02/10/2026 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 02/11/2026 12:09
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. |
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 |
| Contents |
| Chapter 1: The Outlook for Deficits and Debt |
| Table 1-1. CBO's Baseline Budget Projections, by Category |
| Table 1-2. CBO's Baseline Projections of Outlays and Deficits, Adjusted to Exclude the Effects of Timing Shifts |
| Table 1-3. CBO's Baseline Projections of Federal Debt |
| Table 1-4. Key Projections in CBO's Baseline |
| Chapter 3: The Spending Outlook |
| Table 3-1. CBO's Baseline Projections of Outlays |
| Table 3-2. CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Outlays, Adjusted to Exclude the Effects of Timing Shifts |
| Table 3-2, Unadjusted. CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Outlays |
| Table 3-3. Sources of Growth in CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Outlays From 2026 to 2036 |
| Table 3-4. Costs for Mandatory Programs That Continue Beyond Their Current Expiration Date in CBO's Baseline Projections |
| Table 3-5. Changes in Defense Discretionary Funding From 2025 to 2026 |
| Table 3-6. Changes in Nondefense Discretionary Funding From 2025 to 2026 |
| Table 3-7. CBO's Baseline Projections of Discretionary Spending, Adjusted to Exclude the Effects of Timing Shifts |
| Table 3-8. Budgetary Effects of Four Alternative Assumptions About Discretionary Funding |
| Box 3-2 Table. Effects of Sequestration on CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Spending |
| Chapter 5: Changes in CBO's Baseline Budget Projections Since January 2025 |
| Table 5-1. Changes in CBO's Baseline Projections of the Deficit Since January 2025 |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||||||||||
| Table 1-1. CBO's Baseline Budget Projections, by Category | ||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||
| Actual, | 2027- 2031 | 2027- 2036 | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | |||
| In billions of dollars | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||
| Individual income taxes | 2,656 | 2,751 | 2,947 | 3,044 | 3,193 | 3,339 | 3,461 | 3,594 | 3,744 | 3,903 | 4,072 | 4,249 | 15,985 | 35,546 |
| Payroll taxes | 1,748 | 1,826 | 1,897 | 1,970 | 2,048 | 2,132 | 2,216 | 2,302 | 2,389 | 2,478 | 2,570 | 2,666 | 10,263 | 22,667 |
| Corporate income taxes | 452 | 404 | 419 | 433 | 452 | 477 | 493 | 510 | 526 | 539 | 552 | 576 | 2,274 | 4,977 |
| Customs duties | 195 | 418 | 421 | 424 | 417 | 412 | 405 | 389 | 382 | 382 | 390 | 402 | 2,080 | 4,025 |
| Other | 183 | 197 | 201 | 201 | 209 | 235 | 293 | 334 | 351 | 368 | 388 | 408 | 1,139 | 2,988 |
| Total | 5,235 | 5,596 | 5,885 | 6,071 | 6,320 | 6,595 | 6,869 | 7,130 | 7,391 | 7,669 | 7,972 | 8,301 | 31,741 | 70,204 |
| On-budget | 3,951 | 4,245 | 4,481 | 4,614 | 4,804 | 5,019 | 5,232 | 5,430 | 5,629 | 5,843 | 6,080 | 6,340 | 24,150 | 53,473 |
| Off-budget | 1,284 | 1,350 | 1,404 | 1,458 | 1,516 | 1,576 | 1,638 | 1,699 | 1,762 | 1,826 | 1,892 | 1,961 | 7,591 | 16,731 |
| Outlays | ||||||||||||||
| Mandatory | 4,168 | 4,529 | 4,783 | 5,005 | 5,067 | 5,375 | 5,582 | 5,835 | 6,277 | 6,437 | 6,545 | 7,028 | 25,812 | 57,933 |
| Discretionary | 1,872 | 1,880 | 1,882 | 1,929 | 1,948 | 1,989 | 2,024 | 2,063 | 2,111 | 2,147 | 2,187 | 2,244 | 9,772 | 20,524 |
| Net interest | 970 | 1,039 | 1,108 | 1,218 | 1,324 | 1,432 | 1,548 | 1,670 | 1,784 | 1,904 | 2,019 | 2,144 | 6,630 | 16,152 |
| Total | 7,010 | 7,449 | 7,772 | 8,151 | 8,340 | 8,796 | 9,155 | 9,569 | 10,172 | 10,487 | 10,751 | 11,416 | 42,214 | 94,610 |
| On-budget | 5,578 | 5,928 | 6,151 | 6,426 | 6,513 | 6,864 | 7,113 | 7,409 | 7,911 | 8,125 | 8,286 | 8,847 | 33,066 | 73,644 |
| Off-budget | 1,432 | 1,521 | 1,621 | 1,725 | 1,827 | 1,932 | 2,043 | 2,160 | 2,261 | 2,363 | 2,465 | 2,569 | 9,147 | 20,965 |
| Total deficit (-) | -1,775 | -1,853 | -1,887 | -2,080 | -2,020 | -2,201 | -2,286 | -2,439 | -2,781 | -2,819 | -2,779 | -3,115 | -10,473 | -24,406 |
| On-budget | -1,628 | -1,682 | -1,670 | -1,812 | -1,709 | -1,845 | -1,881 | -1,979 | -2,281 | -2,282 | -2,206 | -2,507 | -8,916 | -20,171 |
| Off-budget | -148 | -171 | -218 | -267 | -311 | -356 | -405 | -460 | -499 | -537 | -573 | -608 | -1,557 | -4,235 |
| Primary deficit (-) | -805 | -814 | -779 | -862 | -695 | -769 | -737 | -769 | -996 | -915 | -760 | -971 | -3,843 | -8,254 |
| Debt held by the public | 30,172 | 32,095 | 34,005 | 36,093 | 38,103 | 40,280 | 42,528 | 44,922 | 47,644 | 50,394 | 53,103 | 56,152 | n.a. | n.a. |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||||
| GDP | 30,362 | 31,902 | 33,315 | 34,666 | 36,010 | 37,391 | 38,813 | 40,277 | 41,796 | 43,373 | 45,012 | 46,712 | 180,195 | 397,364 |
| As a percentage of GDP | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues | ||||||||||||||
| Individual income taxes | 8.7 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 8.9 |
| Payroll taxes | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Corporate income taxes | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Customs duties | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| Other | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Total | 17.2 | 17.5 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 17.8 | 17.6 | 17.7 |
| On-budget | 13.0 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.5 | 13.6 | 13.4 | 13.5 |
| Off-budget | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
| Outlays | ||||||||||||||
| Mandatory | 13.7 | 14.2 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 14.3 | 14.6 |
| Discretionary | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 |
| Net interest | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 4.1 |
| Total | 23.1 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.5 | 23.2 | 23.5 | 23.6 | 23.8 | 24.3 | 24.2 | 23.9 | 24.4 | 23.4 | 23.8 |
| On-budget | 18.4 | 18.6 | 18.5 | 18.5 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 18.3 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 18.7 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 18.4 | 18.5 |
| Off-budget | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
| Total deficit (-) | -5.8 | -5.8 | -5.7 | -6.0 | -5.6 | -5.9 | -5.9 | -6.1 | -6.7 | -6.5 | -6.2 | -6.7 | -5.8 | -6.1 |
| On-budget | -5.4 | -5.3 | -5.0 | -5.2 | -4.7 | -4.9 | -4.8 | -4.9 | -5.5 | -5.3 | -4.9 | -5.4 | -4.9 | -5.1 |
| Off-budget | -0.5 | -0.5 | -0.7 | -0.8 | -0.9 | -1.0 | -1.0 | -1.1 | -1.2 | -1.2 | -1.3 | -1.3 | -0.9 | -1.1 |
| Primary deficit (-) | -2.7 | -2.6 | -2.3 | -2.5 | -1.9 | -2.1 | -1.9 | -1.9 | -2.4 | -2.1 | -1.7 | -2.1 | -2.1 | -2.1 |
| Debt held by the public | 99.4 | 100.6 | 102.1 | 104.1 | 105.8 | 107.7 | 109.6 | 111.5 | 114.0 | 116.2 | 118.0 | 120.2 | n.a. | n.a. |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||||||||
| Table 1-2. CBO's Baseline Projections of Outlays and Deficits, Adjusted to Exclude the Effects of Timing Shifts | ||||||||||||
| Actual | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | |
| In billions of dollars | ||||||||||||
| Adjustments to exclude effects of timing shifts | 0 | 0 | 0 | -124 | 124 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -166 | -12 | 178 | 0 |
| Outlays, adjusted | ||||||||||||
| Mandatory | 4,168 | 4,529 | 4,783 | 4,887 | 5,185 | 5,375 | 5,582 | 5,835 | 6,117 | 6,425 | 6,716 | 7,028 |
| Discretionary | 1,872 | 1,880 | 1,882 | 1,923 | 1,954 | 1,989 | 2,024 | 2,063 | 2,105 | 2,147 | 2,194 | 2,244 |
| Net interest | 970 | 1,039 | 1,108 | 1,218 | 1,324 | 1,432 | 1,548 | 1,670 | 1,784 | 1,904 | 2,019 | 2,144 |
| Total | 7,010 | 7,449 | 7,772 | 8,028 | 8,463 | 8,796 | 9,155 | 9,569 | 10,006 | 10,475 | 10,929 | 11,416 |
| Total deficit (-), adjusted | -1,775 | -1,853 | -1,887 | -1,956 | -2,143 | -2,201 | -2,286 | -2,439 | -2,615 | -2,806 | -2,957 | -3,115 |
| Primary deficit (-), adjusted | -805 | -814 | -779 | -738 | -819 | -769 | -737 | -769 | -830 | -903 | -938 | -971 |
| As a percentage of GDP | ||||||||||||
| Outlays, adjusted | ||||||||||||
| Mandatory | 13.7 | 14.2 | 14.4 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 15.0 |
| Discretionary | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
| Net interest | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
| Total | 23.1 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.2 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 23.6 | 23.8 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 24.3 | 24.4 |
| Total deficit (-), adjusted | -5.8 | -5.8 | -5.7 | -5.6 | -6.0 | -5.9 | -5.9 | -6.1 | -6.3 | -6.5 | -6.6 | -6.7 |
| Primary deficit (-), adjusted | -2.7 | -2.6 | -2.3 | -2.1 | -2.3 | -2.1 | -1.9 | -1.9 | -2.0 | -2.1 | -2.1 | -2.1 |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||
| Baseline deficit (-), unadjusted | ||||||||||||
| In billions of dollars | -1,775 | -1,853 | -1,887 | -2,080 | -2,020 | -2,201 | -2,286 | -2,439 | -2,781 | -2,819 | -2,779 | -3,115 |
| As a percentage of GDP | -5.8 | -5.8 | -5.7 | -6.0 | -5.6 | -5.9 | -5.9 | -6.1 | -6.7 | -6.5 | -6.2 | -6.7 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||||||||
| Table 1-3. CBO's Baseline Projections of Federal Debt | ||||||||||||
| Billions of dollars | ||||||||||||
| Actual, 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | |
| Debt held by the public at the beginning of the year | 28,196 | 30,172 | 32,095 | 34,005 | 36,093 | 38,103 | 40,280 | 42,528 | 44,922 | 47,644 | 50,394 | 53,103 |
| Changes in debt held by the public | ||||||||||||
| Resulting from the deficit | 1,775 | 1,853 | 1,887 | 2,080 | 2,020 | 2,201 | 2,286 | 2,439 | 2,781 | 2,819 | 2,779 | 3,115 |
| Resulting from other means of financing | 201 | 70 | 22 | 9 | -10 | -24 | -37 | -45 | -59 | -69 | -70 | -66 |
| Total | 1,977 | 1,923 | 1,909 | 2,088 | 2,010 | 2,177 | 2,249 | 2,394 | 2,722 | 2,750 | 2,709 | 3,049 |
| Debt held by the public at the end of the year | ||||||||||||
| In billions of dollars | 30,172 | 32,095 | 34,005 | 36,093 | 38,103 | 40,280 | 42,528 | 44,922 | 47,644 | 50,394 | 53,103 | 56,152 |
| As a percentage of GDP | 99.4 | 100.6 | 102.1 | 104.1 | 105.8 | 107.7 | 109.6 | 111.5 | 114.0 | 116.2 | 118.0 | 120.2 |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||
| Federal financial assets | 2,259 | 2,329 | 2,351 | 2,360 | 2,350 | 2,327 | 2,290 | 2,244 | 2,185 | 2,116 | 2,047 | 1,981 |
| Debt minus financial assets | ||||||||||||
| In billions of dollars | 27,913 | 29,766 | 31,653 | 33,733 | 35,752 | 37,953 | 40,239 | 42,678 | 45,459 | 48,277 | 51,056 | 54,172 |
| As a percentage of GDP | 91.9 | 93.3 | 95.0 | 97.3 | 99.3 | 101.5 | 103.7 | 106.0 | 108.8 | 111.3 | 113.4 | 116.0 |
| Federal Reserve's holdings of debt held by the public | 4,201 | 4,540 | 4,973 | 5,484 | 6,048 | 6,595 | 7,067 | 7,537 | 8,004 | 8,496 | 8,981 | 9,466 |
| Debt minus financial assets and Federal Reserve's holdings | ||||||||||||
| In billions of dollars | 23,712 | 25,226 | 26,680 | 28,249 | 29,704 | 31,358 | 33,172 | 35,141 | 37,455 | 39,782 | 42,075 | 44,706 |
| As a percentage of GDP | 78.1 | 79.1 | 80.1 | 81.5 | 82.5 | 83.9 | 85.5 | 87.2 | 89.6 | 91.7 | 93.5 | 95.7 |
| Gross federal debt | 37,373 | 39,430 | 41,279 | 43,297 | 45,192 | 47,192 | 49,218 | 51,480 | 54,379 | 57,359 | 60,386 | 63,693 |
| Debt subject to limit | 37,526 | 39,581 | 41,428 | 43,446 | 45,341 | 47,341 | 49,368 | 51,630 | 54,530 | 57,510 | 60,538 | 63,846 |
| Average interest rate on debt held by the public (percent) | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||
| Table 1-4. Key Projections in CBO's Baseline | ||||||
| Percentage of GDP | ||||||
| Annual average | ||||||
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028- 2031 | 2032- 2036 | 2037- 2046 | 2047- 2056 | |
| Revenues | ||||||
| Individual income taxes | 8.6 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 9.0 | 9.4 | 9.9 |
| Payroll taxes | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Corporate income taxes | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Customs duties | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Other | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Total revenues | 17.5 | 17.7 | 17.6 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 18.6 |
| Outlays | ||||||
| Mandatory | ||||||
| Social Security | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
| Major health care programs | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 7.9 |
| Other | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Subtotal | 14.2 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 14.8 | 15.4 | 16.1 |
| Discretionary | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.6 |
| Net interest | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 6.4 |
| Total outlays | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.4 | 24.1 | 25.3 | 27.1 |
| Deficit (-) | -5.8 | -5.7 | -5.8 | -6.4 | -7.2 | -8.5 |
| Debt held by the public at the end of the period | 101 | 102 | 110 | 120 | 144 | 175 |
| Addendum: | ||||||
| Social Security | ||||||
| Revenues | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
| Outlays | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
| Contribution to the deficit (-) | -0.8 | -0.9 | -1.1 | -1.3 | -1.4 | -1.5 |
| Medicare | ||||||
| Revenues | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| Outlays | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 6.6 |
| Offsetting receipts | -0.7 | -0.7 | -0.8 | -0.9 | -1.1 | -1.4 |
| Contribution to the deficit (-) | -1.9 | -1.9 | -2.1 | -2.5 | -3.1 | -3.7 |
| GDP at the end of the period (trillions of dollars) | 31.9 | 33.3 | 38.8 | 46.7 | 67.5 | 95.7 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||||||||||
| Table 3-1. CBO's Baseline Projections of Outlays | ||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||
| Actual, 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2027- 2031 | 2027- 2036 | |
| In billions of dollars | ||||||||||||||
| Mandatory | ||||||||||||||
| Social Security | 1,575 | 1,666 | 1,769 | 1,875 | 1,979 | 2,083 | 2,190 | 2,298 | 2,409 | 2,519 | 2,632 | 2,747 | 9,895 | 22,500 |
| Medicare | 1,180 | 1,287 | 1,374 | 1,533 | 1,470 | 1,649 | 1,753 | 1,867 | 2,123 | 2,153 | 2,155 | 2,421 | 7,778 | 18,497 |
| Medicaid | 668 | 708 | 726 | 746 | 754 | 777 | 804 | 834 | 870 | 905 | 941 | 981 | 3,806 | 8,338 |
| Other spending | 1,114 | 1,281 | 1,327 | 1,284 | 1,326 | 1,371 | 1,377 | 1,400 | 1,466 | 1,472 | 1,458 | 1,555 | 6,685 | 14,036 |
| Offsetting receipts | -370 | -412 | -413 | -434 | -462 | -504 | -541 | -564 | -591 | -613 | -642 | -675 | -2,353 | -5,438 |
| Subtotal | 4,168 | 4,529 | 4,783 | 5,005 | 5,067 | 5,375 | 5,582 | 5,835 | 6,277 | 6,437 | 6,545 | 7,028 | 25,812 | 57,933 |
| Discretionary | ||||||||||||||
| Defense | 893 | 885 | 901 | 928 | 938 | 966 | 986 | 1,006 | 1,034 | 1,051 | 1,068 | 1,100 | 4,719 | 9,979 |
| Nondefense | 980 | 996 | 981 | 1,001 | 1,010 | 1,023 | 1,039 | 1,057 | 1,076 | 1,096 | 1,119 | 1,144 | 5,053 | 10,545 |
| Subtotal | 1,872 | 1,880 | 1,882 | 1,929 | 1,948 | 1,989 | 2,024 | 2,063 | 2,111 | 2,147 | 2,187 | 2,244 | 9,772 | 20,524 |
| Net interest | 970 | 1,039 | 1,108 | 1,218 | 1,324 | 1,432 | 1,548 | 1,670 | 1,784 | 1,904 | 2,019 | 2,144 | 6,630 | 16,152 |
| Total | 7,010 | 7,449 | 7,772 | 8,151 | 8,340 | 8,796 | 9,155 | 9,569 | 10,172 | 10,487 | 10,751 | 11,416 | 42,214 | 94,610 |
| On-budget | 5,578 | 5,928 | 6,151 | 6,426 | 6,513 | 6,864 | 7,113 | 7,409 | 7,911 | 8,125 | 8,286 | 8,847 | 33,066 | 73,644 |
| Off-budget | 1,432 | 1,521 | 1,621 | 1,725 | 1,827 | 1,932 | 2,043 | 2,160 | 2,261 | 2,363 | 2,465 | 2,569 | 9,147 | 20,965 |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||||
| Outlays adjusted to exclude timing shifts | ||||||||||||||
| Mandatory outlays | 4,168 | 4,529 | 4,783 | 4,887 | 5,185 | 5,375 | 5,582 | 5,835 | 6,117 | 6,425 | 6,716 | 7,028 | 25,812 | 57,933 |
| Discretionary outlays | 1,872 | 1,880 | 1,882 | 1,923 | 1,954 | 1,989 | 2,024 | 2,063 | 2,105 | 2,147 | 2,194 | 2,244 | 9,772 | 20,524 |
| Total outlays | 7,010 | 7,449 | 7,772 | 8,028 | 8,463 | 8,796 | 9,155 | 9,569 | 10,006 | 10,475 | 10,929 | 11,416 | 42,214 | 94,610 |
| Gross domestic product | 30,362 | 31,902 | 33,315 | 34,666 | 36,010 | 37,391 | 38,813 | 40,277 | 41,796 | 43,373 | 45,012 | 46,712 | 180,195 | 397,364 |
| As a percentage of gross domestic product | ||||||||||||||
| Mandatory | ||||||||||||||
| Social Security | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.7 |
| Medicare | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.7 |
| Medicaid | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| Other spending | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.5 |
| Offsetting receipts | -1.2 | -1.3 | -1.2 | -1.3 | -1.3 | -1.3 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.3 | -1.4 |
| Subtotal | 13.7 | 14.2 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 14.3 | 14.6 |
| Discretionary | ||||||||||||||
| Defense | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
| Nondefense | 3.2 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| Subtotal | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 |
| Net interest | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 4.1 |
| Total | 23.1 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.5 | 23.2 | 23.5 | 23.6 | 23.8 | 24.3 | 24.2 | 23.9 | 24.4 | 23.4 | 23.8 |
| On-budget | 18.4 | 18.6 | 18.5 | 18.5 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 18.3 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 18.7 | 18.4 | 18.9 | 18.4 | 18.5 |
| Off-budget | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||||
| Outlays adjusted to exclude timing shifts | ||||||||||||||
| Mandatory outlays | 13.7 | 14.2 | 14.4 | 14.1 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 14.9 | 15.0 | 14.3 | 14.6 |
| Discretionary outlays | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 |
| Total outlays | 23.1 | 23.3 | 23.3 | 23.2 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 23.6 | 23.8 | 23.9 | 24.2 | 24.3 | 24.4 | 23.4 | 23.8 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||||||||||
| Table 3-2. CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Outlays, Adjusted to Exclude the Effects of Timing Shifts | ||||||||||||||
| Billions of dollars | ||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||
| Actual, 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2027- 2031 | 2027- 2036 | |
| Social Security | ||||||||||||||
| Old-Age and Survivors Insurance | 1,418 | 1,503 | 1,598 | 1,697 | 1,794 | 1,892 | 1,992 | 2,094 | 2,196 | 2,299 | 2,402 | 2,507 | 8,972 | 20,469 |
| Disability Insurance | 158 | 163 | 171 | 178 | 185 | 191 | 198 | 205 | 212 | 221 | 230 | 239 | 924 | 2,031 |
| Subtotal | 1,575 | 1,666 | 1,769 | 1,875 | 1,979 | 2,083 | 2,190 | 2,298 | 2,409 | 2,519 | 2,632 | 2,747 | 9,895 | 22,500 |
| Major health care programs | ||||||||||||||
| Medicare | 1,180 | 1,287 | 1,374 | 1,452 | 1,552 | 1,649 | 1,753 | 1,867 | 2,006 | 2,145 | 2,280 | 2,421 | 7,778 | 18,497 |
| Medicaid | 668 | 708 | 726 | 746 | 754 | 777 | 804 | 834 | 870 | 905 | 941 | 981 | 3,806 | 8,338 |
| Premium tax credits and related spending | 140 | 112 | 93 | 88 | 93 | 100 | 111 | 120 | 125 | 131 | 140 | 150 | 485 | 1,151 |
| Children's Health Insurance Program | 23 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 24 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 122 | 198 |
| Subtotal | 2,012 | 2,132 | 2,219 | 2,313 | 2,426 | 2,550 | 2,683 | 2,836 | 3,016 | 3,197 | 3,377 | 3,566 | 12,192 | 28,184 |
| Income security programs | ||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program | 106 | 100 | 97 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 479 | 985 |
| Earned income, child, and other tax credits | 115 | 105 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 102 | 102 | 104 | 103 | 104 | 103 | 104 | 510 | 1,028 |
| Supplemental Security Income | 65 | 67 | 69 | 71 | 73 | 75 | 78 | 80 | 83 | 85 | 88 | 91 | 365 | 792 |
| Unemployment compensation | 39 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 52 | 53 | 55 | 56 | 58 | 244 | 518 |
| Child nutrition | 35 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 49 | 51 | 52 | 54 | 211 | 464 |
| Family support and foster care | 38 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 187 | 386 |
| Subtotal | 397 | 389 | 389 | 392 | 399 | 405 | 411 | 421 | 428 | 436 | 442 | 451 | 1,996 | 4,173 |
| Federal civilian and military retirement | ||||||||||||||
| Civilian | 129 | 135 | 140 | 144 | 148 | 152 | 156 | 162 | 168 | 173 | 177 | 182 | 741 | 1,604 |
| Military | 80 | 83 | 86 | 89 | 92 | 95 | 98 | 101 | 104 | 107 | 110 | 113 | 459 | 993 |
| Subtotal | 210 | 218 | 226 | 234 | 240 | 247 | 254 | 263 | 272 | 279 | 287 | 295 | 1,201 | 2,597 |
| Veterans' programs | ||||||||||||||
| Income security | 201 | 232 | 248 | 262 | 276 | 289 | 298 | 311 | 325 | 339 | 354 | 370 | 1,372 | 3,072 |
| Toxic Exposures Fund | 33 | 50 | 56 | 61 | 65 | 69 | 73 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 93 | 324 | 746 |
| Other | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 107 | 236 |
| Subtotal | 251 | 301 | 324 | 343 | 362 | 380 | 394 | 411 | 430 | 449 | 470 | 491 | 1,803 | 4,055 |
| Other programs | ||||||||||||||
| Administration of justice | 20 | 37 | 47 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 42 | 37 | 27 | 25 | 23 | 24 | 243 | 379 |
| Agriculture | 23 | 31 | 41 | 38 | 34 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 175 | 332 |
| Deposit insurance | -32 | -22 | -20 | -104 | -12 | -13 | -14 | -14 | -23 | -15 | -16 | -17 | -162 | -246 |
| MEHRCF | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 78 | 173 |
| Higher education | -76 | 18 | 21 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 68 | 131 |
| Defense | -1 | 34 | 44 | 29 | 22 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 3 | -0 | 3 | 114 | 126 |
| Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 28 | 83 |
| Other | 145 | 125 | 117 | 117 | 112 | 99 | 89 | 78 | 73 | 69 | 65 | 65 | 534 | 884 |
| Subtotal | 92 | 235 | 269 | 163 | 240 | 215 | 192 | 171 | 153 | 157 | 150 | 153 | 1,078 | 1,862 |
| Mandatory outlays, excluding offsetting receipts | 4,537 | 4,942 | 5,196 | 5,321 | 5,646 | 5,879 | 6,123 | 6,399 | 6,708 | 7,038 | 7,358 | 7,703 | 28,165 | 63,371 |
| Offsetting receipts | ||||||||||||||
| Medicare | -192 | -224 | -234 | -249 | -266 | -292 | -316 | -340 | -368 | -394 | -422 | -451 | -1,357 | -3,332 |
| Federal share of federal employees' retirement | ||||||||||||||
| Civil service retirement and other | -63 | -64 | -66 | -68 | -70 | -73 | -75 | -77 | -80 | -82 | -84 | -87 | -352 | -762 |
| Military retirement | -23 | -22 | -19 | -20 | -21 | -21 | -22 | -22 | -23 | -23 | -24 | -25 | -103 | -220 |
| Social Security | -24 | -25 | -26 | -27 | -28 | -29 | -29 | -30 | -31 | -32 | -33 | -34 | -139 | -299 |
| Subtotal | -110 | -112 | -111 | -115 | -119 | -122 | -126 | -130 | -134 | -137 | -141 | -145 | -594 | -1,281 |
| Receipts related to natural resources | -17 | -17 | -18 | -19 | -20 | -22 | -23 | -23 | -24 | -24 | -25 | -25 | -103 | -223 |
| MERHCF | -11 | -13 | -15 | -15 | -16 | -17 | -18 | -18 | -19 | -20 | -21 | -22 | -81 | -182 |
| Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac | -6 | -6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | -32 | -40 | -35 | -36 | -40 | -50 | -59 | -52 | -46 | -37 | -32 | -32 | -220 | -419 |
| Subtotal | -370 | -412 | -413 | -434 | -462 | -504 | -541 | -564 | -591 | -613 | -642 | -675 | -2,353 | -5,438 |
| Mandatory outlays, including offsetting receipts | 4,168 | 4,529 | 4,783 | 4,887 | 5,185 | 5,375 | 5,582 | 5,835 | 6,117 | 6,425 | 6,716 | 7,028 | 25,812 | 57,933 |
| Effects that timing shifts have on mandatory outlays in CBO's baseline projections | ||||||||||||||
| Medicare | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | -82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 117 | 8 | -125 | 0 | n.a | n.a |
| Supplemental Security Income | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | -6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | -7 | 0 | n.a | n.a |
| Military retirement | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | -7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | -8 | 0 | n.a | n.a |
| Veterans' income security | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | -23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 2 | -30 | 0 | n.a | n.a |
| Other programs for veterans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -1 | 0 | n.a | n.a |
| Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 118 | -118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 160 | 12 | -172 | 0 | n.a | n.a |
| Total mandatory outlays in CBO's baseline projections | 4,168 | 4,529 | 4,783 | 5,005 | 5,067 | 5,375 | 5,582 | 5,835 | 6,277 | 6,437 | 6,545 | 7,028 | 25,812 | 57,933 |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||||
| Outlays, net of offsetting receipts | ||||||||||||||
| Medicare | 988 | 1,063 | 1,140 | 1,203 | 1,286 | 1,356 | 1,437 | 1,526 | 1,638 | 1,751 | 1,858 | 1,970 | 6,421 | 15,164 |
| Major health care programs | 1,819 | 1,908 | 1,985 | 2,064 | 2,160 | 2,258 | 2,367 | 2,495 | 2,649 | 2,803 | 2,955 | 3,115 | 10,834 | 24,852 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||||||||||
| Table 3-2, Unadjusted. CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Outlays | ||||||||||||||
| Billions of dollars | ||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||
| Actual, 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2027- 2031 | 2027- 2036 | |
| Social Security | ||||||||||||||
| Old-Age and Survivors Insurance | 1,418 | 1,503 | 1,598 | 1,697 | 1,794 | 1,892 | 1,992 | 2,094 | 2,196 | 2,299 | 2,402 | 2,507 | 8,972 | 20,469 |
| Disability Insurance | 158 | 163 | 171 | 178 | 185 | 191 | 198 | 205 | 212 | 221 | 230 | 239 | 924 | 2,031 |
| Subtotal | 1,575 | 1,666 | 1,769 | 1,875 | 1,979 | 2,083 | 2,190 | 2,298 | 2,409 | 2,519 | 2,632 | 2,747 | 9,895 | 22,500 |
| Major health care programs | ||||||||||||||
| Medicarea,b | 1,180 | 1,287 | 1,374 | 1,533 | 1,470 | 1,649 | 1,753 | 1,867 | 2,123 | 2,153 | 2,155 | 2,421 | 7,778 | 18,497 |
| Medicaid | 668 | 708 | 726 | 746 | 754 | 777 | 804 | 834 | 870 | 905 | 941 | 981 | 3,806 | 8,338 |
| Premium tax credits and related spendingc | 140 | 112 | 93 | 88 | 93 | 100 | 111 | 120 | 125 | 131 | 140 | 150 | 485 | 1,151 |
| Children's Health Insurance Program | 23 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 24 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 122 | 198 |
| Subtotal | 2,012 | 2,132 | 2,219 | 2,395 | 2,345 | 2,550 | 2,683 | 2,836 | 3,134 | 3,205 | 3,252 | 3,566 | 12,192 | 28,184 |
| Income security programs | ||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program | 106 | 100 | 97 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 479 | 985 |
| Earned income, child, and other tax creditsd | 115 | 105 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 102 | 102 | 104 | 103 | 104 | 103 | 104 | 510 | 1,028 |
| Supplemental Security Incomea | 65 | 67 | 69 | 76 | 67 | 75 | 78 | 80 | 89 | 86 | 81 | 91 | 365 | 792 |
| Unemployment compensation | 39 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 52 | 53 | 55 | 56 | 58 | 244 | 518 |
| Child nutrition | 35 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 49 | 51 | 52 | 54 | 211 | 464 |
| Family support and foster caree | 38 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 187 | 386 |
| Subtotal | 397 | 389 | 389 | 398 | 393 | 405 | 411 | 421 | 434 | 436 | 435 | 451 | 1,996 | 4,173 |
| Federal civilian and military retirement | ||||||||||||||
| Civilianf | 129 | 135 | 140 | 144 | 148 | 152 | 156 | 162 | 168 | 173 | 177 | 182 | 741 | 1,604 |
| Militarya | 80 | 83 | 86 | 96 | 85 | 95 | 98 | 101 | 111 | 108 | 102 | 113 | 459 | 993 |
| Subtotal | 210 | 218 | 226 | 240 | 234 | 247 | 254 | 263 | 279 | 280 | 279 | 295 | 1,201 | 2,597 |
| Veterans' programs | ||||||||||||||
| Income securitya,g | 201 | 232 | 248 | 285 | 253 | 289 | 298 | 311 | 352 | 342 | 325 | 370 | 1,372 | 3,072 |
| Toxic Exposures Fundh | 33 | 50 | 56 | 61 | 65 | 69 | 73 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 88 | 93 | 324 | 746 |
| Othera,i | 18 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 107 | 236 |
| Subtotal | 251 | 301 | 324 | 367 | 338 | 380 | 394 | 411 | 458 | 452 | 439 | 491 | 1,803 | 4,055 |
| Other programs | ||||||||||||||
| Administration of justice | 20 | 37 | 47 | 52 | 52 | 51 | 42 | 37 | 27 | 25 | 23 | 24 | 243 | 379 |
| Agriculture | 23 | 31 | 41 | 38 | 34 | 31 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 175 | 332 |
| Deposit insurance | -32 | -22 | -20 | -104 | -12 | -13 | -14 | -14 | -23 | -15 | -16 | -17 | -162 | -246 |
| MEHRCF | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 78 | 173 |
| Higher education | -76 | 18 | 21 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 68 | 131 |
| Defense | -1 | 34 | 44 | 29 | 22 | 12 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 3 | -0 | 3 | 114 | 126 |
| Fannie Mae and Freddie Macj | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 28 | 83 |
| Other | 145 | 125 | 117 | 117 | 112 | 99 | 89 | 78 | 73 | 69 | 65 | 65 | 534 | 884 |
| Subtotal | 92 | 235 | 269 | 163 | 240 | 215 | 192 | 171 | 153 | 157 | 150 | 153 | 1,078 | 1,862 |
| Mandatory outlays, excluding offsetting receipts | 4,537 | 4,942 | 5,196 | 5,439 | 5,528 | 5,879 | 6,123 | 6,399 | 6,867 | 7,050 | 7,186 | 7,703 | 28,165 | 63,371 |
| Offsetting receipts | ||||||||||||||
| Medicarek | -192 | -224 | -234 | -249 | -266 | -292 | -316 | -340 | -368 | -394 | -422 | -451 | -1,357 | -3,332 |
| Federal share of federal employees' retirement | ||||||||||||||
| Civil service retirement and other | -63 | -64 | -66 | -68 | -70 | -73 | -75 | -77 | -80 | -82 | -84 | -87 | -352 | -762 |
| Military retirement | -23 | -22 | -19 | -20 | -21 | -21 | -22 | -22 | -23 | -23 | -24 | -25 | -103 | -220 |
| Social Security | -24 | -25 | -26 | -27 | -28 | -29 | -29 | -30 | -31 | -32 | -33 | -34 | -139 | -299 |
| Subtotal | -110 | -112 | -111 | -115 | -119 | -122 | -126 | -130 | -134 | -137 | -141 | -145 | -594 | -1,281 |
| Receipts related to natural resources | -17 | -17 | -18 | -19 | -20 | -22 | -23 | -23 | -24 | -24 | -25 | -25 | -103 | -223 |
| MERHCF | -11 | -13 | -15 | -15 | -16 | -17 | -18 | -18 | -19 | -20 | -21 | -22 | -81 | -182 |
| Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac | -6 | -6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | -32 | -40 | -35 | -36 | -40 | -50 | -59 | -52 | -46 | -37 | -32 | -32 | -220 | -419 |
| Subtotal | -370 | -412 | -413 | -434 | -462 | -504 | -541 | -564 | -591 | -613 | -642 | -675 | -2,353 | -5,438 |
| Mandatory outlays, including offsetting receipts | 4,168 | 4,529 | 4,783 | 5,005 | 5,067 | 5,375 | 5,582 | 5,835 | 6,277 | 6,437 | 6,545 | 7,028 | 25,812 | 57,933 |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||||
| Outlays, net of offsetting receipts | ||||||||||||||
| Medicare | 988 | 1,063 | 1,140 | 1,284 | 1,204 | 1,356 | 1,437 | 1,526 | 1,755 | 1,759 | 1,733 | 1,970 | 6,421 | 15,164 |
| Major health care programs | 1,819 | 1,908 | 1,985 | 2,146 | 2,078 | 2,258 | 2,367 | 2,495 | 2,766 | 2,811 | 2,830 | 3,115 | 10,834 | 24,852 |
| a. When October 1 (the first day of the fiscal year) falls on a weekend, certain payments that would have ordinarily been made on that day are instead made at the end of September and are this shifted into the previous fiscal year. Outlays have not been adjusted to remove the effects of those timing shifts. | ||||||||||||||
| For additional notes to this table, see the image in the previous sheet. | ||||||||||||||
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | |||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | |||||||||
| Table 3-3. Sources of Growth in CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Outlays From 2026 to 2036 | |||||||||
| Billions of dollars | Percent | Percentage points | |||||||
| 2026 | 2036 | Total change | Total growth | Growth from inflation | Growth from number of beneficiaries | Growth from real spending per beneficiary | |||
| Mandatory outlays | |||||||||
| Social Security benefits | 1,659 | 2,739 | 1,080 | 65 | 29 | 19 | 17 | ||
| Medicare | 1,287 | 2,421 | 1,134 | 88 | 27 | 20 | 41 | ||
| Medicaid | 708 | 981 | 273 | 39 | 34 | -14 | 18 | ||
| Premium tax credits | 100 | 132 | 31 | 31 | 35 | -30 | 26 | ||
| Veterans' income security | 231 | 370 | 139 | 60 | 30 | 29 | 1 | ||
| Federal civilian and military retirement | 197 | 259 | 62 | 31 | 22 | 5 | 4 | ||
| Other | 759 | 802 | 43 | 6 | 21 | 3 | -18 | ||
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | |||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | |||||||||||||
| Table 3-4. Costs for Mandatory Programs That Continue Beyond Their Current Expiration Date in CBO's Baseline Projections | |||||||||||||
| Billions of dollars | |||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2027- 2031 | 2027- 2036 | |
| Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 97 | 93 | 95 | 96 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 479 | 986 |
| Outlays | 0 | 88 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 470 | 976 |
| Veterans' compensation and pension COLAs | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 6 | 13 | 19 | 26 | 33 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 65 | 77 | 98 | 385 |
| Outlays | 0 | 6 | 13 | 19 | 26 | 33 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 65 | 77 | 98 | 385 |
| Temporary Assistance for Needy Families | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 12 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 87 | 173 |
| Outlays | 13 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 86 | 172 |
| Children's Health Insurance Program | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 31 | 107 |
| Outlays | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 31 | 107 |
| Commodity Credit Corporation | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 22 | 21 | 22 | 1 | 79 |
| Outlays | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 1 | 66 |
| Rehabilitation services | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 24 | 52 |
| Outlays | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 19 | 45 |
| Child nutrition | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 15 |
| Outlays | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 15 |
| Ground transportation programs not subject to annual obligation limitations | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Outlays | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Outlays | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| National Flood Insurance Program | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Outlays | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | -0 | -0 | -0 | -0 | -0 | 3 | 2 |
| Ground transportation programs controlled by obligation limitations | |||||||||||||
| Budget Authority | 0 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 396 | 793 |
| Outlays | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Air transportation programs controlled by obligation limitations | |||||||||||||
| Budget authority | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 32 |
| Outlays | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total budget authority | 13 | 207 | 209 | 222 | 246 | 255 | 270 | 279 | 304 | 313 | 326 | 1,139 | 2,631 |
| Total outlays | 15 | 114 | 130 | 138 | 162 | 171 | 181 | 192 | 217 | 228 | 242 | 715 | 1,775 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||
| Table 3-5. Changes in Defense Discretionary Funding From 2025 to 2026 | ||||
| Billions of dollars | ||||
| 2025 | 2026 | Difference | Change (percent) | |
| Operation and maintenance | 342 | 338 | -4 | -1 |
| Military personnel | 182 | 184 | 2 | 1 |
| Procurement | 174 | 168 | -6 | -3 |
| Research and development | 141 | 141 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 65 | 66 | 0 | 1 |
| Total defense funding | 904 | 898 | -7 | -1 |
| Addendum: | ||||
| Total defense discretionary outlays | 893 | 885 | -8 | -1 |
| Total defense discretionary and mandatory outlays | 891 | 918 | 27 | 3 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | |||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | |||||||||
| Table 3-6. Changes in Nondefense Discretionary Funding From 2025 to 2026 | |||||||||
| Billions of dollars | |||||||||
| 2025 | 2026 | Total | Change | ||||||
| Nonemergency | Emergency | Total | Nonemergency | Emergency | Total | difference | (percent) | ||
| Transportation | 127 | 45 | 172 | 127 | 37 | 164 | -8 | -5 | |
| Veterans' benefits and services | 130 | 0 | 130 | 134 | 0 | 134 | 4 | 3 | |
| Education, training, employment, and social services | 111 | 0 | 111 | 111 | 0 | 111 | -0 | -0 | |
| Income security | 102 | 9 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 110 | 0 | 0 | |
| Health | 88 | 1 | 88 | 87 | 1 | 88 | -0 | -0 | |
| Administration of justice | 78 | 1 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 79 | -0 | -0 | |
| Natural resources and environment | 47 | 33 | 80 | 47 | 17 | 64 | -16 | -20 | |
| International affairs | 51 | 0 | 51 | 61 | 0 | 61 | 10 | 21 | |
| General science, space, and technology | 40 | 1 | 42 | 41 | 0 | 41 | -1 | -1 | |
| Community and regional development | 37 | 49 | 86 | 38 | 1 | 39 | -47 | -54 | |
| General government | 20 | 0 | 20 | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 1 | |
| Energy | 9 | 11 | 20 | 9 | 9 | 18 | -2 | -9 | |
| Medicare | 9 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 9 | -0 | -4 | |
| Agriculture | 8 | 31 | 39 | 7 | 0 | 7 | -31 | -81 | |
| Social Security | 6 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 8 | |
| Commerce and housing credit | -11 | 2 | -9 | -4 | 1 | -4 | 6 | n.m. | |
| Total nondefense funding | 850 | 183 | 1,033 | 882 | 67 | 948 | -84 | -8 | |
| Addendum: | |||||||||
| Outlays from nondefense discretionary funding | n.a. | n.a. | 980 | 952 | 44 | 996 | 16 | 2 | |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||||||||||
| Table 3-7. CBO's Baseline Projections of Discretionary Spending, Adjusted to Exclude the Effects of Timing Shifts | ||||||||||||||
| Billions of dollars | ||||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2027- 2031 | 2027- 2036 | |
| Budget authority | ||||||||||||||
| Defense | ||||||||||||||
| Nonemergency spending | 893 | 898 | 921 | 944 | 967 | 990 | 1,013 | 1,037 | 1,061 | 1,085 | 1,110 | 1,137 | 4,835 | 10,265 |
| Emergency spending | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Subtotal | 904 | 898 | 921 | 944 | 967 | 990 | 1,013 | 1,037 | 1,061 | 1,085 | 1,110 | 1,137 | 4,835 | 10,265 |
| Nondefense | ||||||||||||||
| Nonemergency spending | 768 | 800 | 814 | 834 | 854 | 872 | 893 | 914 | 935 | 957 | 979 | 1,002 | 4,267 | 9,054 |
| Emergency spending | 183 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 71 | 72 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 78 | 80 | 82 | 354 | 747 |
| Subtotal | 951 | 867 | 882 | 904 | 925 | 945 | 967 | 989 | 1,012 | 1,035 | 1,059 | 1,084 | 4,622 | 9,800 |
| Total budget authority | 1,856 | 1,764 | 1,803 | 1,848 | 1,892 | 1,934 | 1,980 | 2,026 | 2,072 | 2,121 | 2,169 | 2,220 | 9,457 | 20,066 |
| Outlays | ||||||||||||||
| Defense | ||||||||||||||
| Nonemergency spending | 893 | 885 | 901 | 923 | 944 | 966 | 986 | 1,006 | 1,028 | 1,050 | 1,075 | 1,100 | 4,719 | 9,979 |
| Emergency spending | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Subtotal | 893 | 885 | 901 | 923 | 944 | 966 | 986 | 1,006 | 1,028 | 1,051 | 1,075 | 1,100 | 4,719 | 9,979 |
| Nondefense | ||||||||||||||
| Nonemergency spending | 948 | 952 | 926 | 939 | 945 | 954 | 968 | 985 | 1,005 | 1,026 | 1,048 | 1,072 | 4,731 | 9,868 |
| Emergency spending | 32 | 44 | 54 | 61 | 65 | 69 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 321 | 678 |
| Subtotal | 980 | 996 | 981 | 1,001 | 1,010 | 1,023 | 1,039 | 1,057 | 1,076 | 1,096 | 1,119 | 1,144 | 5,053 | 10,545 |
| Total outlays | 1,872 | 1,880 | 1,882 | 1,923 | 1,954 | 1,989 | 2,024 | 2,063 | 2,105 | 2,147 | 2,194 | 2,244 | 9,772 | 20,524 |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||||
| Effects that timing shifts have on discretionary outlays in CBO's baseline projections | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | -6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | -7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Discretionary outlays in CBO's baseline | 1,872 | 1,880 | 1,882 | 1,929 | 1,948 | 1,989 | 2,024 | 2,063 | 2,111 | 2,147 | 2,187 | 2,244 | 9,772 | 20,524 |
| Outlays from BSCA and IIJA appropriations as specified | 32 | 42 | 51 | 53 | 48 | 39 | 30 | 21 | 13 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 221 | 265 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | |||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | |||||||||||||
| Table 3-8. Budgetary Effects of Four Alternative Assumptions About Discretionary Funding | |||||||||||||
| Billions of dollars | |||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2027- 2031 | 2027- 2036 | |
| Discretionary funding increases at the growth rate of nominal GDP after 2026 | |||||||||||||
| Increase in the primary deficit | 0 | 17 | 40 | 67 | 96 | 128 | 162 | 198 | 235 | 275 | 317 | 348 | 1,536 |
| Debt-service costs | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 17 | 25 | 34 | 45 | 58 | 23 | 203 |
| Discretionary funding is frozen at the 2026 amount | |||||||||||||
| Decrease (-) in the primary deficit | 0 | -14 | -65 | -108 | -148 | -193 | -239 | -287 | -334 | -382 | -434 | -527 | -2,202 |
| Debt-service savings | 0 | -0 | -2 | -5 | -10 | -17 | -26 | -37 | -50 | -66 | -84 | -35 | -298 |
| Funding from the IIJA and BSCA does not continue | |||||||||||||
| Decrease (-) in the primary deficit | 0 | -2 | -7 | -16 | -28 | -39 | -49 | -57 | -63 | -66 | -69 | -93 | -397 |
| Debt-service savings | 0 | -0 | -0 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -5 | -7 | -9 | -12 | -15 | -5 | -54 |
| Additional funding designated as an emergency requirement is included | |||||||||||||
| Increase in the primary deficit | 18 | 39 | 53 | 63 | 70 | 76 | 77 | 79 | 81 | 83 | 85 | 300 | 705 |
| Debt-service costs | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 18 | 22 | 26 | 30 | 30 | 140 |
| Addendum: | |||||||||||||
| Primary deficit in CBO's baseline | 814 | 779 | 862 | 695 | 769 | 737 | 769 | 996 | 915 | 760 | 971 | 3,843 | 8,254 |
| Net outlays for interest in CBO's baseline | 1,039 | 1,108 | 1,218 | 1,324 | 1,432 | 1,548 | 1,670 | 1,784 | 1,904 | 2,019 | 2,144 | 6,630 | 16,152 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | |||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | |||||||||||||
| Box 3-2 Table. Effects of Sequestration on CBO's Baseline Projections of Mandatory Spending | |||||||||||||
| Billions of dollars | |||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2027- 2031 | 2027- 2036 | |
| Change in budget authority | |||||||||||||
| Medicare | -25 | -26 | -30 | -28 | -32 | -34 | -36 | -17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -150 | -203 |
| Defense | -2 | -6 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -19 | -21 |
| Other | -0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | -0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Total change in budget authority | -27 | -32 | -33 | -31 | -35 | -37 | -36 | -15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -168 | -219 |
| Change in outlays | |||||||||||||
| Medicare | -25 | -26 | -30 | -28 | -32 | -34 | -36 | -17 | -0 | -0 | 0 | -150 | -203 |
| Defense | -2 | -6 | -4 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -2 | -0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -19 | -21 |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -0 | -0 | -0 | -0 | 3 | 3 |
| Total change in outlays | -27 | -31 | -33 | -31 | -34 | -36 | -37 | -17 | -1 | -0 | -0 | -166 | -221 |
| Back to Table of Contents |
| This file presents data that supplement CBO's February 2026 report The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2026 to 2036. | ||||||||||||
| www.cbo.gov/publication/61882 | ||||||||||||
| Table 5-1. Changes in CBO's Baseline Projections of the Deficit Since January 2025 | ||||||||||||
| Billions of dollars | ||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2026- 2030 | 2026- 2035 | |
| Deficit in CBO's January 2025 baseline | 1,713 | 1,687 | 1,911 | 1,938 | 2,140 | 2,233 | 2,371 | 2,637 | 2,597 | 2,531 | 9,389 | 21,758 |
| Legislative changes | ||||||||||||
| Changes in revenues | ||||||||||||
| 2025 reconciliation act | ||||||||||||
| Individual income taxes | -361 | -479 | -493 | -457 | -409 | -398 | -414 | -434 | -460 | -479 | -2,200 | -4,386 |
| Corporate income taxes | -98 | -91 | -79 | -59 | -26 | -2 | 7 | 1 | -2 | -3 | -354 | -352 |
| Customs duties | 0 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 22 | 59 |
| Other | -1 | -13 | -16 | -17 | -17 | -19 | -21 | -22 | -24 | -27 | -64 | -177 |
| Subtotal, 2025 reconciliation act | -461 | -582 | -582 | -526 | -445 | -413 | -421 | -448 | -479 | -501 | -2,595 | -4,856 |
| Other legislation | -1 | -2 | -2 | -2 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -7 | -12 |
| Total change in revenues | -462 | -584 | -583 | -527 | -446 | -413 | -421 | -448 | -480 | -502 | -2,603 | -4,867 |
| Changes in outlays | ||||||||||||
| Mandatory outlays | ||||||||||||
| 2025 reconciliation act | ||||||||||||
| Medicaid | -19 | -50 | -67 | -99 | -118 | -138 | -152 | -164 | -180 | -198 | -353 | -1,184 |
| SNAP | -8 | -16 | -22 | -22 | -22 | -22 | -25 | -25 | -25 | -25 | -89 | -211 |
| Earned income and child tax credits | 2 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 24 | 80 | 190 |
| Immigration enforcement | 13 | 23 | 33 | 34 | 29 | 19 | 12 | 4 | 1 | -1 | 131 | 167 |
| Student loans | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 | -16 | -16 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -17 | -74 | -158 |
| Defense | 42 | 46 | 27 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 146 | 156 |
| Premium tax credits and related spending | -3 | -10 | -15 | -17 | -16 | -15 | -14 | -14 | -13 | -14 | -61 | -130 |
| Spectrum auction receipts | -0 | -0 | -2 | -6 | -13 | -20 | -22 | -16 | -6 | 0 | -21 | -85 |
| Energy-related tax credits | -1 | -4 | -8 | -13 | -15 | -16 | -18 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -40 | -80 |
| Agriculture | 1 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 34 | 75 |
| Medicare and other health programs | 2 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 1 | -1 | -3 | 30 | 39 |
| Coast Guard | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 23 |
| Other | 10 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 0 | -0 | 0 | -0 | -1 | -1 | 31 | 29 |
| Subtotal, 2025 reconciliation act | 26 | 20 | -26 | -75 | -120 | -162 | -195 | -196 | -211 | -228 | -175 | -1,168 |
| Other legislation | 2 | 0 | -2 | 0 | -0 | 0 | 0 | -7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -5 |
| Subtotal, mandatory | 29 | 21 | -28 | -75 | -120 | -162 | -195 | -203 | -211 | -228 | -174 | -1,172 |
| Discretionary outlays | ||||||||||||
| Defense | ||||||||||||
| Nonemergency | 24 | 23 | 25 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 126 | 274 |
| Emergency | -3 | -5 | -8 | -9 | -11 | -12 | -12 | -13 | -13 | -14 | -36 | -100 |
| Subtotal, defense | 22 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 90 | 174 |
| Nondefense | ||||||||||||
| Nonemergency | -4 | -15 | -17 | -18 | -19 | -19 | -20 | -21 | -22 | -23 | -73 | -177 |
| Emergency | -34 | -65 | -81 | -96 | -107 | -115 | -121 | -126 | -130 | -133 | -383 | -1,007 |
| Subtotal, nondefense | -38 | -81 | -98 | -113 | -126 | -134 | -140 | -146 | -152 | -156 | -455 | -1,183 |
| Subtotal, discretionary | -16 | -63 | -81 | -96 | -109 | -117 | -124 | -129 | -135 | -139 | -365 | -1,010 |
| Net interest (debt service) | 5 | 28 | 47 | 64 | 78 | 88 | 95 | 103 | 112 | 122 | 222 | 742 |
| Total change in outlays | 17 | -15 | -62 | -107 | -151 | -191 | -223 | -229 | -234 | -246 | -317 | -1,440 |
| Increase or decrease (-) in the deficit from legislative changes | 479 | 569 | 522 | 420 | 295 | 222 | 198 | 220 | 246 | 256 | 2,285 | 3,427 |
| Economic changes | ||||||||||||
| Changes in revenues | ||||||||||||
| Individual income taxes | 112 | 133 | 108 | 75 | 56 | 44 | 39 | 35 | 30 | 28 | 483 | 660 |
| Payroll taxes | -6 | -6 | -5 | -5 | -8 | -10 | -13 | -15 | -18 | -22 | -31 | -109 |
| Corporate income taxes | 28 | 38 | 39 | 38 | 37 | 34 | 32 | 29 | 28 | 28 | 179 | 330 |
| Customs duties | -17 | -20 | -29 | -35 | -38 | -42 | -49 | -55 | -59 | -63 | -139 | -408 |
| Federal Reserve remittances | 1 | -0 | -0 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 3 | 62 |
| Other | 5 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 23 | 38 |
| Total change in revenues | 122 | 150 | 117 | 77 | 52 | 37 | 21 | 9 | -2 | -10 | 518 | 573 |
| Changes in Outlays | ||||||||||||
| Mandatory outlays | ||||||||||||
| Social Security | 4 | 13 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 77 | 193 |
| SNAP | 2 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 40 | 110 |
| Medicare | -0 | -0 | -1 | -2 | -4 | -7 | -9 | -12 | -15 | -17 | -7 | -67 |
| Veterans' benefits | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 37 |
| Medicaid | 0 | -0 | -1 | -2 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -4 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -26 |
| Other | -0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 11 | 23 |
| Subtotal, mandatory | 7 | 22 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 30 | 30 | 28 | 28 | 25 | 128 | 270 |
| Discretionary outlays | 0 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 22 | 70 |
| Net interest | ||||||||||||
| Effect of interest rates and inflation | 16 | 17 | 32 | 53 | 77 | 104 | 129 | 150 | 171 | 189 | 194 | 937 |
| Debt service | -1 | -6 | -9 | -10 | -8 | -5 | -1 | 5 | 13 | 22 | -33 | 1 |
| Subtotal, net interest | 15 | 11 | 23 | 43 | 68 | 98 | 128 | 156 | 184 | 211 | 160 | 938 |
| Total change in outlays | 22 | 35 | 61 | 83 | 110 | 138 | 168 | 194 | 222 | 245 | 310 | 1,277 |
| Increase or decrease (-) in the deficit from economic changes | -100 | -116 | -57 | 6 | 58 | 101 | 148 | 185 | 224 | 255 | -208 | 704 |
| Technical changes | ||||||||||||
| Changes in revenues | ||||||||||||
| Individual income taxes | 32 | 41 | 74 | 121 | 109 | 95 | 101 | 106 | 113 | 111 | 377 | 902 |
| Payroll taxes | -9 | -12 | -13 | -16 | -13 | -13 | -12 | -12 | -11 | -10 | -62 | -120 |
| Corporate income taxes | -21 | 4 | 11 | 19 | 16 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 10 | 30 | 59 |
| Customs duties | 352 | 353 | 357 | 355 | 351 | 346 | 334 | 330 | 331 | 340 | 1,767 | 3,449 |
| Other | 1 | -1 | 1 | 2 | -24 | -21 | -2 | -0 | 0 | 1 | -22 | -44 |
| Total change in revenues | 356 | 384 | 429 | 480 | 440 | 412 | 424 | 427 | 442 | 452 | 2,089 | 4,246 |
| Changes in outlays | ||||||||||||
| Mandatory outlays | ||||||||||||
| Medicare | 61 | 83 | 87 | 90 | 95 | 96 | 101 | 122 | 121 | 117 | 415 | 973 |
| Medicaid | 31 | 39 | 48 | 51 | 61 | 74 | 79 | 91 | 104 | 119 | 230 | 697 |
| Veterans' benefits | 53 | 57 | 60 | 57 | 62 | 60 | 60 | 65 | 64 | 62 | 289 | 600 |
| Energy-related tax credits | -17 | -19 | -18 | -15 | -12 | -12 | -12 | -14 | -5 | -4 | -80 | -127 |
| Social Security | -3 | -5 | -9 | -8 | -10 | -11 | -13 | -14 | -15 | -16 | -35 | -105 |
| Premium tax credits and related spending | 1 | -16 | -19 | -16 | -12 | -7 | -6 | -9 | 6 | -1 | -62 | -79 |
| SNAP | -1 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -5 | -4 | -4 | -4 | -19 | -41 |
| Earned income and child tax credits | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 29 |
| Agriculture | 7 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 25 |
| Other | -30 | -3 | -5 | 3 | 3 | -3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 8 | -31 | -14 |
| Subtotal, mandatory | 107 | 144 | 147 | 161 | 186 | 194 | 211 | 244 | 279 | 283 | 746 | 1,957 |
| Discretionary outlays | ||||||||||||
| Defense | -3 | 1 | 1 | -0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 | 7 |
| Nondefense | 3 | -8 | 2 | 5 | 2 | -0 | 1 | 0 | -0 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| Subtotal, discretionary | -0 | -7 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 11 |
| Net interest | ||||||||||||
| Debt service | -3 | -15 | -26 | -40 | -54 | -67 | -79 | -91 | -102 | -113 | -138 | -589 |
| Other | 12 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 15 | 17 | 52 | 120 |
| Subtotal, net interest | 9 | -6 | -17 | -30 | -42 | -55 | -67 | -79 | -86 | -96 | -86 | -469 |
| Total change in outlays | 116 | 131 | 133 | 135 | 147 | 142 | 147 | 166 | 193 | 188 | 662 | 1,499 |
| Increase or decrease (-) in the deficit from technical changes | -239 | -253 | -296 | -345 | -293 | -270 | -277 | -261 | -249 | -263 | -1,426 | -2,747 |
| All changes | ||||||||||||
| Total increase or decrease (-) in the deficit | 139 | 200 | 169 | 81 | 61 | 53 | 69 | 143 | 221 | 248 | 651 | 1,385 |
| Deficit in CBO's February 2026 baseline | 1,853 | 1,887 | 2,080 | 2,020 | 2,201 | 2,286 | 2,439 | 2,781 | 2,819 | 2,779 | 10,040 | 23,143 |
| Addendum: | ||||||||||||
| Total change in revenues | 16 | -50 | -37 | 30 | 46 | 35 | 23 | -13 | -39 | -60 | 4 | -49 |
| Total change in outlays | 155 | 151 | 132 | 111 | 106 | 88 | 92 | 130 | 182 | 188 | 655 | 1,336 |
| Increase or decrease (-) in the primary deficit | 111 | 168 | 116 | 4 | -43 | -78 | -88 | -36 | 11 | 11 | 355 | 175 |
| Increase or decrease (-) in the deficit from the change in net interest outlays | 29 | 32 | 53 | 77 | 104 | 131 | 157 | 180 | 210 | 236 | 296 | 1,211 |
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