11/13/2026 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 11/13/2026 16:21
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management's discussion and analysis is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The financial information in this section is derived from the accompanying unaudited financial statements. You should read the financial information in this section in conjunction with the business and financial information contained in this report and in the Company's definitive prospectus dated May 14, 2026, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of words such as "estimate," "project," "believe," "intend," "anticipate," "assume," "plan," "seek," "expect," "will," "may," "should," "indicate," "would," "contemplate," "continue," "target" and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
| ● | statements of our goals, intentions and expectations; |
| ● | statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies; |
| ● | statements regarding the asset quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and |
| ● | estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits. |
These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change.
The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:
| ● | general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market area, which are worse than expected, including the effects of inflation and monetary policy; |
| ● | changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, the fair value of our financial instruments, or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments within our loan portfolio; |
| ● | adverse changes in the securities markets; |
| ● | changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses; |
| ● | our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk; |
| ● | our ability to access cost-effective funding; |
| ● | changes in liquidity, including the amount and composition of our deposits and the percentage of uninsured deposits in our portfolio; |
| ● | fluctuations in real estate values and in the conditions of the residential real estate and commercial real estate markets; |
| ● | demand for loans and deposits in our market area; |
| ● | our ability to implement and change our business strategies; |
| ● | competition among depository and other financial institutions; |
| ● | changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees, capital requirements and insurance premiums; |
| ● | changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios; |
| ● | technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected; |
| ● | the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected; |
| ● | a failure or breach of our operational or information security systems or infrastructure, including cyberattacks; |
| ● | our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities; |
| ● | changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits; |
| ● | changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; |
| ● | our ability to retain key employees; and |
| ● | changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own. |
Because of these and a wide variety of other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law or regulation, we assume no obligation and disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Critical Accounting Estimates
The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles used in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of income and expenses. We consider the accounting policies discussed below to be critical accounting policies. The estimates and assumptions that we use are based on historical experience and various other factors and are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying value of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations.
The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an "emerging growth company" we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
The following represent our critical accounting policies:
Allowance for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses ("ACL") is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Management evaluates the appropriateness of the ACL on loans quarterly. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change from period to period.
Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. A reversion methodology is applied beyond the reasonable and supportable forecasts. Qualitative adjustments are then considered for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics, such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors, that may include, but are not limited to, results of internal loan reviews, examinations by bank regulatory agencies, or other such events such as a natural disaster. The ACL on loans represents our estimated risk of loss within its loan portfolio as of the reporting date. To appropriately measure expected credit losses, management disaggregates the loan portfolio into pools of similar risk characteristics.
Management may also adjust its assumptions to account for differences between expected and actual losses from period-to-period. The variability of management's assumptions could alter the ACL on loans materially and impact future results of operations and financial condition. The loss estimation models and methods used to determine the ACL are continually refined and enhanced.
Deferred Tax Assets. We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We exercise significant judgment in evaluating the amount and timing of recognition of the resulting tax liabilities and assets. These judgments require us to make projections of future taxable income. The judgments and estimates we make in determining our deferred tax assets, which are inherently subjective, are reviewed on a continual basis as regulatory and business factors change. Determining the proper valuation allowance for deferred taxes is critical in properly valuing the deferred tax asset and the related recognition of income tax expense or benefit. Any reduction in estimated future taxable income may require us to record a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.
Fair Value Measurements. The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. We estimate the fair value of a financial instrument and any related asset impairment using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, may be used, if available, to determine fair value. When observable market prices do not exist, we estimate fair value. These estimates are subjective in nature and imprecision in estimating these factors can impact the amount of gain or loss recorded.
Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025
Total Assets. Total assets increased $8.2 million, or 7.5%, to $118.4 million at September 30, 2026 from $110.2 million at December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in cash and cash equivalents resulting from the proceeds received in connection with the Company's stock conversion and stock offering. Additionally, investment securities increased $3.2 million, or 57.9%, while net loans receivable decreased $1.0 million, or 1.0%.
Cash and Due from Banks. Cash and due from banks increased $5.8 million, or 90.3%, to $12.2 million at September 30, 2026 from $6.4 million at December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in cash and cash equivalents resulting from the proceeds received in connection with the Company's stock conversion and stock offering.
Securities Available for Sale. Securities available for sale increased $3.2 million, or 57.9%, to $8.7 million at September 30, 2026 from $5.5 million at December 31, 2025. During the period, two municipal bonds were called. The Company purchased collateralized mortgage obligations during the period using a portion of the proceeds received from the stock conversion and stock offering.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock. Federal Home Loan Bank stock remained unchanged at $600,000 at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
Loans, net. Loans decreased $1.0 million, or 1.0%, to $91.6 million at September 30, 2026 from $92.6 million at December 31, 2025. The decrease primarily reflected continued paydowns of the purchased BHG Financial consumer loan portfolio as scheduled repayments and payoffs exceeded new loan purchases, as well as a decrease in commercial loans. These decreases were partially offset by growth in the single-family residential loan portfolio, multifamily and nonresidential real estate loans, and second mortgage loans. Construction and land loans decreased primarily due to the conversion of construction loans to permanent residential financing, contributing to the increase in single-family residential loans.
Bank-owned Life Insurance. Bank-owned life insurance increased $52,000, or 1.7%, primarily due to an increase in the cash surrender value of the existing policies.
Deposits. Deposits decreased $79,000, or 0.1%, to $82.1 million at September 30, 2026 from $82.2 million at December 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily attributable to depositors utilizing funds held in deposit accounts at the Company to purchase shares of the Company's common stock in connection with the stock conversion and stock offering. Brokered certificates of deposit totaled $6.1 million at September 30, 2026 and $8.0 million at December 31, 2025.
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances. Federal Home Loan Bank advances decreased $3.2 million, or 30.2% to $7.4 million at September 30, 2026, from $10.6 million at December 31, 2025.
Total Stockholders' Equity. Stockholders' equity increased $11.4 million, or 72.0%, to $27.2 million at September 30, 2026 from $15.8 million at December 31, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to the proceeds received from the Company's stock conversion and stock offering.
Average Balances and Yields. The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information at the dates and for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as the effects would be immaterial. Average yields include the effect of net deferred fee income, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense. Average balances are calculated using monthly average balances. Non-accrual loans are included in the computation of average balances only.
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At September 30, |
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Three Months Ended September 30, |
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|||||||||||||||
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|
|
2026 |
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2026 |
|
2025 |
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|||||||||||||
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|
Weighted |
|
Average |
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|
|
Average |
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|||
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Average |
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Outstanding |
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Average |
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Outstanding |
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Average |
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|||
|
|
|
Yield/Rate |
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Balance |
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Interest |
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Yield/Rate |
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Balance |
|
Interest |
|
Yield/Rate |
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|||||
|
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|
(Dollars in thousands) |
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|||||||||||||||||
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Interest-earning assets: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
3.60 |
% |
$ |
16,147 |
|
$ |
148 |
|
3.66 |
% |
$ |
6,288 |
|
$ |
72 |
|
4.58 |
% |
|
Investment securities available-for-sale |
|
|
3.59 |
|
|
5,615 |
|
|
50 |
|
3.58 |
|
|
5,585 |
|
|
48 |
|
3.45 |
|
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Loans receivable, net |
|
|
6.13 |
|
|
91,106 |
|
|
1,400 |
|
6.15 |
|
|
95,170 |
|
|
1,472 |
|
6.19 |
|
|
Other interest-earning assets |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
|
- |
|
- |
|
|
Total interest-earning assets |
|
5.64 |
|
112,868 |
|
1,598 |
5.66 |
|
107,043 |
|
1,592 |
5.95 |
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|||||||
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Non-interest-earning assets |
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- |
|
5,610 |
|
|
|
|
4,595 |
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|
- |
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|||||||
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Total assets |
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|
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$ |
118,478 |
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|
|
$ |
111,638 |
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Interest-bearing liabilities: |
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|||||||
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Savings accounts |
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0.84 |
% |
$ |
14,473 |
|
31 |
0.85 |
% |
$ |
14,859 |
|
26 |
0.70 |
% |
|||||
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Money market accounts |
|
1.93 |
|
9,986 |
|
49 |
1.96 |
|
9,123 |
|
41 |
1.81 |
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|||||||
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NOW accounts |
|
0.58 |
|
6,011 |
|
10 |
0.72 |
|
6,624 |
|
11 |
0.64 |
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|||||||
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Non-brokered certificates of deposit |
|
3.47 |
|
40,835 |
|
363 |
3.56 |
|
41,150 |
|
381 |
3.71 |
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|||||||
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Brokered certificates of deposit |
|
3.95 |
|
6,129 |
|
62 |
4.04 |
|
8,024 |
|
81 |
4.04 |
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|||||||
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Total interest-bearing deposits |
|
2.58 |
|
77,434 |
|
515 |
2.66 |
|
79,780 |
|
540 |
2.71 |
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|||||||
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Federal Home Loan Bank advances |
|
4.12 |
|
7,400 |
|
78 |
4.21 |
|
10,755 |
|
113 |
4.21 |
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|||||||
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Other interest-bearing liabilities |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
- |
|
- |
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- |
- |
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|||||||
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Total interest-bearing liabilities |
|
2.72 |
|
84,834 |
|
593 |
2.80 |
|
90,535 |
|
653 |
2.89 |
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|||||||
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Non-interest-bearing demand deposits |
|
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|
8,481 |
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- |
|
|
4,217 |
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- |
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|||||||
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Other non-interest-bearing liabilities |
|
|
|
1,648 |
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- |
|
|
1,333 |
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- |
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Total liabilities |
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|
94,963 |
|
593 |
|
|
96,085 |
|
653 |
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|||||||
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Total stockholders' equity |
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|
|
23,515 |
|
- |
|
|
15,553 |
|
- |
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|
|||||||
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Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |
|
|
|
118,478 |
|
|
593 |
|
|
111,638 |
|
653 |
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||||||
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Net interest income |
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|
|
$ |
1,005 |
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|
|
$ |
939 |
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||||
|
Net interest rate spread (1) |
|
|
2.93 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
2.86 |
% |
|
|
|
3.06 |
% |
||||
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Net interest-earning assets (2) |
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|
|
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$ |
28,034 |
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|
|
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$ |
16,508 |
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Net interest margin (3) |
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|
3.60 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
3.56 |
% |
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|
|
3.51 |
% |
||||
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Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |
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133.20 |
% |
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|
|
|
133.05 |
% |
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|
|
118.23 |
% |
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| (1) | Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of interest-bearing liabilities. |
| (2) | Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities. |
| (3) | Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets. |
Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Net Income. Net loss was $119,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to net income of $106,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $225,000, or 212.3%. The net loss in the current period was primarily due to a one-time charitable contribution expense of $375,000 associated with funding the charitable foundation established in connection with the Company's stock conversion and stock offering. Excluding this one-time expense item, the Company would have reported net income of $177,250 in the current period.
Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased $6,000, or 0.4%, to $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. Interest and fees on loans decreased $72,000, reflecting a $4.1 million, or 4.3%, decline in the average loan balance to $91.1 million. This decrease was largely offset by a $76,000 increase in interest income on interest-bearing deposits, attributable to higher average balances. Average interest-earning assets increased $5.9 million, or 5.4%, to $112.9 million, while the average yield on interest-earning assets decreased to 5.66% from 5.95% in the prior-year period.
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $60,000, or 9.2%, to $593,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2026 from $653,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was driven by both lower average balances of interest-bearing liabilities and a decrease in the overall cost of funds. Interest expense on deposits decreased $25,000, or 4.6%, reflecting a $2.3 million decrease in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits to $77.4 million, along with a decrease in the average rate to 2.66% from 2.71%. Interest expense on borrowings decreased $35,000, or 31.2%, driven by a $3.3 million decrease in the average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank advances to $7.4 million, and a static average rate of 4.21% .
Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $66,000, or 7.0%, to $1,005,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2026 from $939,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to growth in average interest-earning assets, particularly interest bearing deposits. Net interest spread decreased to 2.86% from 3.06%, while net interest margin increased to 3.56% from 3.51%. The improvement in margin reflects higher yields on interest-earning assets, partially offset by an increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
Provision for Credit Losses. Provision for credit losses was $-0- and $38,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025 respectively.
Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income was consistent at $40,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and $40,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025.
Non-interest Expense. Noninterest expense increased $383,000, or 46.8%, to $1,201,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2026 from $818,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to the expenses incurred by the Company's holding company in connection with the establishment of the charitable foundation and a $375,000 contribution to the charitable foundation.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased $54,000 to a credit of $37,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2026 from a $17,000 expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The effective tax rate was (23.5)% for the three months ended September 30, 2026. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was 13.7%.
Average Balances and Yields. The following table sets forth average balance sheets, average yields and costs, and certain other information at the dates and for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as the effects would be immaterial. Average yields include the effect of net deferred fee income, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense. Average balances are calculated using monthly average balances. Non-accrual loans are included in the computation of average balances only.
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At September 30, |
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Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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2026 |
|
2026 |
|
2025 |
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|||||||||||||
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Weighted |
|
Average |
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|
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|
Average |
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|
|||
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|
|
Average |
|
Outstanding |
|
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|
|
Average |
|
Outstanding |
|
|
|
|
Average |
|
|||
|
|
|
Yield/Rate |
|
Balance |
|
Interest |
|
Yield/Rate |
|
Balance |
|
Interest |
|
Yield/Rate |
|
|||||
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Interest-earning assets: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
3.60 |
% |
$ |
9,985 |
|
$ |
271 |
|
3.61 |
% |
$ |
5,040 |
|
$ |
168 |
|
4.45 |
% |
|
Investment securities available-for-sale |
|
|
3.59 |
|
|
5,523 |
|
|
147 |
|
3.56 |
|
|
5,638 |
|
|
142 |
|
3.36 |
|
|
Loans receivable, net |
|
|
6.13 |
|
|
91,720 |
|
|
4,223 |
|
6.14 |
|
|
87,601 |
|
|
3,927 |
|
5.98 |
|
|
Other interest-earning assets |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total interest-earning assets |
|
5.64 |
|
107,228 |
|
4,641 |
5.77 |
|
98,279 |
|
4,237 |
5.75 |
|
|||||||
|
Non-interest-earning assets |
|
- |
|
5,335 |
|
|
|
|
4,566 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
$ |
112,563 |
|
|
|
$ |
102,845 |
|
|
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|
|||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
Interest-bearing liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Savings accounts |
|
0.84 |
% |
$ |
14,679 |
|
86 |
0.78 |
% |
$ |
15,074 |
|
72 |
0.64 |
% |
|||||
|
Money market accounts |
|
1.93 |
|
9,547 |
|
129 |
1.80 |
|
9,154 |
|
121 |
1.76 |
|
|||||||
|
NOW accounts |
|
0.58 |
|
6,154 |
|
29 |
0.63 |
|
6,516 |
|
31 |
0.62 |
|
|||||||
|
Non-brokered certificates of deposit |
|
3.47 |
|
40,314 |
|
1,063 |
3.51 |
|
39,100 |
|
1,087 |
3.71 |
|
|||||||
|
Brokered certificates of deposit |
|
3.95 |
|
6,957 |
|
209 |
4.01 |
|
4,517 |
|
136 |
4.02 |
|
|||||||
|
Total interest-bearing deposits |
|
2.58 |
|
77,651 |
|
1,516 |
2.60 |
|
74,361 |
|
1,447 |
2.59 |
|
|||||||
|
Federal Home Loan Bank advances |
|
4.12 |
|
8,608 |
|
268 |
4.16 |
|
7,833 |
|
248 |
4.22 |
|
|||||||
|
Other interest-bearing liabilities |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total interest-bearing liabilities |
|
2.72 |
|
86,259 |
|
1,784 |
2.76 |
|
82,194 |
|
1,695 |
2.75 |
|
|||||||
|
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits |
|
|
|
6,182 |
|
|
|
|
3,945 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities |
|
|
|
1,645 |
|
|
|
|
1,302 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total liabilities |
|
|
|
94,086 |
|
1,784 |
|
|
87,441 |
|
1,695 |
|
|
|||||||
|
Total stockholders' equity |
|
|
|
18,477 |
|
|
|
|
15,404 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |
|
|
|
112,563 |
|
|
1,784 |
|
|
102,845 |
|
1,695 |
|
|
||||||
|
Net interest income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2,857 |
|
|
|
$ |
2,542 |
|
|
||||
|
Net interest rate spread (1) |
|
|
2.92 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
3.01 |
% |
|
|
|
3.00 |
% |
||||
|
Net interest-earning assets (2) |
|
|
|
|
$ |
20,969 |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
16,085 |
|
|
|
||||
|
Net interest margin (3) |
|
|
3.60 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
3.55 |
% |
|
|
|
3.45 |
% |
||||
|
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities |
|
133.20 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
124.31 |
% |
|
|
|
119.57 |
% |
|||||
Comparison of Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
Net Income. Net income was $137,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $326,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $189,000, or 58.0%. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $316,000 increase in net interest income and a $40,000 decrease in income tax expense, offset by a $586,000 increase in noninterest expense. Contributing to the increase in noninterest expense was the one-time charitable contribution expense of $375,000 associated with funding the charitable foundation established in connection with the Company's stock conversion and stock offering. Excluding this one-time expense item, the Company would have reported net income of $433,250 in the current period.
Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income increased $404,000, or 9.5%, to $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 from $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to a $296,000 increase in interest and fees on loans, reflecting both an increase of $4.1 million, or 4.7%, in the average balance of loans to $91.7 million and an increase in the average yield on loans to 6.14% from 5.98%. Interest income on interest-bearing deposits increased $103,000 due to higher average balances, while investment income remained unchanged. Average interest-earning assets increased $8.9 million, or 9.1%, to $107.2 million, while the yield on interest-earning assets increased to 5.77% from 5.75%.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $88,000, or 5.2%, to $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, from $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was driven by both higher average balances of interest-bearing liabilities and an increase in the overall cost of funds. Interest expense on deposits increased $69,000, or 4.8%, reflecting a $3.3 million increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits to $77.7 million, along with an increase in the average rate to 2.60% from 2.59%. Interest expense on borrowings increased $20,000, or 8.1%, driven by a $775,000 increase in the average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank advances to $8.6 million, and a decrease in the average rate to 4.16% from 4.22%.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased $316,000, or 12.4%, to $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 from $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to growth in average interest-earning assets, particularly interest bearing deposits, as well as higher asset yields. Net interest spread increased to 3.01% from 3.00%, while net interest margin increased to 3.55% from 3.45%. The improvement in margin reflects higher yields on interest-earning assets, partially offset by an increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
Provision for Credit Losses. Provision for credit losses was $-0- and $51,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025 respectively.
Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income decreased $10,000, or 8.0% to $115,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 from $125,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Non-interest Expense. Noninterest expense increased $586,000, or 26.1%, to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 from $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Salaries and employee benefits increased $166,000, or 12.4%. The increase was primarily attributable to expenses incurred by the Company's holding company in connection with the establishment of the charitable foundation, including a $375,000 contribution to the charitable foundation.
Income Tax Expense. Income tax expense decreased $40,000 to $9,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 from $49,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The effective tax rate was 6.50% for the nine months ended September 30, 2026. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 13.3%.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity. Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, and proceeds from maturities of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati. At September 30, 2026, we had the capacity to borrow $27.5 million from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati, of which $7.4 million was outstanding. At September 30, 2026, we also had a cash management line of credit agreement with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati with a credit line of $3.0 million, none of which was outstanding. In addition, at September 30, 2026, we had a $5.0 million credit facility with a correspondent bank, none of which was outstanding. Management also considered brokered deposits scheduled to mature within the next twelve months. At September 30, 2026, approximately $1.8 million of brokered deposits are scheduled to mature on October 29, 2026, and $681,000 on April 25, 2027.
While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and short-term investments, the levels of which depend on our operating, financing, lending, and investing activities during any given period.
Our cash flows are comprised of three primary classifications: cash flows from operating activities, cash flows from investing activities, and cash flows from financing activities. For further information, see the statements of cash flows contained in the accompanying financial statements.
We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position and monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. At September 30, 2026, certificates of deposit that are scheduled to mature in less than one year from that date totaled $26.6 million. Based on our deposit retention experience and current pricing strategy, we anticipate retaining a significant portion of certificates of deposit as they mature. However, if a substantial portion is not retained, we may have to use Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati borrowings and/or brokered deposits or raise interest rates on deposits to attract new accounts, which would increase interest expense. CSB Financial Inc. is a separate legal entity from Community Savings Bank and must provide for its own liquidity to pay its operating expenses and other financial obligations. CSB Financial Inc.'s primary source of income is dividends received from Community Savings Bank. The amount of dividends that Community Savings Bank may declare and pay to CSB Financial Inc. is governed by applicable bank regulations. At September 30, 2026, CSB Financial Inc. (on an unconsolidated basis) had liquid assets of $4.3 million.
Capital Resources. At September 30, 2026, Community Savings Bank exceeded all regulatory capital levels required to be considered "well capitalized."
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. At September 30, 2026, we had $7.7 million of unfunded commitments under lines of credit and $5.3 million of standby letters of credit.