Issue Brief on “Counter-Insurgency in India: India’s Military and Political Strategies to Control and...

Introduction

Successive Indian governments-regardless of the ruling party-have tried to prove that India is one nation with various cultures as part of one union. In reality, India, being a diverse country with a large landmass, has faced multiple insurgent groups asserting their political agendas. This includes Naxalite (Maoist) movements in Southern and Eastern India; various rebel groups in north eastern states; resistance groups in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu & Kashmir (IIOJK); the Khalistan separatists in Punjab, etc. In recent years, the Indian government and military have launched various robust counter-insurgency measures especially against the Maoist insurgents.[1] India's Home Minister Amit Shah vowed to eradicate Maoist Insurgency by March 2026.[2] In order to achieve the targets, India has been using multifaceted strategy, involving both kinetic and non-kinetic methods.

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