A single-market rising tide fails to lift all stock boats.

A single-market rising tide fails to lift all stock boats.

Global equity markets, as measured by the MSCI ACWI Index, recorded modest losses in U.S. dollar terms over the fourth quarter, but still finished in positive territory for the 2024 calendar year. Strength in the U.S. could not offset downturns in other developed countries and emerging markets, which declined significantly in U.S. dollar terms during the quarter. There was a brief, sharp rally in the U.S. in the first half of November in response to former President Donald Trump's victory in the presidential election, as investors expressed optimism that the new administration's proposed tax cuts and loosening of regulations will boost economic growth. All three major U.S. equity market indexes-the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the broad-market S&P 500 Index, and the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite Index-established record highs during the quarter. Among developed markets, Europe was particularly hard-hit amid concerns about political stability in France and Germany, as well as economic weakness. Emerging-market stocks lost ground due to investors' concerns about the potential impact of Trump's proposed tariffs on goods imported to the U.S., as well as disappointment regarding the Chinese government's fiscal stimulus.

North America, the only region to end the quarter in positive territory in U.S. dollar terms, was the top performer among developed markets, lifted by the rally in the U.S. Conversely, the Nordic countries were the weakest-performing developed markets due mainly to downturns in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. The significant underperformance of Europe was attributable mainly to weakness in Portugal and Ireland. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries led the emerging markets for the month, due largely to strength in the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait, which garnered positive returns for the quarter. The weakest-performing emerging markets for the month included Latin America and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), hampered mainly by market declines in Brazil and Indonesia, respectively.¹

Glossary of financial terms

• The federal-funds rate is the interest rate charged to lending institutions on unsecured overnight loans. It is set by the U.S. Federal Reserve's Federal Open Market Committee. The rate is increased when the Federal Reserve wants to discourage borrowing and slow the economy and decreased when the Federal Reserve wants to spur economic growth.
• Yield is the income returned on an investment, such as the interest received from holding a security. The yield is usually expressed as an annual percentage rate based on the investment's cost, current market value, or face value.
• Yield curve represents differences in yields across a range of maturities of bonds of the same issuer or credit rating (are (which is used to assess the risk of default of companies or countries). A steeper yield curve represents a greater difference between the yields. A flatter curve indicates that short- and long-term yields are closer together.
• An inverted yield curve occurs when short-term yields exceed long-term yields. While an inverted yield curve historically has predicted economic recessions, it is an indicator-not a forecast.
• Monetary policy refers to decisions by central banks to influence the amount of money and credit in the economy by managing the level of benchmark interest rates and the purchase or sale of securities. Central banks typically make policy decisions based on their mandates to target specific levels or ranges for inflation and employment.

Index descriptions

Disclosures

This material represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific point in time and is not intended to be a forecast of future events, or a guarantee of future results. This information should not be relied upon by the reader as research or investment advice regarding SEI's portfolios or any stock in particular, nor should it be construed as a recommendation to purchase or sell a security, including futures contracts.

There are risks involved with investing, including loss of principal. International investments may involve risk of capital loss from unfavorable fluctuation in currency values, from differences in generally accepted accounting principles or from economic or political instability in other nations. Emerging markets involve heightened risks related to the same factors as well as increased volatility and lower trading volume. Narrowly focused investments and smaller companies typically exhibit higher volatility. Bonds and bond funds will decrease in value as interest rates rise. High-yield bonds involve greater risks of default or downgrade and are more volatile than investment-grade securities, due to the speculative nature of their investments.

Diversification may not protect against market risk. Past performance does not guarantee future results. Index returns are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent actual portfolio performance. Index returns do not reflect any management fees, transaction costs or expenses. One cannot invest directly in an index.

Information provided by SEI Investments Management Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of SEI Investments Company (SEI).

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