordance with the requirements of the 1940 Act. The Rule 12b-1 plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of fees paid by any Portfolio unless such amendment is approved by a 1940 Act majority vote of the outstanding ETF Class shares and by a vote of the majority of those Disinterested Directors who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Rule 12b-1 plan or in any agreements related thereto ("Rule 12b-1 Directors"). The Rule 12b-1 plan is terminable with respect to a Portfolio's ETF Class shares at any time by a vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Directors or by a 1940 Act majority vote of the outstanding ETF Class shares.
Legal Counsel
Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP serves as legal counsel to the Fund. Its address is 2600 One Commerce Square, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7098.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP ("PwC") is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund and audits the annual financial statements of each Portfolio. PwC's address is Two Commerce Square, Suite 1800, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7042.
Investment Management
Dimensional Fund Advisors LP, located at 6300 Bee Cave Road, Building One, Austin, TX 78746, serves as investment advisor to the Portfolios. Pursuant to an Investment Management Agreement with each Portfolio, the Advisor is responsible for the management of their respective assets.
Payments by the Advisor to Certain Third Parties Not Affiliated with the Advisor
The Advisor and its advisory affiliates have entered into arrangements with certain unaffiliated third parties pursuant to which the Advisor or its advisory affiliates make payments from their own assets or provide services to such unaffiliated third parties as further described below. Certain of the unaffiliated third parties who have entered into such arrangements with the Advisor or its advisory affiliates are affiliated with independent financial advisors ("FAs") whose clients may invest in the Portfolios or other investment companies advised by the Advisor ("DFA
35
Advised Funds"). Generally, the Advisor does not consider the existence of such arrangements with an affiliate, by itself, to be determinative in assessing whether an FA is independent.
Training and Education Related Benefits Provided by the Advisor
From time to time, the Advisor or its affiliates provide certain non-advisory services (such as data collection and analysis or other consulting services) to financial intermediaries ("Intermediaries") that may be involved in the distribution of DFA Advised Funds and may recommend the purchase of such DFA Advised Funds for their clients. Intermediaries may include, without limitation, FAs, broker-dealers, institutional investment consultants, and plan service providers (such as recordkeepers). The Advisor or its affiliates also may provide services to Intermediaries, including: (i) personnel and outside consultants for purposes of continuing education, internal strategic planning and, for FAs, practice management; (ii) analysis, including historical market analysis and risk/return analysis; (iii) continuing education to investment advisers (some of whom may be dual registered investment advisers/broker-dealers); and (iv) other services.
The Advisor regularly provides educational speakers and facilities for conferences or events for Intermediaries, customers or clients of the Intermediaries, or such customers' or clients' service providers, and also may sponsor such events. For its sponsored events, the Advisor typically pays any associated food, beverage, and facilities-related expenses and speakers' fees. The Advisor has consulting arrangements with certain speakers, who may be affiliated with a client of the Advisor. The Advisor or its affiliates sometimes pay a fee to attend, speak at or assist in sponsoring conferences or events organized by others, and on occasion, pay travel accommodations of certain participants attending such conferences or events. The Advisor's sponsorship of conferences or events organized by others from time to time includes direct payments to vendors on behalf of, and/or reimbursement of expenses incurred by, the organizers of such events. Also, from time to time, the Advisor makes direct payments to vendors on behalf of, and/or reimbursement of expenses incurred by, Intermediaries in connection with the Intermediaries hosting educational, training, customer appreciation, or other events for such Intermediaries and/or their customers. Personnel of the Advisor may or may not be present at any of the conferences or events hosted by third parties described above. The Advisor generally will promote its participation in or sponsorship of such conferences or events in marketing or advertising materials. At the request of a client or potential client, the Advisor or its affiliates may also refer such client to one or more Intermediaries.
The provision of these services, arrangements and payments described above by the Advisor present conflicts of interest because they provide incentives for Intermediaries, customers or clients of Intermediaries, or such customers' or clients' service providers to recommend, or otherwise make available, the Advisor's strategies or DFA Advised Funds to their clients in order to receive or continue to benefit from these arrangements from the Advisor or its affiliates. However, the provision of these services, arrangements and payments by the Advisor or its affiliates is not dependent on the amount of DFA Advised Funds or strategies sold or recommended by such Intermediaries, customers or clients of Intermediaries, or such customers' or clients' service providers.
Consultation Referral Fees Paid by the Advisor
From time to time, consultants of the Advisor are paid a commission for client referrals. Such commissions typically are calculated based on a flat fee, percentage of total fees received by the Advisor as a result of such referrals, or other means agreed to between the Advisor and the consultants.
Payments to Intermediaries by the Advisor
Additionally, the Advisor or its advisory affiliates may enter into arrangements with, and/or make payments from their own assets to, certain Intermediaries to enable access to DFA Advised Funds, or model portfolios that use the DFA Advised Funds, on platforms and through programs or products made available by such Intermediaries or to assist such Intermediaries to upgrade existing technology systems, or implement new technology systems, platforms, programs, or products in order to improve the methods through which the Intermediaries provide services to the Advisor and its advisory affiliates, and/or their clients. The Advisor or its advisory affiliates may also make payments to Intermediaries related to marketing activities and presentations, educational training programs, conferences, data provision services, or making shares of the DFA Advised Funds available to their customers generally and in certain investment programs. The Advisor may make payments to
36
Intermediaries and other financial service providers for data regarding DFA Advised Funds, such as statistical information regarding sales of shares of DFA Advised Funds through Intermediaries. Such arrangements or payments may establish contractual obligations on the part of such Intermediaries to provide DFA Advised Funds, the Advisor, or their clients with certain exclusive or preferred access to the use of the subject technology or programs or preferable placement or inclusion with such Intermediaries' platforms, programs or products. Payments of this type are sometimes referred to as revenue-sharing payments. Any payments made pursuant to such arrangements may vary in any year and may be different for different Intermediaries. In certain cases, the payments described here may be subject to certain minimum payment levels, be a fixed amount, and/or depend on assets invested in a particular fund through such Intermediary.
The services, arrangements, and payments described above, which may be significant to the Intermediaries, present conflicts of interest because they provide incentives for Intermediaries, customers or clients of Intermediaries, or such customers' or clients' service providers, to recommend, or otherwise make available, DFA Advised Funds to their clients in order to receive or continue to benefit from these arrangements from the Advisor or its affiliates.
As of January 31, 2026, the Intermediaries receiving such payments include: Advyzon, Charles Schwab & Co. Inc., Envestnet Asset Management, Inc., Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC, Great-West Life & Annuity Insurance Company, LPL Financial LLC, National Financial Services, LLC, Orion Portfolio Solutions, LLC, Principal Life Insurance Company, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Standard Retirement Services, Transamerica Retirement Solutions, LLC, and UBS Financial Services Inc. Any additions, modifications, or deletions to this list of financial intermediaries that have occurred since January 31, 2026 are not included in this list. Please contact your salesperson, advisor, broker or other investment professional for more information regarding any such payments or financial incentives his or her intermediary firm may receive.
Any payments described above made by the Advisor, or an affiliate of the Advisor, will be made from their own assets and not from the assets of the Portfolios. As a result, such payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fees and expenses sections of the Portfolios' prospectuses.
Data Services Purchased by the Advisor
The Advisor purchases certain data services and products used by the Advisor for sales, distribution and research purposes. In limited circumstances, a data vendor or its affiliate also provides investment consulting services, and such vendor or affiliated entity may refer one or more of its consulting clients to DFA Advised Funds. Any investment consulting services and referrals are unrelated to the Advisor's process for the review and purchase of certain data services.
MANAGEMENT FEES
David G. Booth, as a director and officer of the Advisor and shareholder of the Advisor's general partner, and Rex A. Sinquefield, as a shareholder of the Advisor's general partner, acting together, could be deemed controlling persons of the Advisor. Mr. Booth also serves as Chairman Emeritus of the Fund. For the services it provides as investment advisor to each Portfolio, the Advisor is paid a monthly fee calculated as a percentage of average net assets of the Portfolio. Each class of each Portfolio pays its proportionate share of the fees paid by the Portfolio to the Advisor based on the average net assets of the respective class.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2025, October 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Portfolios paid management fees to the Advisor as set forth in the following table.
37
|
Portfolio |
For the Fiscal Year Ended |
Gross Management Fees (000) |
Management Fees Waived / Expenses |
Net Management Fees (After Waivers/Expense Reimbursements) (000) |
|||||||||
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
2025 |
$7,548 |
($1,511) |
$6,037 |
* |
||||||||
|
2024 |
$6,965 |
($1,943) |
$5,022 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$6,052 |
($1,350) |
$4,702 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
2025 |
$2,131 |
None |
$2,131 |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$1,787 |
None |
$1,787 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$1,619 |
None |
$1,619 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
2025 |
$44,487 |
None |
$44,487 |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$43,087 |
None |
$43,087 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$38,706 |
None |
$38,706 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
2025 |
$35,616 |
($1,002) |
$34,614 |
* |
||||||||
|
2024 |
$34,783 |
($608) |
$34,175 |
* |
|||||||||
|
2023 |
$32,245 |
None |
$32,245 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
2025 |
$42,736 |
None |
$42,736 |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$40,049 |
None |
$40,049 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$34,739 |
None |
$34,739 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
2025 |
$53,948 |
($2,846) |
$51,102 |
* |
||||||||
|
2024 |
$52,127 |
($2,806) |
$49,321 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$47,604 |
None |
$47,604 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
2025 |
$10,441 |
None |
$10,441 |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$11,874 |
None |
$11,874 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$10,914 |
None |
$10,914 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
2025 |
$40,680 |
($1,212) |
$39,468 |
* |
||||||||
|
2024 |
$38,355 |
($772) |
$37,583 |
* |
|||||||||
|
2023 |
$34,674 |
None |
$34,674 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
2025 |
$26,027 |
None |
$26,027 |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$26,737 |
None |
$26,737 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$24,759 |
None |
$24,759 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
2025 |
$10,131 |
($278) |
$9,853 |
* |
||||||||
|
2024 |
$9,640 |
None |
$9,640 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$8,868 |
None |
$8,868 |
||||||||||
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
2025 |
$11,905 |
($1,794) |
$10,111 |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$12,050 |
($1,525) |
$10,525 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$12,831 |
($1,815) |
$11,016 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
2025 |
$5,575 |
None |
$5,575 |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$4,996 |
None |
$4,996 |
||||||||||
|
2023 |
$3,949 |
None |
$3,949 |
||||||||||
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
2025 |
$4,268 |
None |
$4,268 |
|||||||||
|
2024 |
$3,240 |
None |
$3,240 |
||||||||||
38
|
2023 |
$2,479 |
None |
$2,479 |
||||||||||
|
* |
After waiver and recoupment of fees previously waived |
||||||||||||
FEE WAIVER AND EXPENSE ASSUMPTION AGREEMENTS
Pursuant to a Fee Waiver and Expense Assumption Agreement for each Portfolio's ETF Class shares, the Advisor has agreed to waive certain fees and in certain instances, assume certain expenses of the Portfolio's ETF Class shares, as described below. The Fee Waiver and Expense Assumption Agreement will remain in effect through February 28, 2027, and may only be terminated by the Fund's Board of Directors prior to that date. The Fee Waiver and Expense Assumption Agreement shall continue in effect from year to year thereafter unless terminated by the Fund or the Advisor. With respect to each Fee Waiver and Expense Assumption Agreement, prior year waived fees and/or assumed expenses can be recaptured only if the expense ratio of the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio following such recapture would be less than the expense cap that was in place when such prior year fees were waived and/or expenses assumed, and less than the current expense cap in place for the Portfolio's ETF Class shares. Each Portfolio is not obligated to reimburse the Advisor for fees previously waived or expenses previously assumed by the Advisor more than thirty-six months before the date of such reimbursement.
U.S. Large Company Portfolio
The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its management fee and assume the ordinary operating expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio to the extent necessary to reduce the ordinary operating expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio (excluding expenses incurred through investment in other investment companies) ("Portfolio Expenses") to the extent necessary to limit the Portfolio Expenses, on an annualized basis, to the rate listed below as a percentage of the average net assets of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio (the "Expense Limitation Amount"). At any time that the annualized Portfolio Expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio are less than the Expense Limitation Amount identified below, the Advisor retains the right to recover any fees previously waived and/or expenses previously assumed to the extent that the amount of such recovery will not cause the annualized Portfolio Expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio to exceed the Expense Limitation Amount.
|
Portfolio |
Expense Limitation |
|
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
0.08% |
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio
The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its management fee and assume the ordinary operating expenses of the ETF Class shares of each of the following Portfolios (excluding the expenses that the Portfolio incurs indirectly through its investment in other investment companies) ("Portfolio Expenses") to the extent necessary to limit the Portfolio Expenses of the ETF Class shares each Portfolio, on an annualized basis, to the rates listed below as a percentage of the average net assets of the ETF Class shares of the respective Portfolio (the "Expense Limitation Amount"). At any time that the Portfolio Expenses of the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio are less than the Expense Limitation Amount identified below, the Advisor retains the right to recover any fees previously waived and/or expenses previously assumed to the extent that such recovery will not cause the
39
annualized Portfolio Expenses for such Portfolio's ETF Class shares to exceed the applicable Expense Limitation Amount identified below.
|
Portfolio |
Expense Limitation |
|
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
0.14% |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
0.31% |
|
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
0.15% |
|
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
0.18% |
|
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
0.24% |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
0.27% |
|
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
0.41% |
|
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
0.18% |
|
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
0.18% |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
0.32% |
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio
The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its management fee and to assume the expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio (excluding the expenses the Portfolio incurs indirectly through investment in other investment companies) ("Portfolio Expenses") to the extent necessary to limit the Portfolio Expenses, on an annualized basis, to the rate listed below as a percentage of the average net assets of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio (the "Expense Limitation Amount"). At any time that the annualized Portfolio Expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio are less than the Expense Limitation Amount identified below, the Advisor retains the right to recover any fees previously waived and/or expenses previously assumed to the extent that the amount of such recovery will not cause the annualized Portfolio Expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio to exceed the Expense Limitation Amount.
|
Portfolio |
Expense Amount |
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
0.29% |
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio
The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive all or a portion of its management fee and to assume the ordinary operating expenses of the ETF Class of the Portfolio (including the expenses that the Portfolio bears as a shareholder of other funds managed by the Advisor, excluding money market funds and the Short Term Series, but excluding the expenses that the Portfolio incurs indirectly through its investment in unaffiliated investment companies) ("Portfolio Expenses") to the extent necessary to limit the Portfolio Expenses, on an annualized basis, to the rate listed below as a percentage of the average net assets of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio (the "Expense Limitation Amount"). At any time that the annualized Portfolio Expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio are less than the Expense Limitation Amount identified below, the Advisor retains the right to recover any fees previously waived and/or expenses previously assumed to the extent that the amount of such recovery will not cause the annualized Portfolio Expenses of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio to exceed the Expense Limitation Amount.
|
Portfolio |
Expense Limitation |
|
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
0.22% |
40
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
In accordance with the team approach used to manage the Portfolios, the portfolio managers and portfolio traders implement the policies and procedures established by the Investment Committee. The portfolio managers and portfolio traders also make daily investment decisions regarding the Portfolios based on the parameters established by the Investment Committee. The individuals named below are the portfolio managers that coordinate the efforts of all other portfolio managers or trading personnel with respect to the day-to-day management of the Portfolios indicated.
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall, Joseph F. Hohn and Joel P. Schneider |
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio, U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio, U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio, U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio, DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio, U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio, and U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall, John A. Hertzer, and Allen Pu |
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio, U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio, U.S. Small Cap Portfolio, U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio, and U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall, Joel P. Schneider and Marc C. Leblond |
Other Managed Accounts
In addition to the Portfolios, each portfolio manager manages: (i) other U.S. registered investment companies advised or sub-advised by the Advisor; (ii) other pooled investment vehicles that are not U.S. registered investment companies; and (iii) other accounts managed for organizations and individuals. The following table sets forth information regarding the total accounts for which each portfolio manager has the primary responsibility for coordinating the day-to-day management responsibilities.
|
Name of Portfolio Manager |
Number of Accounts Managed and Total Assets by Category As of October 31, 2025 |
|
Jed S. Fogdall |
· 130 U.S. registered mutual funds with $639,053 million in total assets under management. · 29 unregistered pooled investment vehicles with $38,291 million in total assets under management, of which 1 account with $186 million in assets may be subject to a performance fee. · 1,799 other accounts with $41,471 million in total assets under management, of which 4 accounts with $1,470 million in assets may be subject to a performance fee. |
|
John A. Hertzer |
· 32 U.S. registered mutual funds with $217,244 million in total assets under management. · 3 unregistered pooled investment vehicles with $7,191 million in total assets under management. · 2 other accounts with $9,882 million in total assets under management. |
|
Joseph F. Hohn |
· 32 U.S. registered mutual funds with $211,168 million in total assets under management. · 7 unregistered pooled investment vehicles with $1,153 million in total assets under management. · 2 other accounts with $4,355 million in total assets under management. |
|
Marc C. Leblond |
· 14 U.S. registered mutual funds with $85,514 million in total assets under management. · 3 unregistered pooled investment vehicles with $1,476 million in total assets under management, of which 1 account with $186 million in assets may be subject to a performance fee. · 17 other accounts with $7,621 million in total assets under management. |
|
Allen Pu |
· 70 U.S. registered mutual funds with $338,223 million in total assets under management. · 16 unregistered pooled investment vehicles with $29,175 million in total assets under management. · 0 other accounts. |
41
|
Joel P. Schneider |
· 43 U.S. registered mutual funds with $244,419 million in total assets under management. · 0 unregistered pooled investment vehicles. · 4 other accounts with $4,771 million in total assets under management. |
Description of Compensation Structure
Portfolio managers receive a base salary and bonus. Compensation of a portfolio manager is determined at the discretion of the Advisor and is based on a portfolio manager's experience, responsibilities, the perception of the quality of his or her work efforts, and other subjective factors. The compensation of portfolio managers is not directly based upon the performance of the Portfolios or other accounts that the portfolio managers manage. The Advisor reviews the compensation of each portfolio manager annually and may make modifications in compensation as its Compensation Committee deems necessary to reflect changes in the market. Each portfolio manager's compensation consists of the following:
· Base salary. Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary. The Advisor considers the factors described above to determine each portfolio manager's base salary.
· Annual Bonus. Each portfolio manager may receive an annual bonus. The amount of the bonus paid to each portfolio manager is based upon the factors described above.
Portfolio managers may be awarded the right to purchase restricted shares of the stock of the Advisor, as determined from time to time, by the Board of Directors of the Advisor or its delegates. Portfolio managers also participate in benefit and retirement plans and other programs available generally to all employees.
In addition, portfolio managers may be given the option of participating in the Advisor's Long Term Incentive Plan. The level of participation for eligible employees may be dependent on overall level of compensation, among other considerations. Participation in this program is not based on or related to the performance of any individual strategies or any particular client accounts.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest may arise in the portfolio managers' management of the Portfolios, along with other investment companies within the DFA Fund Complex (herein referred to as "portfolios"). Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has the primary day-to-day responsibilities with respect to more than one portfolio and account. Other accounts include registered mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (other than the portfolios), other unregistered pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals ("Accounts"). An Account may have similar investment objectives to a portfolio, or may purchase, sell or hold securities that are eligible to be purchased, sold or held by a portfolio. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest include:
• Time Management. The management of multiple portfolios and/or Accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each portfolio and/or Account. The Advisor seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most Accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment approaches that are used in connection with the management of the portfolios.
• Investment Opportunities. It is possible that at times identical securities will be held by more than one portfolio and/or Account. However, positions in the same security may vary and the length of time that any portfolio or Account may choose to hold its investment in the same security may likewise vary. If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one portfolio or Account, a portfolio may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible portfolios and Accounts. To deal with these situations, the Advisor has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio transactions across multiple portfolios and Accounts.
42
• Broker Selection. With respect to securities transactions for the portfolios, the Advisor determines which broker to use to execute each order, consistent with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain Accounts (such as separate accounts), the Advisor may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, the Advisor or its affiliates may place separate, non-simultaneous, transactions for a portfolio and another Account that may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the portfolio or the Account.
• Performance-Based Fees. For some Accounts, the Advisor may be compensated based on the profitability of the Account, such as by a performance-based management fee. These incentive compensation structures may create a conflict of interest for the Advisor with regard to Accounts where the Advisor is paid based on a percentage of assets because the portfolio manager may have an incentive to allocate securities preferentially to the Accounts where the Advisor might share in investment gains.
• Investment in an Account. A portfolio manager or his/her relatives may invest in an Account that he or she manages and a conflict may arise where he or she may therefore have an incentive to treat the Account in which the portfolio manager or his/her relatives invest preferentially as compared to a portfolio or other Accounts for which he or she has portfolio management responsibilities.
The Advisor and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are reasonably designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises. For more information regarding the potential conflicts of interest with respect to the Portfolios operating a multi-class ETF fund structure, please see the "Other Information-Multi-Class ETF Fund Structure" section of the Prospectus.
Investments in Each Portfolio
Information relating to each portfolio manager's ownership (including the ownership of his or her immediate family) in the Portfolios contained in this SAI that he or she manages as of October 31, 2025 is set forth in the chart below.
|
Portfolio |
Portfolio Manager(s) |
Dollar Range of Portfolio Shares Owned |
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall Joseph F. Hohn Joel P. Schneider |
None $50,001 - $100,000 None |
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall John A. Hertzer Allen Pu |
None None None |
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall Joel P. Schneider Marc C. Leblond |
None $1 - $10,000 $10,001 - $50,000 |
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall Joel P. Schneider Marc C. Leblond |
None $1 - $10,000 $10,001 - $50,000 |
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall John A. Hertzer Allen Pu |
Over $1,000,000 $500,001 - $1,000,000 None |
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall John A. Hertzer |
None None |
43
|
Portfolio |
Portfolio Manager(s) |
Dollar Range of Portfolio Shares Owned |
|
Allen Pu |
None |
|
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall John A. Hertzer Allen Pu |
None None None |
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall Joel P. Schneider Marc C. Leblond |
None $1 - $10,000 $10,001 - $50,000 |
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall Joel P. Schneider Marc C. Leblond |
None $1 - $10,000 $100,001 - $500,000 |
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall John A. Hertzer Allen Pu |
None None None |
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall John A. Hertzer Allen Pu |
None None None |
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall John A. Hertzer Allen Pu |
None None None |
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
Jed S. Fogdall Marc C. Leblond Joel P. Schneider |
None $10,001 - $50,000 $1 - $10,000 |
CODE OF ETHICS
The Funds, the Advisor, and DFAS have adopted a revised Code of Ethics, under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act, for certain access persons of the Portfolios. The Code of Ethics is designed to ensure that access persons act in the interest of a Portfolio, and their shareholders, with respect to any personal trading of securities. Under the Code of Ethics, access persons are generally prohibited from knowingly buying or selling securities (except for mutual funds, U.S. Government securities, and money market instruments) which are being purchased, sold, or considered for purchase or sale by a Portfolio unless their proposed purchases are approved in advance. The Code of Ethics also contains certain reporting requirements and securities trading clearance procedures.
SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS
The ETF Class shares of each Portfolio, when issued and paid for in accordance with the Portfolio's Prospectus, will be fully paid and non-assessable shares. Each share of common stock of a Portfolio represents an equal proportional interest in the assets and liabilities of the Portfolio and generally has identical, non-cumulative voting, dividend, redemption liquidation, and other rights and preferences as each other class of the Portfolio, except that on a matter affecting a single class only shares of that class of the Portfolio are permitted to vote on the matter. In addition, in contrast to the Institutional Class shares, the ETF Class shares are exchange traded, not individually redeemable, and do not have conversion rights. Further, due to the structural and operational differences of mutual funds and ETFs, the declaration and payment dates of dividends, and the ability to automatically reinvest such dividends, differ between Institutional and ETF Class shares, as described in the Prospectus.
With respect to matters which require shareholder approval, shareholders are entitled to vote only with respect to matters which affect the interest of the Portfolio or class of shares of the Portfolio which they hold, except as otherwise required by applicable law. If liquidation of the Fund should occur, the Fund's shareholders would be
44
entitled to receive, on a per class basis, the assets of the particular Portfolio whose shares they own, as well as a proportionate share of Fund assets not attributable to any particular Portfolio. Ordinarily, the Fund does not intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders, except as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable law. The Fund's bylaws provide that special meetings of shareholders shall be called at the written request of shareholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. Such meeting may be called to consider any matter, including the removal of one or more directors. Shareholders will receive shareholder communications with respect to such matters as required by the 1940 Act, including semi-annual and annual financial statements of the Fund, the latter being audited.
Shareholder inquiries may be made by writing or calling the Fund at the address or telephone number appearing on the cover of this SAI. Only those individuals whose signatures are on file for the account in question may receive specific account information or make changes in the account registration.
Book Entry Only System. The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the relevant information included in the Prospectus. DTC Acts as securities depository for ETF Class shares. ETF Class shares of the Portfolios are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.
DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (the "DTC Participants") and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"), NYSE MKT and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the "Indirect Participants").
Beneficial ownership of ETF Class shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in ETF Class shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as "Beneficial Owners") is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase and sale of ETF Class shares. No Beneficial Owner shall have the right to receive a certificate representing such ETF Class shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Fund and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Fund upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Fund a listing of the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio held by each DTC Participant. The Fund shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding ETF Class shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Fund shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Fund shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Portfolio distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all Portfolio ETF Class shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall immediately credit DTC Participants' accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in ETF Class shares of a Portfolio as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of ETF Class shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a "street name," and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
45
The Fund has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such ETF Class shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue providing its service with respect to ETF Class shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Fund shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.
PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
Because the ETF Class shares of the Portfolios have not been offered prior to the date of this SAI, no person beneficially owned 5% or more of the outstanding ETF Class shares of the Portfolios as of the date of this SAI.
CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS
General
Except in connection with a shareholder's conversion of a Portfolio's Institutional Class shares into such Portfolio's ETF Class shares, each Portfolio issues ETF Class shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor or its agent, without a sales load. ETF Class shares are priced at the NAV next determined after receipt, on any Business Day (as defined below), of an order received by the Transfer Agent in proper form. A "Business Day" with respect to each Portfolio's ETF Class shares is any day on which the Exchange on which the ETF Class shares are listed for trading is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, the Exchange observes the following holidays: New Year's Day (observed), Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington's Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Juneteenth National Independence Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, the Portfolios may require orders to be placed earlier in the day. Although it is expected that the same holidays will be observed in the future, the Exchange may modify its holiday schedule or hours of operation at any time.
Each Portfolio effects creations and redemptions only to and from broker-dealers and large institutional investors that have entered into authorized participant agreements, as described further below. Each Portfolio may issue and redeem Creation Units of its ETF Class shares in exchange for a designated basket of portfolio investments (including any portion of such investments for which cash may be substituted), together with an amount of cash and any applicable fees, as described below, or ETF Class shares may be offered and redeemed partially or solely for cash. For each Portfolio, the Fund reserves the right to permit or require that creations and redemptions of ETF Class shares be effected entirely in cash, in-kind or a combination thereof.
To the extent the Portfolios engage in in-kind transactions, the Portfolios intend to comply with the U.S. federal securities laws in accepting securities for deposit and satisfying redemptions with redemption securities by, among other means, assuring that any securities accepted for deposit and any securities used to satisfy redemption requests will be sold in transactions that would be exempt from registration under the 1933 Act. Further, an Authorized Participant (as defined below under "Procedures for Creation of Creation Units") that is not a "qualified institutional buyer," as such term is defined under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act, will not be able to receive securities that are restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.
The Portfolios may utilize custom creation or redemption baskets consistent with Rule 6c-11. Custom orders may be required to be received by the Transfer Agent by 3:00 p.m., Eastern Time, to be effectuated based on the Portfolio's NAV on that Business Day. A custom order may be placed when, for example, an Authorized Participant cannot transact in an instrument in the in-kind creation or redemption basket and therefore has additional cash included in lieu of such instrument. The Fund has adopted policies and procedures that govern the construction and acceptance of baskets, including heightened requirements for certain types of custom baskets. These policies and procedures provide detailed parameters for the construction and acceptance of custom baskets that are in the best interests of a Portfolio and its shareholders, including the process for any revisions to, or deviations from, those
46
parameters, and specify the titles or roles of the employees of the Advisor who are required to review each custom basket for compliance with the parameters.
Persons placing or effectuating custom orders should be mindful of time deadlines imposed by intermediaries, which may impact the successful processing of such orders.
Creations
Deposit of Investments/Delivery of Cash. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Portfolio generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of investments (including cash in lieu of any portion of such investments) determined by the Portfolio ("Deposit Securities") and a specified amount of cash (the "Cash Component"), computed as described below, together with applicable creation transaction fees (as described below). Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the "Fund Deposit," applicable to creation requests received in proper form, subject to amendment or correction as described below.
The Cash Component, also commonly referred to as the balancing amount, is an amount equal to the difference between (i) the NAV of the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio (per Creation Unit); and (ii) the "Deposit Amount," which is the amount equal to the market value of the Deposit Securities and/or cash in lieu of all or a portion of the Deposit Securities. The Cash Component serves the function of compensating for any differences between the NAV per Creation Unit and the Deposit Amount. If the Cash Component is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the Deposit Amount), the Authorized Participant will deliver the Cash Component. If the Cash Component is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the Deposit Amount), the Authorized Participant will receive the Cash Component. With respect to certain purchases, the Fund may require a specified cash collateral amount be added to the required Cash Component. Payment of any tax, stamp duty or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant purchasing the Creation Unit.
Creation Units may also be sold partially or solely for cash. When partial or full cash purchases of Creation Units are available or specified for a Portfolio, such purchases will be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases of Creation Units. In the case of a partial or full cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would have otherwise delivered in an in-kind purchase, in addition to the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser. In addition, to offset brokerage and other costs associated with using cash to purchase the requisite Deposit Securities, the Authorized Participant must pay the Transaction Fees required by each Portfolio. If the Authorized Participant acts as a broker for the Portfolio in connection with the purchase of Deposit Securities, the Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain brokerage commissions, taxes, and transaction and market impact costs. Notwithstanding the above, a Portfolio may determine not to charge a Transaction Fee or other costs associated with such purchases with cash when the Advisor has determined that doing so is in the best interest of Portfolio shareholders, This may occur in instances when a cash Creation Unit is accepted to facilitate the rebalance of the Portfolio's portfolio holdings in a more tax efficient manner than could be achieved without such order, even if the decision to not charge such fees and expenses could be viewed as benefiting the Authorized Participant or its affiliate selected to execute the Portfolio's portfolio transactions in connection with such orders.
The Custodian, through the National Securities Clearing Corporation ("NSCC"), makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time), the list of the names and the required quantities of each Deposit Security and the amount of the Cash Component to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day and subject to possible amendment or correction) for the Portfolios.
The Portfolios reserve the right to accept a nonconforming (i.e., custom) Fund Deposit. In addition, the composition of the Fund Deposit may change as, among other things, corporate actions, investment rebalancing, and investment decisions by the Advisor are implemented for a Portfolio. The composition of the Fund Deposit may also change in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities constituting a Portfolio's investment portfolio. All questions as to the composition of the in-kind creation basket to be included in the Fund Deposit and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any instrument shall be determined by the Fund, and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding.
47
Procedures for Creation of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor to create a Creation Unit of a Portfolio, an entity must be (i) a "Participating Party," i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the "Clearing Process"); or (ii) a DTC Participant (see "Book Entry Only System"), and, in each case, must have executed an authorized participant agreement with the Distributor with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units ("Participant Agreement") (discussed further below). A Participating Party and DTC Participant are collectively referred to as "Authorized Participants." Investors should contact the Distributor for a list of current Authorized Participants. All ETF Class shares of the Portfolios, however created, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of Cede & Co. for the account of a DTC Participant.
Placement of Creation Orders. All orders to create Creation Units must be placed for one or more Creation Unit sized aggregations of a specified number of ETF Class shares. All standard orders to create Creation Units, whether through the Clearing Process (through a Participating Party) or outside the Clearing Process (through a DTC Participant), must be received by the Transfer Agent no later than the order cut-off time designated by the Fund ("Closing Time") on the date such order is placed in order for the creation of Creation Units to be effected based on the NAV of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio as next determined on such date after receipt of the order in proper form. With certain exceptions, the Closing Time for a Portfolio usually is the closing time of the regular trading session on the Exchange-i.e., ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time. Subject to the provisions of the applicable Participant Agreement, in the case of custom orders, the order must generally be received by the Transfer Agent no later than 3:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the date such order is placed. The date on which an order to create Creation Units (or an order to redeem Creation Units as discussed below) is placed is referred to as the "Transmittal Date." Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor and the Transfer Agent as described below in this SAI and pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement. Severe economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication systems failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor, Transfer Agent or Authorized Participant.
Investors other than Authorized Participants are responsible for making arrangements for a creation request to be made through an Authorized Participant. Orders to create Creation Units of a Portfolio shall be placed with an Authorized Participant, as applicable, in the form required by such Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant must make available on or before the prescribed settlement date, by means satisfactory to a Portfolio, immediately available or same day funds estimated by the Portfolio to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component next determined after acceptance of the purchase order, together with the applicable purchase transaction fees. Those placing orders should ascertain the applicable deadline for cash transfers by contacting the operations department of the broker or depositary institution effectuating the transfer of the Cash Component. In addition, the Authorized Participant may request the investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, i.e., to provide for payments of cash, when required. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and, therefore, orders to create Creation Units of a Portfolio have to be placed by the investor's broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. At any given time there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement. Those placing orders for Creation Units through the Clearing Process should afford sufficient time to permit proper submission of the order to the Transfer Agent prior to the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date.
Orders for creation that are effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the DTC Participant earlier on the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the broker or depository institution effecting such transfer of the Fund Deposit.
An order to create Creation Units is deemed received on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date and (ii) all other procedures with respect to creation orders are properly followed. The delivery of Creation Units so created will generally occur no later than the first Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Transfer Agent ("T+1"). However, the Fund reserves the right to settle Creation Unit transactions on a basis other than T+1 if necessary or appropriate under the circumstances.
48
If any portion of the Cash Component and the Deposit Securities or any additional cash collateral amount specified by the Fund are not received, or do not otherwise remain in proper form as determined by the Fund through the applicable deadline specified by the Transfer Agent on the prescribed settlement date, the creation order may be rejected, revoked or canceled. Upon written notice to the Transfer Agent, such rejected, revoked or cancelled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a newly constituted Fund Deposit as specified by the Portfolio.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Units. Subject to the conditions that (i) an irrevocable purchase order has been submitted by the Authorized Participant (either on its own or another investor's behalf) and (ii) arrangements satisfactory to a Portfolio are in place for the delivery of Deposit Securities and payment of the Cash Component and any other cash amounts which may be due, the Portfolio will accept the order, subject to the Portfolio's right (and the right of the Distributor and the Transfer Agent) to reject, revoke or otherwise cancel such order as described in this SAI or in the applicable Participant Agreement.
Once an order has been accepted, a Portfolio will confirm the Creation Unit will be issued at a value equaled to the next determined NAV of the Portfolio's ETF Class shares. The Transfer Agent will then transmit a confirmation of acceptance to the Authorized Participant that placed the order.
A Portfolio reserves the right (to the extent consistent with the provisions of Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act and the SEC's positions thereunder) to reject or revoke a creation order for any reason, including if: (a) the order is not in proper form; (b) the Deposit Securities delivered do not conform to the identity and number of shares specified, as described above; (c) the investor(s), upon obtaining the ETF Class shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding ETF Class shares of the Portfolio; (d) the acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; or (e) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Portfolio, the Distributor, the Transfer Agent or the Advisor make it for all practical purposes impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God or public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Portfolio, Advisor, the Distributor, Transfer Agent, DTC, NSCC or any other participant in the creation process, and similar extraordinary events. The Transfer Agent shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of the rejection of the order of such person. The Portfolios, Custodian, sub-custodian, the Distributor and the Transfer Agent are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for failure to give such notification.
Issuance of Creation Units. Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will generally not be issued until the transfer of good title to the applicable Portfolio of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component and applicable creation transaction fees have been completed. Prior to the settlement of all Deposit Securities and the payment of all cash and fees that may be due in connection with an order, such order may be rejected, revoked or canceled as described in this SAI or the applicable Participant Agreement. When the Custodian or applicable sub-custodian has confirmed that the securities included in the Fund Deposit (or the cash value thereof) have been delivered to the account of the Custodian or relevant sub-custodian(s), the Transfer Agent and the Advisor shall be notified of such delivery and the applicable Portfolio will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit.
A Portfolio may issue Creation Units to such Authorized Participant, notwithstanding the fact that the corresponding Fund Deposits have not been received in part or in whole, in reliance on the undertaking of the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing Deposit Securities as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by such Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral having a value at least equal to 105%, and up to 115%, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities, which percentage the Advisor may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing Deposit Securities. The Fund may use such cash deposit at any time to buy Deposit Securities for the Portfolio. The only collateral that is acceptable to a Portfolio is cash in U.S. dollars. Such cash collateral generally must be delivered no later than 2 p.m., Eastern Time, on the next Business Day after the Transmittal Date or such other time as designated by the Custodian. The Portfolio may buy the missing Deposit Securities at any time, and the Authorized Participant will be subject to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Portfolio of purchasing such securities and the value of the cash collateral including, without limitation, liability for related brokerage, borrowings and other charges.
49
In certain cases, Authorized Participants may create and redeem Creation Units on the same trade date and in these instances, a Portfolio reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis or require a representation from the Authorized Participants that the creation and redemption transactions are for separate beneficial owners. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Portfolio and the Portfolio's determination shall be final and binding.
Creation Transaction Fee. A standard creation transaction fee is imposed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The standard creation transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant creates a Creation Unit, and is the same, regardless of the number of Creation Units purchased by the Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. From time to time and for such periods as the Advisor may deem appropriate, the Advisor may increase, decrease or otherwise modify the creation transaction fee to an amount that, in its judgment, is necessary or appropriate to recoup for a Portfolio the costs it may incur as a result of such purchases, or to otherwise eliminate or reduce so far as practicable any dilution of the value of the ETF Class shares. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Deposit Securities to a Portfolio. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to acquire a Portfolio's ETF Class shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Portfolio's standard creation transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
|
Portfolio |
Standard Creation Transaction Fee |
Maximum Additional Charge for Creations* |
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
$500 |
3% |
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$600 |
3% |
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
$400 |
3% |
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
$600 |
3% |
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
$800 |
3% |
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
$800 |
3% |
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
$800 |
3% |
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
$600 |
3% |
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
$600 |
3% |
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
$200 |
3% |
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
$100 |
3% |
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
$200 |
3% |
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
$400 |
3% |
* As a percentage of the NAV per Creation Unit.
If a purchase consists of a cash portion and the Portfolio places a brokerage transaction to purchase securities with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer, the Authorized Participant (or its affiliated broker-dealer) may be required, in its capacity as broker-dealer with respect to that transaction, to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, and price movement costs through a Price Guarantee or Variable fee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Redemptions
Redemption of Creation Units. ETF Class shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. The Portfolios will not redeem ETF Class shares in amounts less than Creation Units. Beneficial owners must
50
accumulate enough ETF Class shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit in order to have such ETF Class shares redeemed by a Portfolio. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of ETF Class shares of a Portfolio to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit.
When in-kind redemptions are available or specified for a Portfolio, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit generally consist of a designated portfolio of investments including cash in lieu of all or a portion of such investments ("Fund Instruments") plus or minus the Cash Component, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, together with the applicable redemption transaction fees (as described below) and, if applicable, any operational processing and brokerage costs, transfer fees or stamp taxes. The Fund Instruments together with the Cash Component comprise the "Fund Redemption." The Cash Component, also commonly referred to as the balancing amount, included in the Fund Redemption is a compensating cash payment equal to the difference, if any, between (i) the NAV attributable to a Creation Unit and (ii) the aggregate market value of the Fund Instruments (i.e., securities or other instruments in the in-kind redemption basket) and/or the cash in-lieu of all or a portion of the Fund Instruments. In the event that the Fund Instruments and the cash in lieu have a value greater than the NAV of the Portfolio's ETF Class shares, the Cash Component is required to be paid by the redeeming shareholder. If the NAV attributable to a Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Fund Instruments and the cash in-lieu amount, if any, the Portfolio pays the Cash Component to the redeeming shareholder.
Creation Units may also be redeemed partially or solely for cash. A Portfolio may pay out the proceeds of redemptions of Creation Unit solely in cash or through any combination of cash or securities. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Portfolio may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its ETF Class shares based on the NAV of the ETF Class shares of the Portfolio next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus applicable redemption transaction fees and an additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified below, to offset the brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Instruments). Proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming ETF Class shares on behalf of the redeeming investor as soon as practicable after the date of redemption. If the Authorized Participant acts as a broker for the Portfolio in connection with the sale of Fund Instruments, the Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain brokerage commissions, taxes, and transaction and market impact costs.
The Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern Time) on each Business Day, the identity of the Fund Instruments and Cash Component that will be applicable (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day and subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form on that day. Fund Instruments received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Units.
The Portfolios reserve the right to deliver a nonconforming (i.e., custom) Fund Redemption. All questions as to the composition of the in-kind redemption basket to be included in the Fund Redemption shall be determined by the Fund, in accordance with applicable law, and the Fund's determination shall be final and binding. The Portfolios reserve the right to make redemption payments in cash, in-kind or a combination of each.
Deliveries of Fund Redemptions will generally be made within one Business Day ("T+1"). However, the Portfolios reserve the right to settle redemption transactions on a basis other than T+1 if necessary or appropriate under the circumstances and consistent with applicable law. Delayed settlement may occur due to a number of different reasons, including, without limitation, settlement cycles for the underlying securities, unscheduled market closings, an effort to link distribution to dividend record dates and ex-dates and newly announced holidays.
Because the portfolio securities of a Portfolio may trade on exchange(s) on days that the Exchange is closed or are otherwise not Business Days for the Portfolio, investors may not be able purchase or sell shares of the Portfolio on the Exchange on days when the NAV of the Portfolio could be significantly affected by events in the relevant non-U.S. markets. The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed (i) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency
51
exists as a result of which disposal of the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio or determination of a Portfolio's NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstances as is permitted by the SEC.
If an Authorized Participant has submitted a redemption request in proper form but is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to a Portfolio, at or prior to 2 p.m., Eastern Time on the prescribed settlement date, the Transfer Agent may accept the redemption request in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing ETF Class shares as soon as possible. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant's delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash, in U.S. dollars in immediately available funds, having a value at least equal to 105%, and up to 115%, of the value of the missing ETF Class shares, which percentage the Fund may change at any time, in its sole discretion, of the value of the missing ETF Class shares. Such cash collateral must be delivered no later than 2 p.m., Eastern Time, on the prescribed settlement date and shall be held by the Custodian and marked-to-market daily. The fees of the Custodian and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The Portfolio may purchase missing ETF Class shares of a Portfolio or acquire the Fund Instruments and the Cash Component underlying such ETF Class shares, and the Authorized Participant will be subject to liability for any shortfall between the cost of the Portfolio acquiring such ETF Class shares, the Fund Instruments or Cash Component and the value of the cash collateral including, without limitation, liability for related brokerage and other charges.
Placement of Redemption Orders. Investors other than Authorized Participants are responsible for making arrangements for an order to redeem to be made through an Authorized Participant. An order to redeem Creation Units is deemed received by the Fund on the Transmittal Date if: (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date; and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement and this Statement of Additional Information are properly followed. If the Transfer Agent does not receive the ETF Class shares through DTC by 2 p.m., Eastern Time, on the prescribed settlement date, the redemption request may be deemed rejected. Investors should be aware that the deadline for the transfers of shares through the DTC may be significantly earlier than the close of business on the Exchange.
An order to redeem Creation Units made in proper form but received by the Fund after the Closing Time, will be deemed received on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date and will be effected at the NAV next determined on such next Business Day. On days when the Exchange closes earlier than normal, orders to redeem Creation Units may need to be placed earlier in the day.
Redemption Transaction Fee. A standard redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by a Portfolio. The standard redemption transaction fee is charged to the Authorized Participant on the day such Authorized Participant redeems a Creation Unit, and is the same regardless of the number of Creation Units redeemed by an Authorized Participant on the applicable Business Day. From time to time and for such periods as the Advisor may deem appropriate, the Advisor may increase, decrease or otherwise modify the redemption transaction fee to an amount that, in its judgment, is necessary or appropriate to recoup for the Portfolio the costs it may incur as a result of such redemption, or to otherwise eliminate or reduce so far as practicable any dilution of the value of the ETF Class shares. The Authorized Participant may also be required to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, market impact and other costs and expenses related to the execution of trades resulting from such transaction (up to the maximum amount shown below). Authorized Participants will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Instruments from a Portfolio to their account on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other financial intermediary to dispose of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares may be charged a fee for such services.
The following table sets forth each Portfolio's standard redemption transaction fees and maximum additional charge (as described above):
|
Portfolio |
Standard Redemption Transaction Fee |
Maximum Additional Charge for Redemptions* |
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
$500 |
2% |
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$600 |
2% |
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
$400 |
2% |
52
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
$600 |
2% |
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
$800 |
2% |
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
$800 |
2% |
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
$800 |
2% |
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
$600 |
2% |
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
$600 |
2% |
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
$200 |
2% |
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
$100 |
2% |
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
$200 |
2% |
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
$400 |
2% |
* As a percentage of the NAV per Creation Unit, inclusive of the standard redemption transaction fee.
If a redemption consists of a cash portion and a Portfolio places a brokerage transaction to sell securities with the Authorized Participant or its affiliated broker-dealer, the Authorized Participant (or its affiliated broker-dealer) may be required, in its capacity as broker-dealer with respect to that transaction, to cover certain brokerage, tax, foreign exchange, execution, and price movement costs through a Price Guarantee or Variable fee, as described in the Brokerage Transactions section of this SAI.
Conversions
A shareholder holding Institutional Class shares of a Portfolio may convert those shares to ETF Class shares issued by the same Portfolio to the extent supported by the shareholder's financial intermediary. Shareholders should contact their financial intermediary to determine the eligibility of their account for such a conversion. ETF Class shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to Institutional Class shares of the Portfolio or exchanged for ETF Class shares of another Portfolio.
In contrast to the Institutional Class shares, however, ETF Class shares must be held in a brokerage account. Accordingly, shareholders that hold Institutional Class shares in an account directly with a Portfolio through its transfer agent, or in a brokerage account that only allows the shareholder to hold mutual fund shares, will need to independently designate an eligible brokerage account for holding the ETF Class shares prior to a conversion. Shareholders that hold Institutional Class shares in a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Class shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper regarding eligibility.
A conversion from Institutional Class shares to ETF Class shares of a Portfolio will be processed at the relative NAVs of the respective share classes at the time of conversion. Since Depository Trust Company (DTC) (or its nominee) serves as the record owner of, and holds legal title to, the ETF Class shares of a Portfolio and does not support the distribution and transfer of fractional shares, a shareholder may be unable to convert a small portion of their Institutional Class shares into ETF Class shares.
For example, if a shareholder's Institutional Class shares were equal to 15.25 ETF Class shares based on the relative NAVs of the classes, DTC's system would only account for the transfer of 15 whole ETF Class shares. If a shareholder's financial intermediary does not accommodate the ownership of fractional shares of ETFs (e.g., while DTC's systems do not allow for the distribution and transfer of fractional shares of ETFs, a financial intermediary may acquire whole shares of an ETF and allocate fractional shares of such ETF to its clients that are recorded on the intermediary's books), a shareholder would be required to redeem the portion of their Institutional Class shares investment equal to 0.25 fractional ETF Class shares. Albeit small, such redemption would be a taxable event. Shareholders will not otherwise recognize a taxable gain (or loss) on the conversion of Institutional Class shares of a Portfolio into ETF Class shares.
Shareholders should contact their financial intermediary to determine whether a conversion or the redemption of fractional shares may be subject to fees and expenses. The Portfolios do not impose a transaction fee
53
on conversions but reserve the right to change such policy or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege in the future.
Investors owning Institutional Class shares in an account directly with a Portfolio through its transfer agent should first contact the Portfolio's transfer agent at (888) 576-1167 to notify the transfer agent of the proposed conversion and then send a letter of instruction to the transfer agent by an approved method. Shareholders that invest in a Portfolio through a financial intermediary should contact their financial intermediary for information regarding conversions. The length of the conversion process will depend on a shareholder's financial intermediary, but may take several days from the date of the request. Shareholders will remain fully invested in their Institutional Class shares until the conversion process is complete.
A blackout period for conversions into ETF Class shares may be imposed by a Portfolio around the dates the Portfolio declares dividends. This may be necessary to accommodate the operational requirements of certain financial intermediaries.
TAXATION OF THE PORTFOLIOS AND THEIR SHAREHOLDERS
The following is a summary of some of the federal income tax consequences of investing in a Portfolio (sometimes referred to as "the Portfolio"). Unless you are invested in the Portfolio through a qualified retirement plan, you should consider the tax implications of investing and consult your own tax advisor. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Portfolio or its shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
This "TAXATION OF THE PORTFOLIOS AND THEIR SHAREHOLDERS" section is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and applicable regulations in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative, regulatory or administrative changes, including provisions of current law that sunset and thereafter no longer apply, or court decisions may significantly change the tax rules applicable to the Portfolio and its shareholders. Any of these changes or court decisions may have a retroactive effect.
This is for general information only and not tax advice and does not purport to deal with all federal tax consequences applicable to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Portfolio.
Taxation of the Portfolio
The Portfolio has elected and intends to qualify (or, if newly organized, intends to elect and qualify) each year as a regulated investment company (sometimes referred to as a "regulated investment company," "RIC" or "portfolio") under Subchapter M of the Code. If the Portfolio qualifies, the Portfolio will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of its investment company taxable income (that is, generally, taxable interest, dividends, net short-term capital gains, and other taxable ordinary income, net of expenses, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) that it distributes.
Qualification as a regulated investment company. In order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, the Portfolio must satisfy the following requirements:
• Distribution Requirement the Portfolio must distribute an amount equal to the sum of at least 90% of its investment company taxable income and 90% of its net tax-exempt income, if any, for the tax year (including, for purposes of satisfying this distribution requirement, certain distributions made by the Portfolio after the close of its taxable year that are treated as made during such taxable year).
• Income Requirement the Portfolio must derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options,
54
futures or forward contracts) derived from its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from qualified publicly traded partnerships ("QPTPs").
• Asset Diversification Test  the Portfolio must satisfy the following asset diversification test at the close of each quarter of the Portfolio's tax year: (1) at least 50% of the value of the Portfolio's assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers (as to which the Portfolio has not invested more than 5% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets in securities of an issuer and as to which the Portfolio does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer); and (2) no more than 25% of the value of the Portfolio's total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated investment companies) or of two or more issuers which the Portfolio controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or, collectively, in the securities of one or more QPTPs.
In some circumstances, the character and timing of income realized by the Portfolio for purposes of the Income Requirement or the identification of the issuer for purposes of the Asset Diversification Test is uncertain under current law with respect to a particular investment, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to such type of investment may adversely affect the Portfolio's ability to satisfy these requirements. See "Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions" below with respect to the application of these requirements to certain types of investments. In other circumstances, the Portfolio may be required to sell portfolio holdings in order to meet the Income Requirement, Distribution Requirement, or Asset Diversification Test which may have a negative impact on the Portfolio's income and performance.
The Portfolio may use "equalization accounting" (in lieu of making some cash distributions) in determining the portion of its income and gains that has been distributed. If the Portfolio uses equalization accounting, it will allocate a portion of its undistributed investment company taxable income and net capital gain to redemptions of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares and will correspondingly reduce the amount of such income and gains that it distributes in cash. If the IRS determines that the Portfolio's allocation is improper and that the Portfolio has under-distributed its income and gain for any taxable year, the Portfolio may be liable for federal income and/or excise tax. If, as a result of such adjustment, the Portfolio fails to satisfy the Distribution Requirement, the Portfolio will not qualify that year as a regulated investment company, the effect of which is described in the following paragraph.
If for any taxable year the Portfolio does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at the corporate income tax rate without any deduction for dividends paid, and the dividends would be taxable to the shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the Portfolio's current and accumulated earnings and profits. Failure to qualify as a regulated investment company would thus have a negative impact on the Portfolio's income and performance. Subject to savings provisions for certain inadvertent failures to satisfy the Income Requirement or Asset Diversification Test which, in general, are limited to those due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, it is possible that the Portfolio will not qualify as a regulated investment company in any given tax year. Even if such savings provisions apply, the Portfolio may be subject to a monetary sanction of $50,000 or more. Moreover, the Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Portfolio as a regulated investment company if it determines such a course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.
Portfolio turnover. For investors that hold their ETF Class shares in a taxable account, a high portfolio turnover rate may result in higher taxes. This is because a portfolio with a high turnover rate is likely to accelerate the recognition of capital gains and more of such gains are likely to be taxable as short-term rather than long-term capital gains in contrast to a comparable portfolio with a low turnover rate. Any such higher taxes would reduce the Portfolio's after-tax performance. See "Taxation of Portfolio Distributions - Distributions of capital gains" below. For non-U.S. investors, any such acceleration of the recognition of capital gains that results in more short-term and less long-term capital gains being recognized by the Portfolio may cause such investors to be subject to increased U.S. withholding taxes. See "Non-U.S. Investors - Capital gain dividends and short-term capital gain dividends" below.
Capital loss carryovers. The capital losses of the Portfolio, if any, do not flow through to shareholders. Rather, the Portfolio may use its capital losses, subject to applicable limitations, to offset its capital gains without
55
being required to pay taxes on or distribute such gains that are offset by the losses. If the Portfolio has a "net capital loss" (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains), the excess (if any) of the Portfolio's net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Portfolio's next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Portfolio's net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Portfolio's next taxable year. Any such net capital losses of the Portfolio that are not used to offset capital gains may be carried forward indefinitely to reduce any future capital gains realized by the Portfolio in succeeding taxable years. The amount of capital losses that can be carried forward and used in any single year is subject to an annual limitation if there is a more than 50% "change in ownership" of the Portfolio. An ownership change generally results when shareholders owning 5% or more of the Portfolio increase their aggregate holdings by more than 50% over a three-year look-back period. An ownership change could result in capital loss carryovers being used at a slower rate, thereby reducing the Portfolio's ability to offset capital gains with those losses. An increase in the amount of taxable gains distributed to the Portfolio's shareholders could result from an ownership change. The Portfolio undertakes no obligation to avoid or prevent an ownership change, which can occur in the normal course of shareholder purchases and sales or as a result of engaging in a tax-free reorganization with another portfolio. Moreover, because of circumstances beyond the Portfolio's control, there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will not experience, or has not already experienced, an ownership change.
Deferral of late year losses. The Portfolio may elect to treat part or all of any "qualified late year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Portfolio's taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such "qualified late year loss" as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Portfolio distributions for any calendar year (see "Taxation of Portfolio Distributions - Distributions of capital gains" below). A "qualified late year loss" includes:
• any net capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, or, if there is no such loss, any net long-term capital loss or any net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year ("post-October capital losses"), and
• the sum of (1) the excess, if any, of (a) specified losses incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year, over (b) specified gains incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year and (2) the excess, if any, of (a) ordinary losses incurred after December 31 of the current taxable year, over (b) the ordinary income incurred after December 31 of the current taxable year.
The terms "specified losses" and "specified gains" mean ordinary losses and gains from the sale, exchange, or other disposition of property (including the termination of a position with respect to such property), foreign currency losses and gains, and losses and gains resulting from holding stock in a passive foreign investment company ("PFIC") for which a mark-to-market election is in effect. The terms "ordinary losses" and "ordinary income" mean other ordinary losses and income that are not described in the preceding sentence. Since the Portfolio has a fiscal year ending in October, the amount of qualified late-year losses (if any) is computed without regard to any items of income, gain, or loss that are (a) post-October capital losses, (b) specified losses, and (c) specified gains.
Undistributed capital gains. The Portfolio may retain or distribute its net capital gain for each taxable year. The Portfolio currently intends to distribute net capital gains. If the Portfolio elects to retain its net capital gain, the Portfolio will be taxed thereon (except to the extent of any available capital loss carryovers) at the corporate income tax rate. If the Portfolio elects to retain its net capital gain, it is expected that the Portfolio also will elect to have shareholders treated as if each received a distribution of its pro rata share of such gain, with the result that each shareholder will be required to report its pro rata share of such gain on its tax return as long-term capital gain, will receive a refundable tax credit for its pro rata share of tax paid by the Portfolio on the gain, and will increase the tax basis for its shares by an amount equal to the deemed distribution less the tax credit.
Excise tax distribution requirements. To avoid a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax, the Portfolio must distribute by December 31 of each year an amount equal to at least: (1) 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of capital gain net income (that is, the excess of the gains from sales or exchanges of capital assets over the losses from such sales or exchanges) for the one-year period ended on October 31 of such calendar year,
56
and (3) any prior year undistributed ordinary income and capital gain net income. The Portfolio may elect to defer to the following year any net ordinary loss incurred for the portion of the calendar year which is after the beginning of the Portfolio's taxable year. Also, the Portfolio will defer any "specified gain" or "specified loss" which would be properly taken into account for the portion of the calendar year after October 31. Any net ordinary loss, specified gain, or specified loss deferred shall be treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year. Generally, the Portfolio intends to make sufficient distributions prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid any material liability for federal income and excise tax, but can give no assurances that all or a portion of such liability will be avoided. In addition, under certain circumstances, temporary timing or permanent differences in the realization of income and expense for book and tax purposes can result in the Portfolio having to pay an excise tax.
Foreign income tax. Investment income received by the Portfolio from sources within foreign countries may be subject to foreign income tax withheld at the source and the amount of tax withheld generally will be treated as an expense of the Portfolio. Any foreign withholding taxes could reduce the Portfolio's distributions. The United States has entered into tax treaties with many foreign countries which entitle the Portfolio to a reduced rate of, or exemption from, tax on such income. Some countries require the filing of a tax reclaim or other forms to receive the benefit of the reduced tax rate; whether or when the Portfolio will receive the tax reclaim is within the control of the individual country. Information required on these forms may not be available such as shareholder information; therefore, the Portfolio may not receive the reduced treaty rates or potential reclaims. Other countries have conflicting and changing instructions and restrictive timing requirements which may cause the Portfolio not to receive the reduced treaty rates or potential reclaims. Other countries may subject capital gains realized by the Portfolio on sale or disposition of securities of that country to taxation. It is impossible to determine the effective rate of foreign tax in advance since the amount of the Portfolio's assets to be invested in various countries is not known. Under certain circumstances, the Portfolio may elect to pass-through foreign tax credits, although it reserves the right not to do so. In some instances it may be more costly to pursue tax reclaims than the value of the benefits received by the Portfolio. If the Portfolio makes such an election and obtains a refund of foreign taxes paid by the Portfolio in a prior year, the Portfolio may be eligible to reduce the amount of foreign taxes reported by the Portfolio to its shareholders, generally by the amount of the foreign taxes refunded, for the year in which the refund is received. See "Taxation of Portfolio Distributions - Pass-through of foreign tax credits" below.
Purchase of shares. As a result of tax requirements, the Fund on behalf of the Portfolio's ETF Class shares has the right to reject an order to purchase shares if the purchaser (or group of purchasers acting in concert with each other) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding ETF Class shares of the Portfolio and if, pursuant to Sections 351 and 362 of the Code, the Portfolio would have a basis in the deposit securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Fund also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.
Taxation of Portfolio Distributions
Distributions of net investment income. The Portfolio receives ordinary income generally in the form of dividends and/or interest on its investments. The Portfolio may also recognize ordinary income from other sources, including, but not limited to, certain gains on foreign currency-related transactions. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Portfolio, constitutes the Portfolio's net investment income from which dividends may be paid. If you are a taxable investor, distributions of net investment income generally are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Portfolio's earnings and profits. In the case of a Portfolio whose strategy includes investing in stocks of corporations, a portion of the income dividends paid by the Portfolio may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed at reduced rates.
Distributions of capital gains. The Portfolio may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Distributions derived from the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss will be taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions from the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss will be taxable to you as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long you have held your shares in the Portfolio. Any net capital gain of the Portfolio generally will be distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, to reduce or eliminate federal excise or income taxes on the Portfolio.
57
Returns of capital. Distributions by the Portfolio that are not paid from earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of (and in reduction of) the shareholder's tax basis in his shares; any excess will be treated as gain from the sale of his shares. Thus, the portion of a distribution that constitutes a return of capital will decrease the shareholder's tax basis in his Portfolio shares (but not below zero), and will result in an increase in the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the shareholder for tax purposes on the later sale of such Portfolio shares. Return of capital distributions can occur for a number of reasons including, among others, the Portfolio over-estimates the income to be received from certain investments such as those classified as partnerships or equity real estate investment trusts ("REITs").(see "Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions - Investments in U.S. REITs" below).
Qualified dividend income for individuals. Amounts reported by the Portfolio as derived from qualified dividend income will be taxed in the hands of individuals and other noncorporate shareholders at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. "Qualified dividend income" means dividends paid to the Portfolio (a) by domestic corporations, (b) by foreign corporations that are either (i) incorporated in a possession of the United States, or (ii) are eligible for benefits under certain income tax treaties with the United States that include an exchange of information program, or (c) with respect to stock of a foreign corporation that is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Both the Portfolio and the investor must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Portfolio dividends for this treatment. Specifically, the Portfolio must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, investors must hold their Portfolio shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Portfolio distribution goes ex-dividend. Income derived from investments in derivatives, fixed-income securities, U.S. REITs, PFICs, and income received "in lieu of" dividends in a securities lending transaction generally is not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.
Dividends-received deduction for corporations. For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Portfolio may qualify for the 50% corporate dividends-received deduction. The portion of dividends paid by the Portfolio that so qualifies will be reported by the Portfolio each year and cannot exceed the gross amount of dividends received by the Portfolio from domestic (U.S.) corporations. The availability of the dividends-received deduction is subject to certain holding period and debt financing restrictions that apply to both the Portfolio and the investor. Specifically, the amount that the Portfolio may report as eligible for the dividends-received deduction will be reduced or eliminated if the shares on which the dividends earned by the Portfolio were debt-financed or held by the Portfolio for less than a minimum period of time, generally 46 days during a 91-day period beginning 45 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, if your ETF Class shares are debt-financed or held by you for less than a 46-day period then the dividends-received deduction for Portfolio dividends on your shares may also be reduced or eliminated. Income derived by the Portfolio from investments in derivatives, fixed-income and foreign securities generally is not eligible for this treatment.
Qualified REIT dividends. Under 2017 legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act "qualified REIT dividends" (i.e., ordinary REIT dividends other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income) are treated as eligible for a 20% deduction by noncorporate taxpayers. This deduction, if allowed in full, equates to a maximum effective tax rate of 29.6% (37% top rate applied to income after 20% deduction). A Portfolio may choose to report the special character of "qualified REIT dividends" provided both the Portfolio and the shareholder meet certain holding period requirements. The amount of a RIC's dividends eligible for the 20% deduction for a taxable year is limited to the excess of the RIC's qualified REIT dividends for the taxable year over allocable expenses. A noncorporate shareholder receiving such dividends would treat them as eligible for the 20% deduction, provided the shareholder meets certain holding period requirements for its shares in the RIC (i.e., generally, ETF Class shares must be held by the shareholder for more than 45 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date on which the shares become ex-dividend with respect to such dividend).
Impact of realized but undistributed income and gains, and net unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities. At the time of your purchase of shares, the Portfolio's NAV may reflect undistributed income, undistributed capital gains, or net unrealized appreciation of portfolio securities held by the Portfolio. A subsequent distribution of such amounts, although constituting a return of your investment, would be taxable, and would be taxed as ordinary income (some portion of which may be taxed as qualified dividend income), capital gains, or some combination of both, unless you are investing through a tax-advantaged arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an
58
individual retirement account. The Portfolio may be able to reduce the amount of such distributions from capital gains by utilizing its capital loss carryovers, if any.
Pass-through of foreign tax credits. If at the end of the fiscal year, more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Portfolio are invested in securities of foreign corporations, the Portfolio may elect to pass through to its shareholders their pro rata share of foreign income taxes paid by the Portfolio. If this election is made, the Portfolio may report more taxable income to you than it actually distributes. You will then be entitled either to deduct your share of these taxes in computing your taxable income or to claim a foreign tax credit for these taxes against your U.S. federal income tax (subject to limitations for certain shareholders). The Portfolio will provide the information necessary to claim this deduction or credit if it makes this election. No deduction for foreign tax may be claimed by a noncorporate shareholder who does not itemize deductions or who is subject to the alternative minimum tax. The Portfolio reserves the right not to pass through the amount of foreign income taxes paid by the Portfolio. Additionally, any foreign tax withheld on payments made "in lieu of" dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits. See "Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions - Securities lending" below.
U.S. Government securities. To the extent the Portfolio invests in certain U.S. Government obligations, dividends paid by the Portfolio that are derived from interest on these obligations should be exempt from state and local personal income taxes, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Portfolio. The income on portfolio investments in certain securities, such as repurchase agreements, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") or Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA") securities), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporate shareholders.
Information on the amount and tax character of distributions. You will be informed of the amount and character of distributions and the tax status of such distributions for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. If you have not held a Portfolio's ETF Class shares for a full year, the Portfolio may report and distribute, as ordinary income, qualified dividends, or capital gains, and in the case of non-U.S. shareholders the Portfolio may further report and distribute as interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends, a percentage of income that is not equal to the actual amount of such income earned during the period of your investment in the Portfolio. Taxable distributions declared by the Portfolio in October, November, or December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable as if they were paid in December.
Medicare tax. A 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on net investment income earned by certain individuals, estates and trusts. "Net investment income," for these purposes, means investment income, including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from the Portfolio and net gains from taxable dispositions of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares, reduced by the deductions properly allocable to such income. In the case of an individual, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (1) the shareholder's net investment income or (2) the amount by which the shareholder's modified adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 (if the shareholder is married and filing jointly or a surviving spouse), $125,000 (if the shareholder is married and filing separately) or $200,000 (in any other case). This Medicare tax, if applicable, is reported by you on, and paid with, your federal income tax return.
Sales and Exchanges of Portfolio ETF Class Shares
In general. If you are a taxable investor, sales and exchanges of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you sell your ETF Class shares, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your sale. If you held your shares as a capital asset, the gain or loss that you realize will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term or short-term, generally depending on how long you have held your shares. Capital losses in any year are deductible only to the extent of capital gains plus, in the case of a noncorporate taxpayer, $3,000 of ordinary income.
Taxes on Purchase and Redemption of Creation Units. An Authorized Participant who exchanges securities for Creation Units generally will recognize a gain or a loss. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the market value of the Creation Units at the time of purchase (plus any cash received by the Authorized Participant as part of the issue) and the Authorized Participant's aggregate basis in the securities surrendered (plus any cash paid
59
by the Authorized Participant as part of the issue). An Authorized Participant who exchanges Creation Units for securities generally will recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the Authorized Participant's basis in the Creation Units (plus any cash paid by the Authorized Participant as part of the redemption) and the aggregate market value of the securities received (plus any cash received by the Authorized Participant as part of the redemption). The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an exchange of securities for Creation Units cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing "wash sales," or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons exchanging securities should consult their own tax advisor with respect to whether wash sale rules apply and when a loss might be deductible.
Under current federal tax laws, any capital gain or loss realized upon redemption of Creation Units is generally treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year and as a short-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for one year or less, assuming such Creation Units are held as a capital asset.
If the Portfolio redeems Creation Units in cash, it may recognize more capital gains than it will if it redeems Creation Units in-kind.
Tax basis information. A shareholder's cost basis information will be provided on the sale of any of the shareholder's shares, subject to certain exceptions for exempt recipients. Please contact the broker (or other nominee) that holds your shares with respect to reporting of cost basis and available elections for your account.
Wash sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on a sale of your ETF Class shares will be disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Portfolio (through reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within 30 days before or after your share redemption. Any loss disallowed under these rules will be added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Sales at a loss within six months of purchase. Any loss incurred on a sale of shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributed to you on those shares.
Tax shelter reporting. Under Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss with respect to the Portfolio's ETF Class shares of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or certain greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions
Set forth below is a general description of the tax treatment of certain types of securities, investment techniques and transactions that may apply to a portfolio and, in turn, affect the amount, character and timing of dividends and distributions payable by the portfolio to its shareholders. This section should be read in conjunction with the discussion in the Prospectus under "Principal Investment Strategies" and "Principal Risks" for a detailed description of the various types of securities and investment techniques that apply to the Portfolio.
In general. In general, gain or loss recognized by a portfolio on the sale or other disposition of portfolio investments will be a capital gain or loss. Such capital gain and loss may be long-term or short-term depending, in general, upon the length of time a particular investment position is maintained and, in some cases, upon the nature of the transaction. Property held for more than one year generally will be eligible for long-term capital gain or loss treatment. The application of certain rules described below may serve to alter the manner in which the holding period for a security is determined or may otherwise affect the characterization as long-term or short-term, and also the timing of the realization and/or character, of certain gains or losses.
Certain fixed-income investments. Gain recognized on the disposition of a debt obligation purchased by a portfolio at a market discount (generally, at a price less than its principal amount) will be treated as ordinary income
60
to the extent of the portion of the market discount that accrued during the period of time the portfolio held the debt obligation unless the portfolio made a current inclusion election to accrue market discount into income as it accrues. If a portfolio purchases a debt obligation (such as a zero coupon security or pay-in-kind security) that was originally issued at a discount, the portfolio generally is required to include in gross income each year the portion of the original issue discount that accrues during such year. Therefore, a portfolio's investment in such securities may cause the portfolio to recognize income and make distributions before it receives any cash payments on the securities. To generate cash to satisfy those distribution requirements, a portfolio may have to sell portfolio securities that it otherwise might have continued to hold or to use cash flows from other sources such as the sale of portfolio shares.
Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present tax issues for a portfolio. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether and to what extent a portfolio should recognize market discount on a debt obligation, when a portfolio may cease to accrue interest, original issue discount or market discount, when and to what extent a portfolio may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how a portfolio should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by a portfolio in order to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a regulated investment company.
Options, futures, forward contracts, swap agreements and hedging transactions. In general, option premiums received by a portfolio are not immediately included in the income of the portfolio. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the portfolio transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If an option written by a portfolio is exercised and the portfolio sells or delivers the underlying stock, the portfolio generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the portfolio minus (b) the portfolio's basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by a portfolio pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the portfolio generally will subtract the premium received from its cost basis in the securities purchased. The gain or loss with respect to any termination of a portfolio's obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option and related sale or delivery of the underlying stock generally will be short-term gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the portfolio is greater or less than the amount paid by the portfolio (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by a portfolio expires unexercised, the portfolio generally will recognize short-term gain equal to the premium received.
The tax treatment of certain futures contracts entered into by a portfolio as well as listed non-equity options written or purchased by the portfolio on U.S. exchanges (including options on futures contracts, broad-based equity indices and debt securities) may be governed by section 1256 of the Code ("section 1256 contracts"). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses ("60/40"), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, any section 1256 contracts held by a portfolio at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are "marked to market" with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable. Section 1256 contracts do not include any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement.
In addition to the special rules described above in respect of options and futures transactions, a portfolio's transactions in other derivative instruments (including options, forward contracts and swap agreements) as well as its other hedging, short sale, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules (including the constructive sale, notional principal contract, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by a portfolio are treated as ordinary or capital or as short-term or long-term, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the portfolio, defer losses to the portfolio, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the portfolio's securities. These rules, therefore, could affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions. Moreover, because the tax rules applicable to derivative financial instruments are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a portfolio has made sufficient
61
distributions and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a portfolio-level tax.
Certain of a portfolio's investments in derivatives and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and the portfolio's transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, may produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. If a portfolio's book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the portfolio could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company. If a portfolio's book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the distribution of any such excess will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the portfolio's remaining earnings and profits (including current earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income, reduced by related deductions), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient's basis in the shares, and (iii) thereafter, as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.
Foreign currency transactions. A portfolio's transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. This treatment could increase or decrease a portfolio's ordinary income distributions, and may cause some or all of the portfolio's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital. In certain cases, a portfolio may make an election to treat such gain or loss as capital.
PFIC securities. The Portfolio may invest in securities of foreign entities that could be deemed for tax purposes to be PFICs. In general, a PFIC is any foreign corporation if 75% or more of its gross income for its taxable year is passive income, or 50% or more of its average assets (by value) are held for the production of passive income. When investing in PFIC securities, the Portfolio intends to mark-to-market these securities and recognize any unrealized gains as ordinary income at the end of its fiscal year. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Portfolio is required to distribute, even though it has not sold or received dividends from these securities. You should also be aware that the designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause its income dividends to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Portfolio. Due to various complexities in identifying PFICs, the Portfolio can give no assurances that it will be able to identify portfolio securities in foreign corporations that are PFICs in time for the Portfolio to make a mark-to-market election. If the Portfolio is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Portfolio may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the disposition of such shares even if such income is distributed as a taxable dividend by the Portfolio to its shareholders. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Portfolio in respect of deferred taxes arising from such distributions or gains. Any such taxes or interest charges could in turn reduce the Portfolio's distributions paid.
Investments in non-U.S. REITs. While non-U.S. REITs often use complex acquisition structures that seek to minimize taxation in the source country, an investment by a portfolio in a non-U.S. REIT may subject the portfolio, directly or indirectly, to corporate taxes, withholding taxes, transfer taxes and other indirect taxes in the country in which the real estate acquired by the non-U.S. REIT is located. The portfolio's pro rata share of any such taxes will reduce the portfolio's return on its investment. A portfolio's investment in a non-U.S. REIT may be considered an investment in a PFIC, as discussed above in "PFIC securities." Additionally, foreign withholding taxes on distributions from the non-U.S. REIT may be reduced or eliminated under certain tax treaties, as discussed above in "Taxation of the Portfolio  Foreign income tax." Also, the portfolio in certain limited circumstances may be required to file an income tax return in the source country and pay tax on any gain realized from its investment in the non-U.S. REIT under rules similar to those in the United States which tax foreign persons on gain realized from dispositions of interests in U.S. real estate.
Investments in U.S. REITs. A U.S. REIT is not subject to federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to shareholders. Dividends paid by a U.S. REIT, other than capital gain distributions, will be taxable as ordinary income up to the amount of the U.S. REIT's current and accumulated earnings and profits. Capital gain dividends paid by a U.S. REIT to a portfolio will be treated as long-term capital gains by the portfolio and, in turn,
62
may be distributed by the portfolio as a capital gain distribution. Because of certain noncash expenses, such as property depreciation, an equity U.S. REIT's cash flow may exceed its taxable income. The equity U.S. REIT, and in turn a portfolio, may distribute this excess cash in the form of a return of capital distribution. However, if a U.S. REIT is operated in a manner that fails to qualify as a REIT, an investment in the U.S. REIT would become subject to double taxation, meaning the taxable income of the U.S. REIT would be subject to federal income tax at the corporate income tax rate without any deduction for dividends paid to shareholders and the dividends would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (or possibly as qualified dividend income) to the extent of the U.S. REIT's current and accumulated earnings and profits. Also, see "Tax Treatment of Portfolio Transactions  Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion income)" and "Non-U.S. Investors  Investment in U.S. real property" with respect to certain other tax aspects of investing in U.S. REITs.
Investment in taxable mortgage pools (excess inclusion income). Under a Notice issued by the IRS, the Code and Treasury regulations to be issued, a portion of a portfolio's income from a U.S. REIT that is attributable to the REIT's residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit ("REMIC") or equity interests in a "taxable mortgage pool" (referred to in the Code as an excess inclusion) will be subject to federal income tax in all events. The excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company, such as a portfolio, will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related REMIC residual interest or, if applicable, taxable mortgage pool directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income ("UBTI") to entities (including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, 401(k) plans, Keogh plans or other tax-exempt entities) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income, and otherwise might not be required to file a tax return, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a foreign stockholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. In addition, if at any time during any taxable year a "disqualified organization" (which generally includes certain cooperatives, governmental entities, and tax-exempt organizations not subject to UBTI) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company, then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax equal to that portion of its excess inclusion income for the taxable year that is allocable to the disqualified organization, multiplied by the corporate income tax rate. The Notice imposes certain reporting requirements upon regulated investment companies that have excess inclusion income. There can be no assurance that a portfolio will not allocate to shareholders excess inclusion income.
These rules are potentially applicable to a portfolio with respect to any income it receives from the equity interests of certain mortgage pooling vehicles, either directly or, as is more likely, through an investment in a U.S. REIT. It is unlikely that these rules will apply to a portfolio that has a non-REIT strategy.
Investments in partnerships and qualified publicly traded partnerships ("QPTP"). For purposes of the Income Requirement, income derived by a portfolio from a partnership that is not a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the portfolio. While the rules are not entirely clear with respect to a portfolio investing in a partnership outside a master-feeder structure, for purposes of testing whether a portfolio satisfies the Asset Diversification Test, the portfolio generally is treated as owning a pro rata share of the underlying assets of a partnership. See "Taxation of the Portfolio - Qualification as a regulated investment company." In contrast, different rules apply to a partnership that is a QPTP. A QPTP is a partnership (a) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market, (b) that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and (c) that derives less than 90% of its income from sources that satisfy the Income Requirement (e.g., because it invests in commodities). All of the net income derived by a portfolio from an interest in a QPTP will be treated as qualifying income but the portfolio may not invest more than 25% of its total assets in one or more QPTPs. However, there can be no assurance that a partnership classified as a QPTP in one year will qualify as a QPTP in the next year. Any such failure to annually qualify as a QPTP might, in turn, cause a portfolio to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company. Although, in general, the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to RICs, such rules do apply to a portfolio with respect to items attributable to an interest in a QPTP. Portfolio investments in partnerships, including in QPTPs, may result in the portfolio's being subject to state, local or foreign income, franchise or withholding tax liabilities.
63
Securities lending. While securities are loaned out by a portfolio, the portfolio generally will receive from the borrower amounts equal to any dividends or interest paid on the borrowed securities. For federal income tax purposes, payments made "in lieu of" dividends are not considered dividend income. These distributions will neither qualify for the reduced rate of taxation for individuals on qualified dividends nor the 50% dividends-received deduction for corporations. Also, any foreign tax withheld on payments made "in lieu of" dividends or interest will not qualify for the pass-through of foreign tax credits to shareholders.
Investments in convertible securities. Convertible debt is ordinarily treated as a "single property" consisting of a pure debt interest until conversion, after which the investment becomes an equity interest. If the security is issued at a premium (i.e., for cash in excess of the face amount payable on retirement), the creditor-holder may amortize the premium over the life of the bond. If the security is issued for cash at a price below its face amount, the creditor-holder must accrue original issue discount in income over the life of the debt. The creditor-holder's exercise of the conversion privilege is treated as a nontaxable event. Mandatorily convertible debt (e.g., an exchange-traded note or ETN issued in the form of an unsecured obligation that pays a return based on the performance of a specified market index, exchange currency, or commodity) is often, but not always, treated as a contract to buy or sell the reference property rather than debt. Similarly, convertible preferred stock with a mandatory conversion feature is ordinarily, but not always, treated as equity rather than debt. Dividends received generally are qualified dividend income and eligible for the corporate dividends-received deduction. In general, conversion of preferred stock for common stock of the same corporation is tax-free. Conversion of preferred stock for cash is a taxable redemption. Any redemption premium for preferred stock that is redeemable by the issuing company might be required to be amortized under original issue discount principles.
Investments in securities of uncertain tax character. A portfolio may invest in securities the U.S. federal income tax treatment of which may not be clear or may be subject to recharacterization by the IRS. To the extent the tax treatment of such securities or the income from such securities differs from the tax treatment expected by a portfolio, it could affect the timing or character of income recognized by the fund, requiring the portfolio to purchase or sell securities, or otherwise change its portfolio, in order to comply with the tax rules applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code.
Backup Withholding
By law, a withholding of tax may apply to your taxable dividends and sales proceeds unless you:
• provide your correct social security or taxpayer identification number,
• certify that this number is correct,
• certify that you are not subject to backup withholding, and
• certify that you are a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien).
Withholding also is imposed if the IRS requires it. When withholding is required, the amount will be 24% of any distributions or proceeds paid. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS. Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding and information reporting. The special U.S. tax certification requirements applicable to non-U.S. investors to avoid backup withholding are described under the "Non-U.S. Investors" heading below.
Non-U.S. Investors
Non-U.S. investors (shareholders who, as to the United States, are nonresident alien individuals, foreign trusts or estates, foreign corporations, or foreign partnerships) may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors about the applicability of U.S. tax withholding and the use of the appropriate forms to certify their status.
In general. The United States imposes a withholding tax at the 30% statutory rate (or at a lower rate if you are a resident of a country that has a tax treaty with the U.S.) on U.S. source dividends, including on income
64
dividends paid to you by the Portfolio. Exemptions from this U.S. withholding tax are provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Portfolio from its net long-term capital gains, interest-related dividends paid by the Portfolio from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources and short-term capital gain dividends. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any dividends and distributions of income and capital gains, including the proceeds from the sale of your ETF Class shares, will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 24% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
Capital gain dividends and short-term capital gain dividends. In general, (i) a capital gain dividend reported by the Portfolio to shareholders as paid from its net long-term capital gains or (ii) a short-term capital gain dividend reported by the Portfolio to shareholders as paid from its net short-term capital gains, other than long- or short-term capital gains realized on the disposition of certain U.S. real property interests (see the discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.
Interest-related dividends. Dividends reported by the Portfolio to shareholders as interest-related dividends and paid from its qualified net interest income from U.S. sources are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. "Qualified interest income" includes, in general, U.S. source (1) bank deposit interest, (2) short-term original discount, (3) interest (including original issue discount, market discount, or acquisition discount) on an obligation which is in registered form, unless it is earned on an obligation issued by a corporation or partnership in which the Portfolio is a 10-percent shareholder or is contingent interest, and (4) any interest-related dividend from another regulated investment company. On any payment date, the amount of an income dividend that is reported by the Portfolio to shareholders as an interest-related dividend may be more or less than the amount that is so qualified. This is because the reporting of interest-related dividends is based on an estimate of the Portfolio's qualified net interest income for its entire fiscal year, which can only be determined with exactness at fiscal year-end. As a consequence, the Portfolio may over withhold a small amount of U.S. tax from a dividend payment. In this case, the non-U.S. investor's only recourse may be to either forgo recovery of the excess withholding or to file a United States nonresident income tax return to recover the excess withholding.
Further limitations on tax reporting for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends for non-U.S. investors. It may not be practical in every case for the Portfolio to report to shareholders, and the Portfolio reserves the right in these cases to not report, small amounts of interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends. Additionally, the Portfolio's reporting of interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends may not be passed through to shareholders by intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints.
Net investment income from dividends on stock and foreign source interest income continue to be subject to withholding tax; foreign tax credits. Ordinary dividends paid by the Portfolio to non-U.S. investors on the income earned on portfolio investments in (i) the stock of domestic and foreign corporations, and (ii) the debt of foreign issuers continue to be subject to U.S. withholding tax. Foreign shareholders may be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 30% on the income resulting from an election to pass-through foreign tax credits to shareholders, but may not be able to claim a credit or deduction with respect to the withholding tax for the foreign tax treated as having been paid by them.
Income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. If the income from the Portfolio is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, then ordinary income dividends, capital gain dividends and any gains realized upon the sale of ETF Class shares of the Portfolio will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens or domestic corporations and require the filing of a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
Investment in U.S. real property. The Portfolio may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in U.S. real property, including U.S. REITs. The sale of a U.S. real property interest ("USRPI") by the Portfolio or by a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation in which the Portfolio invests may trigger special tax consequences to the Portfolio's non-U.S. shareholders. The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 ("FIRPTA") makes non-U.S. persons subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a USRPI as if he or she were a U.S. person. Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA gain. The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of FIRPTA gain by a RIC received from a U.S. REIT or another RIC classified as a U.S. real property holding
65
corporation or realized by the RIC on a sale of a USRPI (other than a domestically controlled U.S. REIT or RIC that is classified as a qualified investment entity) if all of the following requirements are met:
· The RIC is classified as a qualified investment entity. A RIC is classified as a "qualified investment entity" with respect to a distribution to a non-U.S. person which is attributable directly or indirectly to a sale or exchange of a USRPI if, in general, 50% or more of the RIC's assets consist of interests in U.S. REITs and U.S. real property holding corporations, and
· You are a non-U.S. shareholder that owns more than 5% of a class of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of the distribution.
· If these conditions are met, such Portfolio distributions to you are treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the corporate income tax rate (unless reduced by future regulations), and requiring that you file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
· In addition, even if you do not own more than 5% of a class of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares, but the Portfolio is a qualified investment entity, such Portfolio distributions to you will be taxable as ordinary dividends rather than as a capital gain dividend (a distribution of long-term capital gains) or a short-term capital gain dividend subject to withholding at the 30% or lower treaty withholding rate.
FIRPTA "wash sale" rule. If the Portfolio is a domestically controlled qualified investment entity and a non-U.S. shareholder of the Portfolio (i) disposes of his interest in the Portfolio during the 30-day period preceding the Portfolio distribution that would have been treated as FIRPTA gain under the look-through rule described above, (ii) acquires an identical stock interest during the 61-day period beginning the first day of such 30-day period preceding the distribution, and (iii) does not in fact receive the distribution in a manner that subjects the non-U.S. shareholder to tax under FIRPTA, then the non-U.S. shareholder is required to pay U.S. tax on an amount equal to the amount of the distribution that was not taxed under FIRPTA as a result of the disposition. These rules also apply to substitute dividend payments and other similar arrangements; the portion of the substitute dividend or similar payment treated as FIRPTA gain equals the portion of the RIC distribution such payment is in lieu of that otherwise would have been treated as FIRPTA gain.
Gain on sale of Portfolio shares as FIRPTA gain. In addition, a sale or redemption of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares will be FIRPTA gain only if -
· As a non-U.S. shareholder, you own more than 5% of the ETF Class shares in the Portfolio;
· The Portfolio is not domestically controlled (50% or more in value of the Portfolio has been owned directly or indirectly by non-U.S. shareholders during the 5-year period ending on the date of disposition); and
· 50% or more of the Portfolio's assets consist of: (1) more-than 5% interests in publicly traded companies that are United States Real Property Holding Corporations ("USRPHC"), (2) interests in non-publicly traded companies that are USRPHCs, and (3) interests in U.S. REITs that are not controlled by U.S. shareholders where the REIT shares are either not publicly traded or are publicly traded and the Portfolio owns more than 10%.
In the unlikely event that the Portfolio meets the requirements described above, the gain will be taxed as income "effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business." As a result, the non-U.S. shareholder will be required to pay U.S. income tax on such gain and file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
Because the Portfolio expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, the Portfolio expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of ETF Class shares nor Portfolio dividends and distributions will be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.
U.S. estate tax. Transfers by gift of ETF Class shares of the Portfolio by a foreign shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. An individual who, at the time of death, is a
66
non-U.S. shareholder will nevertheless be subject to U.S. federal estate tax with respect to a Portfolio's ETF Class shares at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens and residents, unless a treaty exemption applies. If a treaty exemption is available, a decedent's estate may nonetheless need to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption in order to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., a Portfolio's ETF Class shares) as to which the U.S. federal estate tax lien has been released. In the absence of a treaty, there is a $13,000 statutory estate tax credit (equivalent to U.S. situs assets with a value of $60,000). For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000, an affidavit from an appropriate individual evidencing that decedent's U.S. situs assets are below this threshold amount may be sufficient to transfer a Portfolio's ETF Class shares.
U.S. tax certification rules. Special U.S. tax certification requirements may apply to non-U.S. shareholders both to avoid U.S. backup withholding imposed at a rate of 24% and to obtain the benefits of any treaty between the United States and the shareholder's country of residence. In general, if you are a non-U.S. shareholder, you must provide a Form W-8BEN (or other applicable Form W-8) to establish that you are not a U.S. person, to claim that you are the beneficial owner of the income and, if applicable, to claim a reduced rate of, or exemption from, withholding as a resident of a country with which the United States has an income tax treaty. A Form W-8BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number will remain in effect for a period beginning on the date signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year unless an earlier change of circumstances makes the information on the form incorrect. Certain payees and payments are exempt from backup withholding.
The tax consequences to a non-U.S. shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein. Non-U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Portfolio, including the applicability of foreign tax.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act ("FATCA"). Under FATCA, a 30% withholding tax is imposed on the income dividends made by the Portfolio to certain foreign entities, referred to as foreign financial institutions ("FFI") or non-financial foreign entities ("NFFE"). After December 31, 2018, FATCA withholding also would have applied to certain capital gain distributions, return of capital distributions, and the proceeds arising from the sale of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares; however, based on proposed regulations issued by the IRS, which can be relied upon currently, such withholding is no longer required unless final regulations provide otherwise (which is not expected). The FATCA withholding tax generally can be avoided: (a) by an FFI, if it reports certain direct and indirect ownership of foreign financial accounts held by U.S. persons with the FFI and (b) by an NFFE, if it: (i) certifies that it has no substantial U.S. persons as owners or (ii) if it does have such owners, reporting information relating to them. The U.S. Treasury has negotiated intergovernmental agreements ("IGA") with certain countries and is in various stages of negotiations with a number of other foreign countries with respect to one or more alternative approaches to implement FATCA; an entity in one of those countries may be required to comply with the terms of an IGA instead of U.S. Treasury regulations.
An FFI can avoid FATCA withholding if it is deemed compliant or by becoming a "participating FFI," which requires the FFI to enter into a U.S. tax compliance agreement with the IRS under section 1471(b) of the Code ("FFI agreement") under which it agrees to verify, report and disclose certain of its U.S. accountholders and meet certain other specified requirements. The FFI will either report the specified information about the U.S. accounts to the IRS, or, to the government of the FFI's country of residence (pursuant to the terms and conditions of applicable law and an applicable IGA entered into between the U.S. and the FFI's country of residence), which will, in turn, report the specified information to the IRS. An FFI that is resident in a country that has entered into an IGA with the U.S. to implement FATCA will be exempt from FATCA withholding provided that the FFI shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.
An NFFE that is the beneficial owner of a payment from the Portfolio can avoid the FATCA withholding tax generally by certifying that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or by providing the name, address and taxpayer identification number of each substantial U.S. owner. The NFFE will report the information to the Portfolio or other applicable withholding agent, which will, in turn, report the information to the IRS.
Such foreign shareholders also may fall into certain exempt, excepted or deemed compliant categories as established by U.S. Treasury regulations, IGAs, and other guidance regarding FATCA. An FFI or NFFE that
67
invests in the Portfolio will need to provide documentation properly certifying the entity's status under FATCA in order to avoid FATCA withholding. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the impact of these requirements on their investment in the Portfolio. The requirements imposed by FATCA are different from, and in addition to, the U.S. tax certification rules to avoid backup withholding described above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of these requirements to their own situation.
Effect of Future Legislation; Local Tax Considerations
The foregoing general discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences is based on the Code and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative or administrative changes, including provisions of current law that sunset and thereafter no longer apply, or court decisions may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and any such changes or decisions may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein. Rules of state and local taxation of ordinary income, qualified dividend income and capital gain dividends may differ from the rules for U.S. federal income taxation described above. Distributions may also be subject to additional state, local and foreign taxes depending on each shareholder's particular situation. Non-U.S. shareholders may be subject to U.S. tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting investment in the Portfolio.
PROXY VOTING POLICIES
The Board of the Fund has delegated the authority to vote proxies for the portfolio securities held by the Portfolios to the Advisor in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (the "Voting Policies") and Proxy Voting Guidelines ("Voting Guidelines") adopted by the Advisor applicable to the Portfolios. A concise summary of the Voting Guidelines is provided in an Appendix to this SAI.
The Investment Committee at the Advisor is generally responsible for overseeing the Advisor's proxy voting process. The Investment Committee has formed the Investment Stewardship Committee (the "Committee") composed of certain officers, directors and other personnel of the Advisor and has delegated to its members authority to (i) oversee the voting of proxies and third-party proxy service providers, (ii) make determinations as to how to vote certain specific proxies, (iii) verify ongoing compliance with the Voting Policies, (iv) receive reports on the review of the third-party proxy service providers, and (v) review the Voting Policies from time to time and recommend changes to the Investment Committee. The Committee may designate one or more of its members to oversee specific, ongoing compliance with respect to the Voting Policies and may designate personnel of the Advisor to vote proxies on behalf of the Portfolios, such as authorized traders of the Advisor.
The Advisor seeks to vote (or refrains from voting) proxies for the Portfolios in a manner that the Advisor determines is in the best interests of the Portfolios and which seeks to maximize the value of the Portfolios' investments, subject to the standards of legal and regulatory regimes, applicable to the Advisor or the Portfolios, and any particular investment or voting guidelines of specific funds or accounts. Generally, the Advisor analyzes proxy statements on behalf of the Portfolios and instructs the vote (or refrains from voting) in accordance with the Voting Policies, Voting Guidelines or procedures. Most proxies the Advisor receives are instructed to be voted in accordance with the Voting Guidelines, and when proxies are voted consistently with such guidelines or procedures, the Advisor considers such votes not to be affected by conflicts of interest. However, the Voting Policies do address the procedures to be followed if a potential or actual conflict of interest arises between the interests of the Portfolios, and the interests of the Advisor or its affiliates. If a Committee member has actual knowledge of a conflict of interest and recommends a vote contrary to the Voting Guidelines or procedures (or in the case where the Voting Guidelines or procedures do not prescribe a particular vote and the proposed vote is contrary to the recommendation of third-party proxy service providers), the Committee member will bring the vote to the Committee which will (a) determine how the vote should be cast keeping in mind the principle of preserving shareholder value, or (b) determine to abstain from voting, unless abstaining would be materially adverse to the interest of the Portfolios. The Advisor may face a conflict of interest in determining whether to vote or refrain from voting proxies for a Portfolio where the Advisor has agreed to assume the costs of the Portfolio's voting expenses because, for such Portfolio, the costs of voting proxies are effectively paid by the Advisor. The Advisor believes such conflicts of interest are addressed by applying the same cost-benefit analysis across all clients, without regard to whether the Advisor has a conflict, such as by assuming the costs of voting on behalf of a client. To the extent a conflict arises in connection
68
with a proposed engagement with a portfolio company, the proposed engagement will be brought to the Investment Stewardship Committee for consideration of how to proceed. To the extent the Committee makes a determination regarding how to vote or to abstain for a proxy on behalf of a Portfolio in the circumstances described in this paragraph, the Advisor will report annually on such determinations to the Board of the Fund.
To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the Advisor generally will employ mirror voting, if possible, when a Portfolio invests in another portfolio (an "Acquired Fund") in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d)(1)(E), 12(d)(1)(F) or 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, related rules thereunder (including Rule 12d1-1 or Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act), or pursuant to an SEC exemptive order thereunder, unless otherwise required by applicable law or regulation. Mirror voting means that the Advisor will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Acquired Fund's shares. With respect to instances when a Portfolio invests in an Acquired Fund in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, related rules thereunder (including Rule 12d1-1 or Rule 12d1-4), or pursuant to an SEC exemptive order thereunder, and there are no other unaffiliated shareholders also invested in the Acquired Fund, the Advisor will vote in accordance with the recommendation of such Acquired Fund's board of trustees or directors, unless otherwise required by applicable law or regulation. With respect to instances when a Portfolio invests in an Acquired Fund in reliance on Sections 12(d)(1)(E) or 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act and there are no other unaffiliated shareholders also invested in the Acquired Fund, the Advisor will employ pass-through voting, unless otherwise required by applicable law or regulation. In "pass-through voting," the investing Portfolio will solicit voting instructions from its shareholders as to how to vote on the Acquired Fund's proposals.
The Advisor will usually instruct voting of proxies in accordance with the Voting Guidelines. The Voting Guidelines provide a framework for analysis and decision making, however, the Voting Guidelines do not address all potential issues. In order to be able to address all the relevant facts and circumstances related to a proxy vote, the Advisor reserves the right to instruct votes that deviate from the Voting Guidelines if, after a review of the matter, the Advisor believes that the best interests of a Portfolio would be served by, or applicable legal and fiduciary standards require, such a vote. In such a circumstance, the analysis will be documented in writing and periodically presented to the Committee for review. To the extent that the Voting Guidelines do not cover potential voting issues, the Advisor may consider the spirit of the Guidelines and applicable legal standards and instruct the vote on such issues in a manner that the Advisor believes would be in the best interests of a Portfolio. Irrespective of the foregoing, the Advisor's decision-making to vote or refrain from voting will be made following a cost-benefit analysis described below.
In some cases, the Advisor may determine that it is in the best interests of a Portfolio to refrain from exercising proxy voting rights. For example, the Advisor will generally refrain from voting proxies where the Advisor anticipates that the costs to a Portfolio of voting could exceed the expected benefits of voting. Note that securities issued in non-U.S. jurisdictions can be subject both to direct costs and opportunity costs which are not associated with voting U.S. proxies. As a result, were the Advisor to refrain from voting proxies, it would be more likely to do so for votes for matters related to non-U.S. issuers rather than U.S. issuers. The Advisor considers updates on proxy voting costs and voting impediments and its overall cost-benefit analysis for each Portfolio and country periodically, no less frequently than annually. In certain circumstances, for example, for a Portfolio with a relatively small amount of assets under management that invests significantly in non-U.S. issuers and has a large number of holdings, the Advisor's cost-benefit analysis may result in the Advisor refraining from voting all proxies for such Portfolio. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event the Advisor is made aware of and believes an issue to be voted is likely to materially affect the economic value of a Portfolio, that the Portfolio's vote is reasonably likely to be determinative of the outcome of the contest, and the expected benefits of voting a particular proxy vote exceed the costs, the Advisor will make reasonable efforts to vote that proxy.
For securities on loan, the Advisor will balance the revenue-producing value of loans against the difficult-to-assess value of casting votes. It is generally the Advisor's belief that the expected value of casting a vote generally will be less than the securities lending income, either because the votes will not have significant economic consequences or because the outcome of the vote would not be affected by the Advisor recalling loaned securities for voting. In certain countries, including the United States, the specific terms of the proposals to be voted on by shareholders will generally not be known until after the record date, which determines the shares eligible to be voted. In this situation, the Advisor may not be aware of the subject of a proxy in time to make a decision as to whether the materiality of the voting proposals warrants recalling a security on loan to vote. In addition, because specific record dates may not be known, if the Advisor were to seek to recall securities on loan, the Advisor would
69
need to estimate the record date which would result in the securities being recalled for a longer period of time than otherwise required and may create a greater potential loss of income. The Advisor does intend to recall securities on loan if based upon information in the Advisor's possession, it determines that voting the securities is likely to materially affect the value of a Portfolio's investment and that it is in the Portfolio's best interests to do so. In cases where the Advisor does not receive a solicitation or enough information within a sufficient time (as reasonably determined by the Advisor) prior to the proxy-voting deadline, the Advisor or its service provider may be unable to vote and this may also inform the Advisor's voting decision.
Holders of fixed income securities are generally not entitled to an annual vote and therefore do not have such a mechanism to influence an issuer's governance. From time-to-time holders of fixed income securities can receive proxy ballots or corporate action-consents at the discretion of the issuer/custodian. In such circumstances the Advisor's fixed income portfolio management team is generally responsible for providing recommendations on how to vote proxy ballots and corporation action-consents and they may consult with members of the Committee, with the aim of applying the same general principles as are set out in the Guidelines.
The Advisor may take social or sustainability issues into account when voting proxies for portfolios that do not incorporate social or sustainability considerations in their design, such as the Portfolios if the Advisor believes that doing so is in the best interest of the portfolio and is otherwise consistent with applicable law and the Advisor's duties, such as where material environmental or social risks may have economic ramifications for shareholders.
The Advisor has retained certain third-party proxy voting service providers ("Proxy Service Firms") to provide information on shareholder meeting dates and proxy materials; translate proxy materials printed in a foreign language; provide research on proxy proposals; operationally process votes in accordance with the Voting Guidelines on behalf of a Portfolio; and provide reports concerning the proxies voted ("Proxy Voting Services"). Although the Advisor retains third-party service providers for Proxy Voting Services, the Advisor remains responsible for proxy voting decisions and making such decisions in accordance with its fiduciary duties. The Advisor has designed Voting Policies to prudently select, oversee and evaluate Proxy Service Firms consistent with the Advisor's fiduciary duties, including with respect to the matters described below, which Proxy Service Firms have been engaged to provide Proxy Voting Services to support the Advisor's voting in accordance with the Voting Policies. Prior to the selection of a new Proxy Service Firm and annually thereafter or more frequently if deemed necessary by the Advisor, the Committee will consider whether the Proxy Service Firm (i) has the capacity and competency to timely and adequately analyze proxy issues and provide the Proxy Voting Services the Proxy Service Firm has been engaged to provide and (ii) can make its recommendations in an impartial manner and in the best interests of the Advisor's clients, and consistent with the Advisor's Voting Policies and fiduciary duties. In the event that the Voting Guidelines are not implemented precisely as the Advisor intends because of the actions or omissions of any third party service providers, custodians or sub-custodians or other agents or any such persons experience any irregularities (e.g., misvotes or missed votes), then such instances will not necessarily be deemed by the Advisor as a breach of the Voting Policies.
Information regarding how Portfolios voted proxies related to its portfolio securities during the 12 month period ended June 30 of each year is available, no later than August 31 of each year, without charge, (i) by contacting the Fund at the address or telephone number appearing on the cover of this SAI, (ii) on the Advisor's website at https://www.dimensional.com/who-we-are/investment-stewardship and (iii) on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
On each Business Day, prior to the opening of regular trading on its primary listing exchange, each Portfolio discloses on its website the portfolio holdings that will form the basis of the next NAV per share calculation as required by Rule 6c-11 of the Portfolio's ETF Class shares. In addition, portfolio holdings information may also be made available to certain entities, including Fund service providers and institutional market participants, as described below.
Basket Composition Files
70
The Portfolios may make available through the facilities of the NSCC or through posting on a Portfolio's publicly available website, prior to the opening of trading on each business day, (i) pricing basket files, which include full portfolio holdings; and (ii) trading basket files, which include the security names and share quantities to deliver in exchange for ETF Class shares, together with estimates and actual cash components.
Authorized Participants and Institutional Market Participants
The Advisor may provide certain information concerning a Portfolio's portfolio holdings to certain entities (defined below) in a format not available to other current or prospective ETF Class shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units, as contemplated by Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act. The "entities" referred to are generally limited to NSCC members and subscribers to various fee-based subscription services, including Authorized Participants and other institutional market participants and entities that provide information services. This information may or may not reflect the pro rata composition of the portfolio holdings of a Portfolio's ETF Class shares.
Third-Party Service Providers
Certain portfolio holdings information may be disclosed to third-party service providers to the Fund (e.g., the Fund's auditors, legal counsel, administrator, custodian, transfer agent) subject to appropriates confidentiality agreements with such service providers, as may be necessary to conduct business in the ordinary course in a manner consistent with applicable policies, agreements with the Portfolios, the terms of the current registration statements and federal securities laws and regulations thereunder. From time to time, and in the ordinary course of business, such information may also be disclosed, subject to appropriate confidentiality agreements, to other entities that provide services to the Portfolios, including pricing information vendors, and third parties that deliver analytical, statistical or consulting services to a Portfolio. The information is generally provided to such service providers after it has been disseminated to the NSCC.
Additional Communications
In addition to the daily posting of portfolio holdings discussed above, the Portfolios may also directly provide such portfolio holdings, or information derived from such portfolio holdings, to parties who specifically request it, provided that: (i) the availability of the Portfolios' portfolio holdings is disclosed in the Portfolios' registration statement, as required by applicable law, as well as on the Portfolios' website; (ii) the Advisor determines that such disclosure is in the best interests of Portfolio shareholders; (iii) such information is made equally available to anyone requesting it; and (iv) it is determined that the disclosure does not present the risk of such information being used to trade against the Portfolios as the holdings information for the Portfolios is publicly disclosed on the Portfolios' website daily, and no party is receiving an advantage over another.
The Portfolios do not selectively disclose non-public holdings information to third parties other than those disclosed above. If the Portfolios do selectively disclose holdings information the following procedures will be followed. The Head of the Global Client Group and the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer ("Designated Persons") or a delegate of the same, respectively, together may authorize the selective disclosure of non-public holdings information of the Portfolios to those entities (each a "Recipient") who (1) specifically request the non-public holdings information for a purpose which the Designated Persons determine is consistent with a Portfolio's legitimate business purpose, (2) the Designated Persons determine that such disclosure is in the best interest of the Portfolio's shareholders and (3) in making such disclosure, no conflict exists between the Portfolio's shareholders and those of the Advisor or the Fund's principal underwriter. Prior to receiving non-public holdings information, a Recipient will execute a use and non-disclosure agreement and abide by its trading restrictions. The Fund's Chief Compliance Officer or a delegate of the same will review and approve any delegates named by Designated Persons and will maintain list of the same.
SECURITIES LENDING
The Board of the following Portfolios (collectively, the "Securities Lending Portfolios") has approved their participation in a securities lending program. Under the securities lending program, Securities Finance Trust
71
Company serves as the securities lending agent for the Securities Lending Portfolios (the "Securities Lending Agent").
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, the income earned by the Securities Lending Portfolios, as well as the fees and/or compensation paid by the Portfolios (in dollars) pursuant to a securities lending agency/authorization agreement between the Portfolios and the Securities Lending Agent, were as follows:
|
Fees and/or compensation from securities lending activities and related services: |
||||||||||
|
Portfolio* |
Gross income from securities lending activities |
Fees paid to Securities Lending Agent from a revenue split |
Fees paid from any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) not included in the revenue split |
Administrative fees not included in the revenue split |
Indemnification fees not included in the revenue split |
Rebate |
Other fees not included in the revenue split |
Aggregate fees / compensation for securities lending activities |
Net Income from securities lending activities |
|
|
U.S. Large Company Portfolio |
$3,228,884 |
$4,484 |
$36,865 |
- |
- |
$3,103,903 |
- |
$3,145,252 |
$83,632 |
|
|
U.S. Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$759,667 |
$1,180 |
$7,846 |
- |
- |
$727,445 |
- |
$736,471 |
$23,196 |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Value Portfolio |
$36,083,792 |
$64,042 |
$377,753 |
- |
- |
$34,368,739 |
- |
$34,810,534 |
$1,273,258 |
|
|
U.S. Targeted Value Portfolio |
$32,883,780 |
$61,014 |
$350,008 |
- |
- |
$31,220,116 |
- |
$31,631,138 |
$1,252,642 |
|
|
U.S. Core Equity 1 Portfolio |
$43,064,696 |
$66,891 |
$466,798 |
- |
- |
$41,153,579 |
- |
$41,687,268 |
$1,377,428 |
|
|
U.S. Core Equity 2 Portfolio |
$38,824,834 |
$101,534 |
$386,202 |
- |
- |
$36,241,778 |
- |
$36,729,514 |
$2,095,320 |
|
|
U.S. Vector Equity Portfolio |
$4,478,027 |
$15,253 |
$46,310 |
- |
- |
$4,176,912 |
- |
$4,238,475 |
$239,552 |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Portfolio |
$59,911,443 |
$123,365 |
$665,503 |
- |
- |
$56,640,857 |
- |
$57,429,725 |
$2,481,718 |
|
|
U.S. Micro Cap Portfolio |
$22,694,294 |
$69,846 |
$253,584 |
- |
- |
$21,096,360 |
- |
$21,419,790 |
$1,274,504 |
|
|
U.S. High Relative Profitability Portfolio |
$2,079,681 |
$2,638 |
$23,540 |
- |
- |
$2,004,766 |
- |
$2,030,944 |
$48,737 |
|
|
DFA Real Estate Securities Portfolio |
$7,344,119 |
$15,337 |
$105,383 |
- |
- |
$6,913,232 |
- |
$7,033,952 |
$310,167 |
|
|
U.S. Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
$788,557 |
$989 |
$8,759 |
- |
- |
$758,879 |
- |
$768,627 |
$19,930 |
|
|
U.S. Small Cap Growth Portfolio |
$4,563,796 |
$8,775 |
$51,865 |
- |
- |
$4,320,177 |
- |
$4,380,817 |
$182,979 |
|
|
* |
The amounts included in the table above may differ from the amounts disclosed in the Portfolios' annual financial statements due to timing differences, reconciliations and certain other adjustments. |
|||||||||
72
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, the Securities Lending Agent provided the following services for the Securities Lending Portfolios in connection with securities lending activities: (i) entering into loans with approved entities subject to guidelines or restrictions provided by the Portfolios; (ii) receiving and holding collateral from borrowers, and facilitating the investment and reinvestment of cash collateral; (iii) monitoring daily the value of the loaned securities and collateral, including receiving and delivering additional collateral as necessary from/to borrowers; (iv) negotiating loan terms; (v) selecting securities to be loaned subject to guidelines or restrictions provided by the Portfolios; (vi) recordkeeping and account servicing; (vii) monitoring dividend/distribution activity relating to loaned securities; and (viii) arranging for return of loaned securities to the Portfolios at loan termination.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP ("PwC"), Two Commerce Square, Suite 1800, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7042, is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. PwC audits the Portfolios' annual financial statements. The audited financial statements and financial highlights of the Institutional Class shares of the Portfolios for their fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, as set forth in the Fund's Annual Financial Statements & Other Information, including the report of PwC, are incorporated by reference into this SAI.
A shareholder may obtain a copy of the Annual Financial Statements & Other Information upon request and without charge, by contacting the Fund at the address or telephone number appearing on the cover of this SAI.
PERFORMANCE DATA
Each Portfolio may compare its investment performance to appropriate market and investment company indices and investments for which reliable performance data is available. Such indices are generally unmanaged and are prepared by entities and organizations which track the performance of investment companies or investment advisors. Unmanaged indices often do not reflect deductions for administrative and management costs and expenses. The performance of a Portfolio may also be compared in publications to averages, performance rankings, or other information prepared by recognized investment company fund statistical services. Any performance information, whether related to a Portfolio or to the Advisor, should be considered in light of a Portfolio's investment objective and policies, characteristics and the quality of the portfolio and market conditions during the time period indicated and should not be considered to be representative of what may be achieved in the future.
73
Exhibit A
Summary of Proxy Voting Guidelines
General Approach to Corporate Governance and Proxy Voting
When voting (or refraining from voting) proxies, Dimensional1 seeks to act in the best interests of the funds and accounts Dimensional manages and consistent with applicable legal and fiduciary standards. Dimensional seeks to maximize shareholder value subject to the standards of legal and regulatory regimes (applicable to the Advisor or the client), listing requirements, corporate governance and stewardship codes, and the investment or voting guidelines of the fund or account. 2
Dimensional expects the members of a portfolio company's board to act in the interests of their shareholders. Each portfolio company's board should implement policies and adopt practices that align the interests of the board and management with those of its shareholders. Since a board's main responsibility is to oversee management and to manage and mitigate risk, it is important that board members have the experience and skills to carry out that responsibility.
This summary outlines Dimensional's global approach to key proxy voting issues and highlights particular considerations in specific markets.
Global Evaluation Framework
Dimensional's Global Evaluation Framework sets out Dimensional's general expectations for all portfolio companies. When implementing the principles contained in Dimensional's Global Evaluation Framework in a given market, in addition to the relevant legal and regulatory requirements, Dimensional will consider local market practices. Additionally, for portfolio companies in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Japan, Australia and other select Asia markets, Dimensional will apply the market-specific considerations contained in the relevant subsection in these Guidelines.
Uncontested Director Elections
Dimensional may vote against individual directors, committee members, or the full board of a portfolio company, such as in the following situations:
1. There are problematic audit-related practices;
2. There are problematic compensation practices or persistent pay for performance misalignment;
3. There are problematic anti-takeover provisions;
4. There have been material failures of governance, risk oversight, or fiduciary responsibilities;
5. The board has failed to adequately respond to shareholder concerns;
6. The board has demonstrated a lack of accountability to shareholders;
7. There is an ineffective board refreshment process3;
If a director is a member of multiple boards of various portfolio companies, and one of those boards has one of the issues listed in 1-7 above, Dimensional may vote against that director with respect to the board of the portfolio company with the issue as well as any other portfolio company boards.
Dimensional also considers the following when voting on directors of portfolio companies:
|
1 |
"Dimensional" refers to any of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP, Dimensional Fund Advisors Ltd., DFA Australia Limited, Dimensional Ireland Limited, Dimensional Fund Advisors Pte. Ltd. or Dimensional Japan Ltd. |
||
|
2 |
For considerations in connection with ERISA-covered clients, see the Policy and its references to requirements under ERISA. |
||
|
3 |
As used in these guidelines "board refreshment process" means the method for reviewing and establishing the composition of the board of the portfolio company (e.g., assessments or self-evaluation, succession planning, approach for searches for board members, criteria for qualification of board members). |
||
A-1
1. Board and committee independence;
2. Director attendance: Dimensional generally expects directors to attend at least 75% of board and committee meetings;
3. Director capacity to serve;
4. Board composition.
Board Refreshment
An effective board refreshment process for a portfolio company can include the alignment of directors' skills with business needs, assessment of individual director performance and feedback, and a search process for new directors that appropriately incorporates qualification criteria. Dimensional believes information about a portfolio company's assessment and refreshment process should be disclosed and should generally include:
· The processes and procedures by which the portfolio company identifies the key competencies that directors should possess in order to ensure the board is able to appropriately oversee the risks and opportunities associated with the portfolio company's strategy and operations;
· How the performance of individual directors and the board as a whole is assessed;
· The alignment between the skills and expertise of each board member and the key competencies identified in the board assessment process;
· Board refreshment mechanisms;
· Director recruitment policies and procedures; and
· The extent to which diversity considerations are incorporated into board assessment and refreshment practices and director recruitment policies.
In evaluating a portfolio company's refreshment process, Dimensional may consider, among other information:
· Whether the portfolio company's board assessment process meets market best practices in terms of objectiveness, rigor, disclosure, and other criteria;
· Whether the portfolio company complies with market best practice with regards to refreshment mechanisms, including tenure limits; and
· Whether the portfolio company has board entrenchment devices, such as a classified board or plurality vote standard.
Dimensional may consider a board's diversity when evaluating the effectiveness of a portfolio company's board refreshment process. Dimensional may consider whether a portfolio company seeks to follow market best practices as the portfolio company nominates new directors and assesses the performance of existing directors who have the diversity of backgrounds, experiences, and skill-sets needed to effectively oversee management and manage risk.
If Dimensional believes that a portfolio company's board assessment and refreshment process is not sufficiently rigorous, or if the portfolio company fails to disclose adequate information for Dimensional to assess the rigor of the process, Dimensional may vote against members of the Nominating Committee, or other relevant directors.
Bundled/Slate Director Elections
Dimensional generally opposes bundled director elections at portfolio companies; however, in markets where individual director elections are not an established practice, bundled elections are acceptable as long as the full list of candidates is disclosed in a timely manner.
Contested Director Elections
In the case of contested board elections at portfolio companies, Dimensional takes a case-by-case approach. With the goal of maximizing shareholder value, Dimensional considers the qualifications of the nominees, the likelihood
A-2
that each side can accomplish their stated plans, the portfolio company's corporate governance practices, and the incumbent board's history of responsiveness to shareholders.
Board Size
Dimensional believes that portfolio company boards are responsible for determining an appropriate size of the board of directors within the confines of relevant corporate governance codes and best practice standards. However, Dimensional will generally oppose proposals to alter board structure or size in the context of a fight for control of the portfolio company or the board.
Auditors
Dimensional will typically support the ratification of auditors unless there are concerns with the auditor's independence, the accuracy of the auditor's report, the level of non-audit fees, or if lack of disclosure makes it difficult for us to assess these factors.
In addition to voting against the ratification of the auditors, Dimensional may also vote against or withhold votes from audit committee members at portfolio companies in instances of fraud, material weakness, or significant financial restatements.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Dimensional believes that the market for corporate control, which often results in acquisitions which increase shareholder value, should be able to function without undue restrictions. Takeover defenses such as shareholder rights plans (poison pills) can lead to entrenchment of management and reduced accountability at the board level. Dimensional will generally vote against the adoption of anti-takeover provisions. Dimensional may vote against directors at portfolio companies that adopt or maintain anti-takeover provisions without shareholder approval post-initial public offering ("IPO") or adopted such structures prior to, or in connection with, an IPO. Dimensional may vote against such directors not just at the portfolio company that adopted the anti-takeover provision, but at all other portfolio company boards they serve on.
Related-Party Transactions
Dimensional believes portfolio company related-party transactions should be minimized. When such transactions are determined to be fair to the portfolio company and its shareholders in accordance with the portfolio company's policies and governing law, they should be thoroughly disclosed in public filings.
Amendments to Articles of Association/Incorporation
Dimensional expects the details of proposed amendments to articles of association or incorporation, or similar portfolio company documents, to be clearly disclosed. Dimensional will typically support such amendments that are routine in nature or are required or prompted by regulatory changes. Dimensional may vote against amendments that negatively impact shareholder rights or diminish board oversight.
Equity Based Remuneration
Dimensional supports the adoption of equity plans that align the interests of the portfolio company board, management, and portfolio company employees with those of shareholders.
Dimensional will evaluate equity plans on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the potential dilution to shareholders, the portfolio company's historical use of equity, and the particular plan features.
Executive Remuneration
Dimensional supports remuneration for executives that is clearly linked to the portfolio company's performance. Remuneration should be designed to attract, retain and appropriately motivate and serve as a means to align the interests of executives with those of shareholders.
Dimensional expects portfolio companies to structure executive compensation in a manner that does not insulate management from the consequences of failures of risk oversight and management. Dimensional typically supports clawback provisions in executive compensation plans as a way to mitigate risk of excessive risk taking by executives at portfolio companies.
Dimensional supports remuneration plan metrics that are quantifiable and clearly tied to company strategy and the creation of shareholder value. The use of standard financial metrics, for example, metrics based on generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") or international financial reporting standards, when determining executive
A-3
pay is generally considered by Dimensional to be preferable. The use of non-standard metrics, including those involving large non-GAAP adjustments, result in less transparency for investors and may lead to artificially high executive pay. In evaluating a portfolio company's executive compensation, Dimensional considers whether the portfolio company is disclosing what each metric is intended to capture, how performance is measured, what targets have been set, and performance against those targets. While environmental and social (E&S) issues may be material for shareholder value, Dimensional believes linking E&S metrics to executive pay in a quantifiable and transparent manner can present particular challenges. Dimensional will seek to focus on the rigor of E&S metrics and will seek to scrutinize payouts made under these metrics, particularly when there has been underperformance against other metrics tied to financial performance or shareholder value.
To the extent that remuneration is clearly excessive and not aligned with the portfolio company's performance or other factors, Dimensional would not support such remuneration. Additionally, Dimensional expects portfolio companies to strive to follow local market practices with regards to the specific elements of remuneration and the overall structure of the remuneration plan.
Therefore, Dimensional reviews proposals seeking approval of a portfolio company's executive remuneration plan closely, taking into account the quantum of pay, portfolio company performance, and the structure of the plan.
In markets where components of executive remuneration, such as performance rights or options, are required to be subject to a separate shareholder vote, Dimensional will consider these proposals in line with the principles above.
Director Remuneration
Dimensional will generally support director remuneration at portfolio companies that is reasonable in both size and composition relative to industry and market norms.
Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A)
Dimensional's primary consideration in evaluating mergers and acquisitions is maximizing shareholder value. Given that Dimensional believes market prices reflect future expected cash flows, an important consideration is the price reaction to the announcement, and the extent to which the deal represents a premium to the pre-announcement price. Dimensional will also consider the strategic rationale, potential conflicts of interest, and the possibility of competing offers.
Dimensional may vote against deals where there are concerns with the acquisition process or where there appear to be significant conflicts of interest.
Capitalization
Dimensional will vote case-by-case on proposals related to portfolio company share issuances, taking into account the purpose for which the shares will be used, the risk to shareholders of not approving the request, and the dilution to existing shareholders.
Unequal Voting Rights
Dimensional opposes the creation of share structures that provide for unequal voting rights, including dual class stock with unequal voting rights or mechanisms such as loyalty shares that may skew economic ownership and voting rights within the same class of shares, and will generally vote against proposals to create or continue such structures. On a case-by-case basis, Dimensional may also vote against directors at portfolio companies that adopt or maintain such structures without shareholder approval post-IPO or adopted such structures prior to, or in connection with, an IPO.
Say on Climate
Dimensional will generally vote against management and shareholder proposals to introduce say on climate votes, which propose that companies' climate-risk management plans are put to a recurring advisory shareholder vote. Dimensional believes that strategic planning, including mitigation of climate-related risks and oversight of opportunities presented by potential climate change is the responsibility of the portfolio company board and should not be delegated or transferred to shareholders. If a portfolio company's climate-risk management plan is put to a shareholder vote then Dimensional will generally vote against the plan, regardless of the level of detail contained in the plan, to indicate our opposition to the delegation of oversight implied by such votes. If Dimensional observes that a portfolio company board is failing to adequately guard shareholder value through strategic planning, Dimensional may vote against directors.
A-4
Shareholder Proposals
Dimensional's goal when voting on portfolio company shareholder proposals is to support those proposals that protect or enhance shareholder value through improved board accountability, improved policies and procedures, or improved disclosure.
Dimensional will typically vote with management on environmental and social (E&S) shareholder proposals. In certain circumstances, including if the E&S matter may have a material impact on the portfolio company, Dimensional may determine a case-by-case analysis is warranted, in which case we will consider if supporting the proposal is likely to provide shareholders with meaningful information about a portfolio company's handling of environmental or social risk through improved board accountability, improved policies or procedures, or improved disclosures.
Virtual Meetings
Dimensional does not oppose the use of virtual-only meetings if shareholders are provided with the same rights and opportunities as available during a physical meeting, including:
· The ability to see and hear portfolio company representatives;
· The ability to ask questions of portfolio company representatives; and
· The ability to see or hear questions submitted to portfolio company representatives by other shareholders, including those questions not answered by portfolio company representatives.
Disclosure of Vote Results
Dimensional expects detailed disclosure of voting results. In cases where vote results have not been disclosed within a reasonable time frame, Dimensional may vote against individual directors, committee members, or the full board of a portfolio company.
Disclosure of Meeting Materials
Dimensional expects timely disclosure of meeting notice and materials. Dimensional may vote against individual directors or committee members if disclosure is not made with sufficient time for shareholders to consider the materials prior to the shareholder meeting.
Voting Guidelines for Environmental and Social Matters
Dimensional believes that portfolio company boards are responsible for addressing material environmental and social risks within their duties. If a portfolio company is unresponsive to environmental or social risks that may have material economic ramifications for shareholders, Dimensional may vote against directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, or may vote in favor of related shareholder proposals consistent with Dimensional's general approach to such E&S proposals. Dimensional may communicate with portfolio companies to better understand the alignment of the interests of boards and management with those of shareholders on these topics.
Evaluating Disclosure of Material Environmental or Social Risks
Dimensional generally believes that information about the oversight and mitigation of material environmental or social risks should be disclosed by portfolio companies. Dimensional generally expects the disclosure regarding oversight and mitigation to include:
· A description of material risks.
· A description of the process for identifying and prioritizing such risks and how frequently it occurs.
· The policies and procedures governing the handling of each material risk.
· A description of the management-level roles/groups involved in oversight and mitigation of each material risk.
A-5
· A description of the metrics used to assess the effectiveness of mitigating each material risk, and the frequency at which performance against these metrics is assessed.
· A description of how the board is informed of material risks and the progress against relevant metrics.
In certain instances where Dimensional determines that disclosure by a portfolio company is insufficient for a shareholder to be able to adequately assess the relevant risks facing a portfolio company, or where a portfolio company has faced a material controversy in relation to the issue, Dimensional may, on a case-by-case basis, vote against individual directors, committee members, or the entire board, or may vote in favor of related shareholder proposals consistent with Dimensional's general approach to such proposals.
Political and Lobbying Activities
Dimensional expects boards of portfolio companies to exercise oversight of political and lobbying-related expenditures and ensure that such spending is in line with shareholder interests.
In evaluating a portfolio company's policies related to political and lobbying expenditure, Dimensional expects the following practices:
· The board to adopt policies and procedures to oversee political and lobbying expenditures;
· The details of the board oversight, including the policies and procedures governing such expenditures, to be disclosed publicly; and
· That board oversight of political and lobbying activities, such as spending, should include ensuring that the portfolio company's publicly stated positions are in alignment with its related activities and spending.
Human Capital Management
Dimensional expects boards of portfolio companies to exercise oversight of human capital management issues. Dimensional expects portfolio companies to disclose sufficient information for shareholders to understand the policies, procedures, and personnel a portfolio company has in place to address issues related to human capital management. This disclosure should include the portfolio company's human capital management goals in key areas, such as compensation, employee health and wellness, employee training and development, and workforce composition, as well as the metrics by which the portfolio company assesses performance against these goals.
Climate-Related Risks
Dimensional expects boards of portfolio companies to exercise oversight of climate-related risks that may have a material impact on the portfolio company. Climate-related risks may include physical risks from changing weather patterns and/or transitional risks from changes in regulation or consumer preferences. Dimensional expects portfolio companies to disclose information on their handling of these risks, to the extent those risks may have a material impact on the portfolio company. Disclosure should include:
· The specific risks identified.
· The potential impact these risks could have on the portfolio company's business, operations, or strategy.
· Whether the risks are overseen by a specific committee or the full board.
· The frequency with which the board or responsible board committee receives updates on the risks and the types of information reviewed.
· The management-level roles/groups responsible for managing these risks.
· The metrics used to assess the handling of these risks, how they are calculated, and the reason for their selection, particularly when the metrics recommended by a recognized third-party framework, such as Task Force for Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), or Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Standards, are not being used.
· Targets used by the portfolio company to manage climate-related risks and performance against those targets.
A-6
Human Rights
Dimensional expects portfolio company boards to exercise oversight of human rights issues that could pose a material risk to the business, including forced labor, child labor, privacy, freedom of expression, and land and water rights. Dimensional expects portfolio companies to disclose information on their handling of these risks, to the extent those risks may have a material impact on the portfolio company. Disclosure should include:
· The specific risks identified
· The potential impact these risks could have on the portfolio company's business, operations, or strategy
· Whether the risks are overseen by a specific committee or the full board
· The frequency with which the board or responsible board committee receives updates on the risks and the types of information reviewed
· Details on how the portfolio company monitors human rights throughout the organization and supply chain, including the scope and frequency of audits and how instances of non-compliance are resolved
· The policies governing human rights throughout the organization and supply chain and the extent to which the policy aligns with recognized global frameworks such as the UN's Guiding Principles on Human Rights and the OECD's Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
· Details of violations of the policy and corrective action taken
Technology
Dimensional expects portfolio company boards to exercise oversight of the use of technology, including artificial intelligence (AI), throughout and disclose information of their handling of any associated risks, to the extent such risks could be material to the business. With respect to cybersecurity risks in particular, disclosure should include:
· Policies and procedures to manage cybersecurity risk and identify cybersecurity incidents
· The role of management in implementing cybersecurity policies and procedures
· The role of the board in overseeing cybersecurity risk and the process by which the board is informed of incidents.
· Material cybersecurity incidents and remedial actions taken.
Evaluation Framework for U.S. Listed Companies
Director Elections:
Uncontested Director Elections
Shareholders elect the board of a portfolio company to represent their interests and oversee management and expect boards to adopt policies and practices that align the interests of the board and management with those of shareholders and limit the potential for conflicts of interest.
One of the most important measures aimed at ensuring that portfolio company shareholders' interests are represented is an independent board of directors, made up of individuals with the diversity of backgrounds, experiences, and skill-sets needed to effectively oversee management and manage risk. Dimensional expects portfolio company boards to be majority independent and key committees to be fully independent.
Dimensional believes shareholders should have a say in who represents their interests and portfolio companies should be responsive to shareholder concerns. Dimensional may vote against or withhold votes from individual directors, committee members, or the full board, and may also vote against such directors when they serve on other portfolio company boards, in the following situations:
· The continued service of directors who failed to receive the support of a majority of shareholders (regardless of whether the portfolio company uses a majority or plurality vote standard).
A-7
· Failure to adequately respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals.
Contested Director Elections
In the case of contested board elections at portfolio companies, Dimensional takes a case-by-case approach. With the goal of maximizing shareholder value, Dimensional considers the qualifications of the nominees, the likelihood that each side can accomplish their stated plans, the portfolio company's corporate governance practices, the incumbent board's history of responsiveness to shareholders, and the market's reaction to the contest.
Board Structure and Composition:
Age and Term Limits
Dimensional believes it is the responsibility of a portfolio company's nominating committee to ensure that the portfolio company's board of directors is composed of individuals with the skills needed to effectively oversee management and will generally oppose proposals seeking to impose age or term limits for directors.
That said, portfolio companies should clearly disclose their director evaluation and board refreshment policies in their proxy. Lack of healthy turnover on the board of a portfolio company or lack of observable diversity on a portfolio company board may lead Dimensional to scrutinize the rigor of a portfolio company's board refreshment process.
CEO/Chair
Dimensional believes that the portfolio company boards are responsible for determining whether the separation of roles is appropriate and adequately protects the interests of shareholders.
At portfolio companies with a combined CEO/Chair, Dimensional expects the board to appoint a lead independent director with specific responsibilities, including the setting of meeting agendas, to seek to ensure the board is able to act independently.
Recent environmental, social, and governance controversies resulting from inadequate board oversight may be taken into account when voting on shareholder proposals seeking the separation of the roles of CEO and Chair at a portfolio company.
Governance Practices:
Classified Boards
Dimensional believes director votes are an important mechanism to increase board accountability to shareholders. Dimensional therefore advocates for boards at portfolio companies to give shareholders the right to vote on the entire slate of directors on an annual basis.
Dimensional will generally support proposals to declassify existing boards at portfolio companies and will generally oppose efforts by portfolio companies to adopt classified board structures, in which only part of the board is elected each year.
Dimensional will generally vote against or withhold votes from incumbent directors at portfolio companies that adopt a classified board without shareholder approval. Dimensional may also vote against or withhold votes from directors at portfolio companies that adopt classified boards prior to or in connection with an IPO, unless accompanied by a reasonable sunset provision.
Dual Classes of Stock
Dual class share structures are generally seen as detrimental to shareholder rights, as they are accompanied by unequal voting rights. Dimensional believes in the principle of one share, one vote.
Dimensional opposes the creation of dual-class share structures with unequal voting rights at portfolio companies and will generally vote against proposals to create or continue dual-class capital structures.
Dimensional will generally vote against or withhold votes from directors at portfolio companies that adopt a dual-class structure without shareholder approval after the portfolio company's IPO. Dimensional will generally vote against or withhold votes from directors for implementation of a dual-class structure prior to or in connection with an IPO, unless accompanied by a reasonable sunset provision.
A-8
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Dimensional believes that the affirmative vote of a majority of shareholders of a portfolio company should be sufficient to approve items such as bylaw amendments and mergers. Dimensional will generally vote against proposals seeking to implement a supermajority vote requirement and for shareholder proposals seeking the adoption of a majority vote standard.
Dimensional will generally vote against or withhold votes from incumbent directors at portfolio companies that adopt a supermajority vote requirement without shareholder approval. Dimensional may also vote against or withhold votes from directors at portfolio companies that adopt supermajority vote requirements prior to or in connection with an IPO, unless accompanied by a reasonable sunset provision.
Shareholder Rights Plans (Poison Pills)
Dimensional generally opposes poison pills. As a result, Dimensional may vote against the adoption of a pill and all directors at a portfolio company that put a pill in place without first obtaining shareholder approval. Votes against (or withheld votes from) directors may extend beyond the portfolio company that adopted the pill, to all boards the directors serve on.
Cumulative Voting
Under cumulative voting, each shareholder is entitled to the number of his or her shares multiplied by the number of directors to be elected. Shareholders have the flexibility to allocate their votes among directors in the proportion they see fit, including casting all their votes for one director. This is particularly impactful in the election of dissident candidates to the board in the event of a proxy contest.
Dimensional will typically support proposals that provide for cumulative voting and against proposals to eliminate cumulative voting unless the portfolio company has demonstrated that there are adequate safeguards in place, such as proxy access and majority voting.
Majority Voting
For the election of directors, portfolio companies may adopt either a majority or plurality vote standard. In a plurality vote standard, the directors with the most votes are elected. If the number of directors up for election is equal to the number of board seats, each director only needs to receive one vote in order to be elected. In a majority vote standard, in order to be elected, a director must receive the support of a majority of shares voted or present at the meeting.
Dimensional supports a majority (rather than plurality) voting standard for uncontested director elections at portfolio companies. The majority vote standard should be accompanied by a director resignation policy to address failed elections.
To account for contested director elections, portfolio companies with a majority vote standard should include a carve-out for plurality voting in situations where there are more nominees than seats.
Right to Call Meetings and Act by Written Consent
Dimensional will generally support the right of shareholders to call special meetings of a portfolio company board (if they own 25% of shares outstanding) and take action by written consent.
Proxy Access
Dimensional will typically support management and shareholder proposals for proxy access that allow a shareholder (or group of shareholders) holding three percent of voting power for three years to nominate up to 25 percent of a portfolio company board. Dimensional will typically vote against proposals that are more restrictive than these guidelines.
Amend Bylaws/Charters
Dimensional believes that shareholders should have the right to amend a portfolio company's bylaws. Dimensional will generally vote against or withhold votes from incumbent directors at portfolio companies that place substantial restrictions on shareholders' ability to amend bylaws through excessive ownership requirements for submitting proposals or restrictions on the types of issues that can be amended.
A-9
Exclusive Forum
Dimensional is generally supportive of management proposals at portfolio companies to adopt an exclusive forum for shareholder litigation.
Indemnification and Exculpation of Directors and Officers
Dimensional intends to evaluate proposals seeking to enact or expand indemnification or exculpation provisions on a case-by-case basis considering board rationale and specific provisions being proposed.
Advance Notice Provisions
Portfolio company bylaw amendments known as "advance notice provisions" set out the steps shareholders must follow when submitting an item for inclusion on the agenda of a shareholder meeting. These provisions may serve as an entrenchment device that can result in reduced accountability at the board level in cases where they impose onerous requirements on shareholders wishing to submit a nominee for the board of directors. When evaluating advanced notice provisions, whether for the submission of a shareholder candidate or the submission of other permissible proposals, Dimensional generally does not support provisions that:
· Require shareholder-nominated candidates to disclose information that is not required for new board-nominated candidates
· Impose unduly burdensome disclosure requirements on shareholder proponents
· Significantly limit the time period shareholders have to submit proposals or nominees
Dimensional may vote against or withhold votes from directors who adopt such provisions without shareholder approval.
Executive and Director Compensation:
Equity-Based Compensation
Dimensional supports the adoption of equity plans that align the interests of portfolio company board, management, and portfolio company employees with those of shareholders.
Dimensional will evaluate equity plans on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the potential dilution to shareholders, the portfolio company's historical use of equity, and the particular plan features.
Dimensional will typically vote against plans that have features that have a negative impact on shareholders of portfolio companies. Such features include single-trigger or discretionary vesting, an overly broad definition of change in control, a lack of minimum vesting periods for grants, evergreen provisions, and the ability to reprice shares without shareholder approval.
Dimensional may also vote against equity plans if problematic equity grant practices have contributed to a pay for performance misalignment at the portfolio company.
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Dimensional will generally support qualified employee stock purchase plans (as defined by Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code), provided that the purchase price is no less than 85 percent of market value, the number of shares reserved for the plan is no more than ten percent of outstanding shares, and the offering period is no more than 27 months.
Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Say on Pay)
Dimensional supports reasonable compensation for executives that is clearly linked to the portfolio company's performance. Compensation should serve as a means to align the interests of executives with those of shareholders. To the extent that compensation is excessive, it represents a transfer to management of shareholder wealth. Therefore, Dimensional reviews proposals seeking approval of a portfolio company's executive compensation plan closely, taking into account the quantum of pay, portfolio company performance, and the structure of the plan.
Certain practices, such as:
· multi-year guaranteed bonuses
A-10
· excessive severance agreements (particularly those that vest without involuntary job loss or diminution of duties or those with excise-tax gross-ups)
· single, or the same, metrics used for both short-term and long-term executive compensation plans
may encourage excessive risk-taking by executives at portfolio companies and are generally opposed by Dimensional.
At portfolio companies that have a history of problematic pay practices or excessive compensation, Dimensional will consider the portfolio company's responsiveness to shareholders' concerns and may vote against or withhold votes from members of the Compensation Committee if these concerns have not been addressed.
Frequency of Say on Pay
Executive compensation in the United States is typically composed of three parts: 1) base salary; 2) cash bonuses based on annual performance (short-term incentive awards); 3) and equity awards based on performance over a multi-year period (long-term incentive awards).
Dimensional supports triennial say on pay because it allows for a longer-term assessment of whether compensation was adequately linked to portfolio company performance. This is particularly important in situations where a portfolio company makes significant changes to their long-term incentive awards, as the effectiveness of such changes in aligning pay and performance cannot be determined in a single year.
If there are serious concerns about a portfolio company's compensation plan in a year where the plan is not on the ballot, Dimensional may vote against or withhold votes from members of the Compensation Committee.
Executive Severance Agreements (Golden Parachutes)
Dimensional analyzes golden parachute proposals on a case-by-case basis.
Dimensional expects payments to be reasonable on both an absolute basis and relative to the value of the transaction. Dimensional will typically vote against agreements with cash severance of more than 3x salary and bonus.
Dimensional expects vesting of equity to be contingent on both a change in control and a subsequent involuntary termination of the employee ("double-trigger change in control").
Corporate Actions:
Reincorporation
Dimensional will evaluate reincorporation proposals on a case-by-case basis.
Dimensional may vote against reincorporations if the move would result in a substantial diminution of shareholder rights at the portfolio company.
Capitalization:
Increase Authorized Shares
Dimensional will vote case-by-case on proposals seeking to increase common or preferred stock of a portfolio company, taking into account the purpose for which the shares will be used and the risk to shareholders of not approving the request.
Dimensional will typically vote against requests for common or preferred stock issuances that are excessively dilutive relative to common market practice.
Dimensional will typically vote against proposals at portfolio companies with multiple share classes to increase the number of shares of the class with superior voting rights.
Blank Check Preferred Stock
Blank check preferred stock is stock that can be issued at the discretion of the board, with the voting, conversion, distribution, and other rights determined by the board at the time of issue. Therefore, blank check preferred stock can potentially serve as means to entrench management and prevent takeovers at portfolio companies.
A-11
To mitigate concerns regarding what Dimensional believes is the inappropriate use of blank check preferred stock, Dimensional expects portfolio companies seeking approval for blank preferred stock to clearly state that the shares will not be used for anti-takeover purposes.
Share Repurchases
Dimensional will generally support open-market share repurchase plans that allow all shareholders to participate on equal terms. Portfolio companies that use metrics such as earnings per share (EPS) in their executive compensation plans should ensure that the impact of such repurchases are taken into account when determining payouts.
Shareholder Proposals:
In instances where a shareholder proposal is excluded from the meeting agenda, Dimensional expects the portfolio company to provide shareholders with substantive disclosure concerning this exclusion. In certain instances, Dimensional may vote against or withhold votes from certain directors on a case-by-case basis if such disclosure is lacking.
Evaluation Framework for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) Listed Companies
Continental Europe:
Director Election Guidelines
· Portfolio company boards should be majority independent (excluding shareholder or employee representatives as provided by law); however, lower levels of board independence may be acceptable in controlled companies and in those markets where local best practice indicates that at least one-third of the board be independent.
· A majority of audit and remuneration committee members (excluding shareholder or employee representatives as provided by law) should be independent; the committees overall should be at least one-third independent.
· Executives should generally not serve on audit and remuneration committees.
· The CEO and board chair roles should generally be separate.
· Portfolio companies should comply with Directive (EU) 2022/2381 (Gender Balance on Boards of Certain Companies) Regulation 2025 to the extent transposed into national law, relevant listing rules, corporate governance codes, and market best practices with regards to board composition.
Remuneration Guidelines
Dimensional expects annual remuneration reports published by portfolio companies pursuant to the Shareholder Rights Directive II to disclose, at a minimum:
· The amount paid to executives;
· Alignment between pay and performance;
· The targets used for variable incentive plans and the ex-post levels achieved; and
· The rationale for any discretion applied.
Other Market Specific Guidelines for Continental Europe
· In Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands, Dimensional will generally vote against the appointment of a former CEO as chairman of the board of directors or supervisory board of a portfolio company.
United Kingdom:
Dimensional expects portfolio companies to follow the applicable requirements of the FCA Listing Rules, the UK Corporate Governance Code, and market best practice with regards to board and committee composition. When evaluating portfolio company boards Dimensional will also consider the recommendations of the FTSE Women Leaders and Parker Reviews with regards to board composition.
A-12
Dimensional expects companies to align their remuneration with the requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code and to consider best practices such as those set forth in the Investment Association Principles of Remuneration.
With respect to capital structure, Dimensional will consider expectations set forth in the Investment Association's Share Capital Management Guidelines and the Pre-Emption Group Statement of Principles and the Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association Guidelines.
Ireland:
Dimensional expects Irish-incorporated portfolio companies with their primary listing on Euronext Dublin to follow the requirements of the Irish Corporate Governance Code.
Dimensional expects Irish-incorporated companies to follow the requirements of S.I. No. 215/2015 - European Union (Gender Balance on Boards of Certain Companies) Regulations 2025 with respect to evaluating board composition.
South Africa:
Dimensional expects portfolio companies to follow the recommendations of the King Report on Corporate Governance (King Code IV) with regards to board and committee composition.
Framework for Evaluating Australia and New Zealand-Listed Companies
Uncontested Director Elections
Shareholders elect the board of a portfolio company to represent their interests and oversee management and expect portfolio company boards to adopt policies and practices that align the interests of the board and management with those of shareholders and limit the potential for conflicts of interest.
One of the most important measures aimed at ensuring that portfolio company shareholders' interests are represented is an independent board of directors, made up of individuals with the diversity of backgrounds, experiences, and skill-sets needed to effectively oversee management and manage risk. Dimensional expects portfolio company boards to be majority independent.
Dimensional believes that key audit and remuneration committees should be composed of independent directors. Dimensional will generally vote against executive directors of the portfolio company who serve on the audit committee or who serve on the remuneration committee if the remuneration committee is not majority independent.
When evaluating portfolio company boards, Dimensional will consider the ASX Corporate Governance Council Principles and Recommendations and the NZX Corporate Governance Code, respectively, with respect to board composition. Additionally, Dimensional will generally vote against individual directors or committee members at portfolio companies with no female representation on the board. At companies listed on the S&P/NZX 20, Dimensional generally expects at least 30 percent board female representation.
CEO/Chair
Dimensional expects Australian and New Zealand portfolio companies to separate the CEO and board chair roles, with the board chair being an independent director, in line with the expectations set forth in the ASX Corporate Governance Council Principles and Recommendations and the NZX Corporate Governance Code, respectively.
Auditors
Neither Australian nor New Zealand law requires the annual ratification of auditors; therefore, concerns with a portfolio company's audit practices will be reflected in votes against members of the audit committee in both markets.
Dimensional may vote against audit committee members at a portfolio company if there are concerns with the auditor's independence, the accuracy of the auditor's report, the level of non-audit fees, or if lack of disclosure makes it difficult to assess these factors.
Dimensional may also vote against audit committee members in instances of fraud or material failures in oversight of audit functions.
A-13
Share Issuances
Dimensional will evaluate requests for share issuances on a case-by-case basis, taking into account factors such as the impact on current shareholders and the rationale for the request.
When voting on approval of prior share distributions, at Australian and New Zealand portfolio companies, Dimensional will generally support prior issuances that conform to the dilution guidelines set out in ASX Listing Rule 7.1 and NZX Listing Rule 4, respectively.
Share Repurchase
Dimensional will evaluate requests for share repurchases on a case-by-case basis, taking into account factors such as the impact on current shareholders, the rationale for the request, and the portfolio company's history of repurchases. Dimensional expects repurchases to be made in arms-length transactions using independent third parties.
Dimensional may vote against portfolio company plans that do not include limitations on the portfolio company's ability to use the plan to repurchase shares from third parties at a premium and limitations on the use of share purchases as an anti-takeover device.
Constitution Amendments
Dimensional will evaluate requests for amendments to a portfolio company's constitution on a case-by-case basis. The primary consideration will be the impact on the rights of shareholders.
Non-Executive Director Remuneration
Dimensional will support non-executive director remuneration at portfolio companies that is reasonable in both size and composition relative to industry and market norms.
Dimensional will generally vote against components of non-executive director remuneration that are likely to impair a director's independence, such as options or performance-based remuneration.
Equity-Based Remuneration
Dimensional supports the adoption of equity plans that align the interests of the portfolio company board, management, and portfolio company employees with those of shareholders.
Companies should clearly disclose components of the plan, including vesting periods and performance hurdles.
Dimensional may vote against plans that are exceedingly dilutive to existing shareholders. Plans that permit retesting or repricing will generally be viewed unfavorably.
Dimensional may vote against the granting of equity-based awards, such as performance rights, stock options, and stock appreciation rights, to specific executives, including CEOs and Managing Directors, if also voting against the portfolio company's remuneration report under the analysis set forth in the Executive Remuneration section of the Global Framework.
Framework for Evaluating Japan-Listed Securities
Uncontested Director Elections
Shareholders elect the board of a portfolio company to represent their interests and oversee management and expect portfolio company boards to adopt policies and practices that align the interests of the board and management with those of shareholders and limit the potential for conflicts of interest.
One of the most important measures aimed at ensuring that portfolio company shareholders' interests are represented is an independent board of directors, made up of individuals with the diversity of backgrounds, experiences, and skill sets needed to effectively oversee management and manage risk. With respect to board composition, Dimensional may consider local market practice, including requirements under the Japan Corporate Governance Code, and may vote against directors if the board does not meet established market norms.
At portfolio companies with a three-committee structure, Dimensional expects at least one-third of the board to be outsiders. Ideally, the board should be majority independent. At portfolio companies with a three-committee structure that have a controlling shareholder, at least two directors and at least one-third of the board should be independent outsiders.
A-14
At portfolio companies with an audit committee structure, Dimensional expects at least one-third of the board to be outsiders. Ideally, the audit committee should be entirely independent; at minimum, any outside directors who serve on the committee should be independent. At portfolio companies with an audit committee structure that have a controlling shareholder, at least two directors and at least one-third of the board should be independent outsiders.
At portfolio companies with a statutory auditor structure, Dimensional expects at least two directors and at least one-third of the board to be outsiders. At portfolio companies with a statutory auditor structure that have a controlling shareholder, the board should be majority independent.
Statutory Auditors
Statutory auditors are responsible for effectively overseeing management and ensuring that decisions made are in the best interest of shareholders. Dimensional may vote against statutory auditors who are remiss in their responsibilities.
When voting on outside statutory auditors, Dimensional expects nominees to be independent and to have the capacity to fulfill the requirements of their role as evidenced by attendance at meetings of the board of directors or board of statutory auditors.
Director and Statutory Auditor Compensation
Dimensional will support compensation for portfolio company directors and statutory auditors that is reasonable in both size and composition relative to industry and market norms.
When requesting an increase to the level of director fees, Dimensional expects portfolio companies to provide a specific reason for the increase. Dimensional will generally support an increase of director fees if it is in conjunction with the introduction of performance-based compensation, or where the ceiling for performance-based compensation is being increased. Dimensional will generally not support an increase in director fees if there is evidence that the directors have been remiss in effectively overseeing management or ensuring that decisions made are in the best interest of shareholders.
Dimensional will typically support an increase to the statutory auditor compensation ceiling unless there is evidence that the statutory auditors have been remiss in effectively overseeing management or ensuring that decisions made are in the best interest of shareholders.
Dimensional will generally support the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio company directors and statutory auditors unless there is evidence the board or the statutory auditors have been remiss in effectively overseeing management or ensuring that decisions made are in the best interest of shareholders.
Dimensional generally supports the granting of retirement benefits to portfolio company insiders, so long as the individual payments, and aggregate amount of such payments, is disclosed.
Dimensional will generally vote against the granting of retirement bonuses if there is evidence the portfolio company board or statutory auditors have been remiss in effectively overseeing management or ensuring that decisions made are in the best interest of shareholders.
Equity Based Compensation
Dimensional supports the adoption of equity plans that align the interests of the portfolio company board, management, and portfolio company employees with those of shareholders.
Dimensional will typically support stock option plans to portfolio company executives and employees if total dilution from the proposed plans and previous plans does not exceed 5 percent for mature companies or 10 percent for growth companies.
Dimensional will generally vote against stock plans if upper limit of options that can be issued per year is not disclosed.
For deep-discounted stock option plans, Dimensional typically expects portfolio companies to disclose specific performance hurdles.
A-15
Capital Allocation
Dimensional will typically support well-justified dividend payouts that do not negatively impact the portfolio company's overall financial health.
Share Repurchase
Dimensional is typically supportive of portfolio company boards having discretion over share repurchases absent concerns with the portfolio company's balance sheet management, capital efficiency, buyback and dividend payout history, board composition, or shareholding structure.
Dimensional will typically support proposed repurchases that do not have a negative impact on shareholder value.
For repurchases of more than 10 percent of issue share capital, Dimensional expects the portfolio company to provide a robust explanation for the request.
Cross-Shareholding
Dimensional generally believes that portfolio companies should not allocate significant portions of their net assets to investments in companies for non-investment purposes. For example, in order to strengthen relationships with customers, suppliers, or borrowers. Such cross-shareholding, whether unilateral or reciprocal, can compromise director independence, entrench management, and reduce director accountability to uninterested shareholders. Dimensional may vote against certain directors at companies with excessive cross-shareholdings.
Shareholder Rights Plans (Poison Pills)
Dimensional believes the market for corporate control, which can result in acquisitions that are accretive to shareholders, should be able to function without undue restrictions. Takeover defenses such as poison pills can lead to entrenchment and reduced accountability at the board level.
Indemnification and Limitations on Liability
Dimensional generally supports limitations on liability for directors and statutory auditors in ordinary circumstances.
Limit Legal Liability of External Auditors
Dimensional generally opposes limitations on the liability of external auditors.
Increase in Authorized Capital
Dimensional will typically support requests for increases of less than 100 percent of currently authorized capital, so long as the increase does not leave the portfolio company with less than 30 percent of the proposed authorized capital outstanding.
For increases that exceed these guidelines, Dimensional expects portfolio companies to provide a robust explanation for the increase.
Dimensional will generally not support requests for increases that will be used as an anti-takeover device.
Expansion of Business Activities
For well performing portfolio companies seeking to expand their business into enterprises related to their core business, Dimensional will typically support management requests to amend the portfolio company's articles to expand the portfolio company's business activities.
Framework for Evaluating Securities in Other Select Asian Markets
Uncontested Director Elections
Dimensional expects portfolio companies to disclose biographical information about director candidates sufficient for shareholders to assess the candidate's independence and suitability for board service.
Dimensional expects that portfolio companies will at a minimum meet mandated regulatory or listing standards levels for board independence but should work towards meeting the applicable requirements of the relevant Corporate Governance code.
Dimensional maintains the following expectations for board independence at portfolio companies. The calculation of the level of independence will generally exclude shareholder or employee representatives as provided by law.
A-16
· All boards of directors of Malaysian portfolio companies should be at least 33% independent. Boards of directors of Malaysian "Large Companies" as defined by the Securities Commission Malaysia should be majority independent.
· Boards of directors of Indian and Singaporean portfolio companies should be at least 50% independent if the board chair is not independent. If the board chair is independent, the board of directors should be at least 33% independent.
· Boards of directors of Thai, Filipino, Hong Kong, Taiwanese and mainland China portfolio companies should be at least 33% independent.
· Boards of Commissioners of Indonesian portfolio companies should be at least 30% independent, except for banks, insurance companies, and financial institutions which should be 50% independent.
· Boards of directors of South Korean portfolio companies should be at least 25% independent. The board of directors of Large Companies, as defined by the Commercial Act of South Korea, should be majority independent.
Dimensional expects portfolios companies to follow applicable corporate governance codes, listing standards, and local market best practices with respect to board composition.
Director Remuneration
In most Asian markets, director remuneration generally consists of both fees and bonuses.
Dimensional will generally support the payment of fees for serving as a director, fees for attending meetings, and other market-permitted remuneration if the size of such fees and other director remuneration is reasonable relative to industry and market norms.
In the absence of specific proposals to approve director remuneration (including fees and bonuses), Dimensional may vote against the directors who receive such remuneration if concerns are identified.
Equity Based Remuneration
In most Asian markets, equity plans are developed and presented for shareholder approval as part of employee remuneration. Equity plans may consist of stock options, restricted shares, or performance shares.
When voting on stock-option plans, restricted share plans, and performance share plans, Dimensional will consider the extent to which the plan is performance based, the length of performance and vesting periods, and the treatment of equity upon a change in control.
For stock-option plans, if the plan provides for a discount to the market price, Dimensional will consider the reasonableness and rationale for such a discount in light of local market standards.
In instances where Dimensional has identified concerns with a portfolio company's equity plan or equity granting practices, Dimensional will generally oppose the extension of the plan to subsidiary or associate companies.
A-17