Primary Offering Prospectus (Form 424B2)

Preliminary Pricing Supplement No. 12,583

Registration Statement Nos. 333-275587; 333-275587-01

Dated December 8, 2025

Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

Structured Investments

Jump Notes with Auto-Callable Feature due December 15, 2028

Based on the Worst Performing of the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF and iShares® Silver Trust

Fully and Unconditionally Guaranteed by Morgan Stanley

￭The notes are unsecured obligations of Morgan Stanley Finance LLC ("MSFL") and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Morgan Stanley. The notes will pay no interest and have the terms described in the accompanying product supplement and prospectus, as supplemented or modified by this document.

￭Automatic early redemption. The notes will be automatically redeemed if the closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its call threshold level on any determination date (other than the final determination date) for an early redemption payment that will increase over the term of the notes. No further payments will be made on the notes once they have been automatically redeemed.

￭Payment at maturity. If the notes have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity and the final level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its call threshold level, investors will receive a fixed positive return at maturity. If, however, the final level of either underlier is less than its call threshold level, investors will receive only the stated principal amount at maturity.

￭The value of the notes is based on the worst performing underlier. The fact that the notes are linked to more than one underlier does not provide any asset diversification benefits and instead means that poor performance by either underlier will adversely affect your return on the notes, regardless of the performance of the other underlier.

￭The notes are for investors who are concerned about principal risk and who are willing to forgo current income in exchange for the repayment of principal at maturity and the possibility of receiving an early redemption payment or payment at maturity that exceeds the stated principal amount. You will not participate in any appreciation of the underlier. The notes are notes issued as part of MSFL's Series A Global Medium-Term Notes program.

￭All payments are subject to our credit risk. If we default on our obligations, you could lose some or all of your investment. These notes are not secured obligations and you will not have any security interest in, or otherwise have any access to, any underlying reference asset or assets.

(1)Selected dealers and their financial advisors will collectively receive from the agent, MS & Co., a fixed sales commission of $ for each note they sell. See "Supplemental information regarding plan of distribution; conflicts of interest." For additional information, see "Plan of Distribution (Conflicts of Interest)" in the accompanying product supplement.

(2)See "Use of Proceeds and Hedging" in the accompanying product supplement.

The notes involve risks not associated with an investment in ordinary debt securities. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 8.

The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved these notes, or determined if this document or the accompanying product supplement and prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The notes are not deposits or savings accounts and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency or instrumentality, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

You should read this document together with the related product supplement and prospectus, each of which can be accessed via the hyperlinks below. Please also see "Additional Terms of the Notes" and "Additional Information About the Notes" at the end of this document.

References to "we," "us" and "our" refer to Morgan Stanley or MSFL, or Morgan Stanley and MSFL collectively, as the context requires.

Product Supplementfor Notesdated February 7, 2025

Prospectus dated April 12, 2024

Morgan Stanley Finance LLC

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Determination Dates, Early Redemption Dates and Early Redemption Payments

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Estimated Value of the Notes

The original issue price of each note is $1,000. This price includes costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the notes, which are borne by you, and, consequently, the estimated value of the notes on the pricing date will be less than $1,000. Our estimate of the value of the notes as determined on the pricing date will be within the range specified on the cover hereof and will be set forth on the cover of the final pricing supplement.

What goes into the estimated value on the pricing date?

In valuing the notes on the pricing date, we take into account that the notes comprise both a debt component and a performance-based component linked to the underliers. The estimated value of the notes is determined using our own pricing and valuation models, market inputs and assumptions relating to the underliers, instruments based on the underliers, volatility and other factors including current and expected interest rates, as well as an interest rate related to our secondary market credit spread, which is the implied interest rate at which our conventional fixed rate debt trades in the secondary market.

What determines the economic terms of the notes?

In determining the economic terms of the notes, we use an internal funding rate, which is likely to be lower than our secondary market credit spreads and therefore advantageous to us. If the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging costs borne by you were lower or if the internal funding rate were higher, one or more of the economic terms of the notes would be more favorable to you.

What is the relationship between the estimated value on the pricing date and the secondary market price of the notes?

The price at which MS & Co. purchases the notes in the secondary market, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underliers, may vary from, and be lower than, the estimated value on the pricing date, because the secondary market price takes into account our secondary market credit spread as well as the bid-offer spread that MS & Co. would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type and other factors. However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the notes are not fully deducted upon issuance, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the notes in the secondary market during the amortization period specified herein, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underliers, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value. We expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.

MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the notes, and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time.

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Hypothetical Examples

The following hypothetical examples illustrate how to determine whether the notes will be automatically redeemed with respect to a determination date and how to calculate the payment at maturity if the notes have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only. Whether the notes are automatically redeemed prior to maturity will be determined by reference to the closing level of each underlier on each determination date. The payment at maturity will be determined by reference to the closing level of each underlier on the final determination date. The actual initial level and call threshold level for each underlier will be determined on the strike date. All payments on the notes are subject to our credit risk. The numbers in the hypothetical examples below may have been rounded for ease of analysis. The below examples are based on the following terms:

*The hypothetical initial level of $100.00 for each underlier has been chosen for illustrative purposes only and does not represent the actual initial level of either underlier. Please see "Historical Information" below for historical data regarding the actual closing levels of the underliers.

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How to determine whether the notes will be automatically redeemed with respect to a determination date:

On hypothetical determination date #1, because the closing level of at least one underlier is less than its call threshold level, the notes are not automatically redeemed on the related early redemption date.

On hypothetical determination date #2, because the closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its call threshold level, the notes are automatically redeemed on the related early redemption date for an early redemption payment corresponding to a return of approximately 7.00% per annum. No further payments are made on the notes once they have been automatically redeemed.

If the closing level of either underlier is less than its call threshold level on each determination date, the notes will not be automatically redeemed prior to maturity.

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How to calculate the payment at maturity (if the notes have not been automatically redeemed):

The hypothetical examples below illustrate how to calculate the payment at maturity if the notes have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity.

In example #1, the final level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its call threshold level. Therefore, investors receive at maturity a payment corresponding to a return of approximately 7.00% per annum. Investors do not participate in any appreciation of either underlier.

In examples #2 and #3, the final level of at least one underlier is less than its call threshold level. Therefore, investors receive at maturity the stated principal amount.

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Risk Factors

This section describes the material risks relating to the notes. For further discussion of these and other risks, you should read the section entitled "Risk Factors" in the accompanying product supplement and prospectus. We also urge you to consult with your investment, legal, tax, accounting and other advisers in connection with your investment in the notes.

Risks Relating to an Investment in the Notes

￭The notes may not pay more than the stated principal amount at maturity. If the notes have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity and the final level of either underlier is less than its call threshold level, you will receive only the stated principal amount at maturity, and you will not receive a positive return on your investment.

￭The notes do not pay interest. Because the notes do not pay interest, if the notes have not been automatically redeemed prior to maturity and the final level of either underlier is less than its call threshold level, you will not receive a positive return on your investment, and therefore the overall return on the notes (the effective yield to maturity) will be less than the amount that would be paid on an ordinary debt security. Accordingly, the return of only the stated principal amount at maturity will not compensate you for the effects of inflation and other factors relating to the value of money over time.

￭The appreciation potential of the notes is limited by the fixed early redemption payment or payment at maturity specified for each determination date. The appreciation potential of the notes is limited by the applicable fixed early redemption payment or payment at maturity, as applicable, payable only if the closing level of each underlier is greater than or equal to its call threshold level on the related determination date. In all cases, you will not participate in any appreciation of either underlier, which could be significant.

￭The notes are subject to early redemption risk. The term of your investment in the notes may be shortened due to the automatic early redemption feature of the notes. If the notes are automatically redeemed prior to maturity, you will receive no further payments on the notes, may be forced to invest in a lower interest rate environment and may not be able to reinvest at comparable terms or returns. However, under no circumstances will the notes be redeemed prior to the first determination date.

￭The market price of the notes may be influenced by many unpredictable factors. Several factors, many of which are beyond our control, will influence the value of the notes in the secondary market and the price at which MS & Co. may be willing to purchase or sell the notes in the secondary market. We expect that generally the value of each underlier at any time will affect the value of the notes more than any other single factor. Other factors that may influence the value of the notes include:

othe volatility (frequency and magnitude of changes in value) of the underliers;

ointerest and yield rates in the market;

odividend rates on the underliers;

othe level of correlation between the underliers;

ogeopolitical conditions and economic, financial, political, regulatory or judicial events that affect the underliers or equity or commodity markets generally;

othe availability of comparable instruments;

othe occurrence of certain events affecting the underliers that may or may not require an adjustment to an adjustment factor;

othe composition of each underlier and changes in the component securities of each underlier;

othe time remaining until the notes mature; and

oany actual or anticipated changes in our credit ratings or credit spreads.

Some or all of these factors will influence the price that you will receive if you sell your notes prior to maturity. Generally, the longer the time remaining to maturity, the more the market price of the notes will be affected by the other factors described above. For example, you may have to sell your notes at a substantial discount from the stated principal amount if, at the time of sale, the closing level of either underlier is at, below or not sufficiently above its call threshold level, or if market interest rates rise.

You can review the historical closing levels of the underliers in the section of this document called "Historical Information." You cannot predict the future performance of an underlier based on its historical performance. The values of the underliers may be, and have recently been, volatile, and we can give you no assurance that the volatility will lessen. There can be no assurance that the closing level of each underlier will be greater than or equal to its call threshold level on any determination date so that you will receive a payment on the notes that exceeds the stated principal amount of the notes.

￭The notes are subject to our credit risk, and any actual or anticipated changes to our credit ratings or credit spreads may adversely affect the market value of the notes. You are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the notes, and, therefore, you are subject to our credit risk. The notes are not guaranteed by any other entity. If we default on our obligations under the notes, your investment would be at risk and you could lose some or all of your investment. As a result, the market value of the notes prior to maturity will be affected by changes in the market's view of our creditworthiness. Any actual or anticipated decline in

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our credit ratings or increase in the credit spreads charged by the market for taking our credit risk is likely to adversely affect the market value of the notes.

￭As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations and will have no independent assets. As a finance subsidiary, MSFL has no independent operations beyond the issuance and administration of its securities and will have no independent assets available for distributions to holders of MSFL securities if they make claims in respect of such securities in a bankruptcy, resolution or similar proceeding. Accordingly, any recoveries by such holders will be limited to those available under the related guarantee by Morgan Stanley and that guarantee will rank pari passu with all other unsecured, unsubordinated obligations of Morgan Stanley. Holders will have recourse only to a single claim against Morgan Stanley and its assets under the guarantee. Holders of securities issued by MSFL should accordingly assume that in any such proceedings they would not have any priority over and should be treated pari passu with the claims of other unsecured, unsubordinated creditors of Morgan Stanley, including holders of Morgan Stanley-issued securities.

￭The rate we are willing to pay for securities of this type, maturity and issuance size is likely to be lower than the rate implied by our secondary market credit spreads and advantageous to us. Both the lower rate and the inclusion of costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the notes in the original issue price reduce the economic terms of the notes, cause the estimated value of the notes to be less than the original issue price and will adversely affect secondary market prices. Assuming no change in market conditions or any other relevant factors, the prices, if any, at which dealers, including MS & Co., may be willing to purchase the notes in secondary market transactions will likely be significantly lower than the original issue price, because secondary market prices will exclude the issuing, selling, structuring and hedging-related costs that are included in the original issue price and borne by you and because the secondary market prices will reflect our secondary market credit spreads and the bid-offer spread that any dealer would charge in a secondary market transaction of this type as well as other factors.

The inclusion of the costs of issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the notes in the original issue price and the lower rate we are willing to pay as issuer make the economic terms of the notes less favorable to you than they otherwise would be.

However, because the costs associated with issuing, selling, structuring and hedging the notes are not fully deducted upon issuance, to the extent that MS & Co. may buy or sell the notes in the secondary market during the amortization period specified herein, absent changes in market conditions, including those related to the underliers, and to our secondary market credit spreads, it would do so based on values higher than the estimated value, and we expect that those higher values will also be reflected in your brokerage account statements.

￭The estimated value of the notes is determined by reference to our pricing and valuation models, which may differ from those of other dealers and is not a maximum or minimum secondary market price. These pricing and valuation models are proprietary and rely in part on subjective views of certain market inputs and certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, because there is no market-standard way to value these types of securities, our models may yield a higher estimated value of the notes than those generated by others, including other dealers in the market, if they attempted to value the notes. In addition, the estimated value on the pricing date does not represent a minimum or maximum price at which dealers, including MS & Co., would be willing to purchase your notes in the secondary market (if any exists) at any time. The value of your notes at any time after the date of this document will vary based on many factors that cannot be predicted with accuracy, including our creditworthiness and changes in market conditions. See also "The market price of the notes may be influenced by many unpredictable factors" above.

￭The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange and secondary trading may be limited. The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Therefore, there may be little or no secondary market for the notes. MS & Co. may, but is not obligated to, make a market in the notes and, if it once chooses to make a market, may cease doing so at any time. When it does make a market, it will generally do so for transactions of routine secondary market size at prices based on its estimate of the current value of the notes, taking into account its bid/offer spread, our credit spreads, market volatility, the notional size of the proposed sale, the cost of unwinding any related hedging positions, the time remaining to maturity and the likelihood that it will be able to resell the notes. Even if there is a secondary market, it may not provide enough liquidity to allow you to trade or sell the notes easily. Since other broker-dealers may not participate significantly in the secondary market for the notes, the price at which you may be able to trade your notes is likely to depend on the price, if any, at which MS & Co. is willing to transact. If, at any time, MS & Co. were to cease making a market in the notes, it is likely that there would be no secondary market for the notes. Accordingly, you should be willing to hold your notes to maturity.

￭As discussed in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, investing in the notes is not equivalent to investing in the underlier(s).

￭You may be required to recognize taxable income on the notes prior to maturity. If you are a U.S. investor in a note, under the treatment of a note as a contingent payment debt instrument, you will generally be required to recognize taxable interest income in each year that you hold the note. In addition, any gain you recognize under the rules applicable to contingent payment debt instruments will generally be treated as ordinary interest income rather than capital gain. You should review carefully the section entitled "United States Federal Income Tax Considerations" herein, in combination with the section entitled "United States

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Federal Income Tax Considerations" in the accompanying product supplement, and consult your tax adviser regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the notes.

Risks Relating to the Underlier(s)

￭Because your return on the notes will depend upon the performance of the underlier(s), the notes are subject to the following risk(s), as discussed in more detail in the accompanying product supplement.

oYou are exposed to the price risk of each underlier.

oBecause the notes are linked to the performance of the worst performing underlier, you are exposed to a greater risk of not receiving a positive return on the notes than if the notes were linked to just one underlier.

oThere are risks associated with investments in securities linked to the value of foreign equity securities.

oSecurities linked to certain underliers are subject to currency exchange risk.

oAdjustments to an underlying fund or the index tracked by such underlying fund could adversely affect the value of the notes.

oThe performance and market price of an underlying fund, particularly during periods of market volatility, may not correlate with the performance of its share underlying index, the performance of the component securities of its share underlying index or the net asset value per share of such underlying fund.

oInvestments linked to commodities are subject to sharp fluctuations in commodity prices.

oSingle commodity prices tend to be more volatile than, and may not correlate with, the prices of commodities generally.

oThe performance and market price of an underlying fund, particularly during periods of market volatility, may not correlate with the performance of its share underlying commodity or the net asset value per share of such underlying fund.

oThe anti-dilution adjustments the calculation agent is required to make do not cover every event that could affect an underlying fund.

￭The VanEck® Gold Miners ETF has announced a change to the share underlying index that it tracks. Prior to market close on September 19, 2025, the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF's share underlying index was the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index. After market close on September 19, 2025, the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF 's share underling index changed to the MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index. The MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index differs from the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index, including in the use of different market capitalization criteria for inclusion in the index and different weighting schemes. Accordingly, the composition of the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF changed as a result of this transition. In connection with this change, the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF may have experienced, and may continue to experience, additional portfolio turnover, and the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF may have experienced, and may continue to experience, higher tracking error than had been typical for the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF. This change could have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the performance of the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF and, in turn, your return on the notes. In addition, when evaluating the historical performance of the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF included below, you should bear in mind that the historical performance of the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF might have been meaningfully different had the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF tracked the MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index prior to September 19, 2025.

￭The notes are subject to risks associated with the gold and silver mining industry. Because the notes are linked to the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF, the notes are subject to certain risks applicable to the gold and silver mining industry. The stocks included in the MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index and that are generally tracked by the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF are stocks of companies primarily engaged in the mining of gold or silver. The VanEck® Gold Miners ETF may be subject to increased price volatility as it is linked to a single industry, market or sector, and may be more susceptible to adverse economic, market, political or regulatory occurrences affecting that industry, market or sector.

Because the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF primarily invests in stocks, American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") and Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") of companies that are involved in the gold mining industry, the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF is subject to certain risks associated with such companies.

Competitive pressures may have a significant effect on the financial condition of companies in the gold mining industry. Also, gold mining companies are highly dependent on the price of gold. Gold prices are subject to volatile price movements over short periods of time and are affected by numerous factors. These include economic factors, including, among other things, the structure of and confidence in the global monetary system, expectations of the future rate of inflation, the relative strength of, and confidence in, the U.S. dollar (the currency in which the price of gold is generally quoted), interest rates and gold borrowing and lending rates, and global or regional economic, financial, political, regulatory, judicial or other events. Gold prices may also be affected by industry factors such as industrial and jewelry demand, lending, sales and purchases of gold by the official sector, including central banks

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and other governmental agencies and multilateral institutions which hold gold, levels of gold production and production costs, and short-term changes in supply and demand because of trading activities in the gold market.

The VanEck® Gold Miners ETF invests to a lesser extent in stocks, ADRs and GDRs of companies involved in the silver mining industry. Silver mining companies are highly dependent on the price of silver. Silver prices can fluctuate widely and may be affected by numerous factors. These include general economic trends, technical developments, substitution issues and regulation, as well as specific factors including industrial and jewelry demand, expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, the relative strength of the U.S. dollar (the currency in which the price of silver is generally quoted) and other currencies, interest rates, central bank sales, forward sales by producers, global or regional political or economic events, and production costs and disruptions in major silver producing countries. The supply of silver consists of a combination of new mine production and existing stocks of bullion and fabricated silver held by governments, public and private financial institutions, industrial organizations and private individuals. In addition, the price of silver has on occasion been subject to very rapid short-term changes due to speculative activities. From time to time, above-ground inventories of silver may also influence the market. The major end-uses for silver include industrial applications, jewelry, photography and silverware.

￭The notes are subject to risks associated with silver. The investment objective of the iShares® Silver Trust is to reflect generally the performance of the price of silver, less the iShares® Silver Trust's expenses. The price of silver is primarily affected by global demand for and supply of silver. Silver prices can fluctuate widely and may be affected by numerous factors. These include general economic trends, technical developments, substitution issues and regulation, as well as specific factors including industrial and jewelry demand, expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, the relative strength of the U.S. dollar (as the currency in which the price of silver is generally quoted) and other currencies, interest rates, central bank sales, forward sales by producers, global or regional political or economic events and production costs and disruptions in major silver-producing countries, such as Mexico, China and Peru. The demand for and supply of silver affect silver prices, but not necessarily in the same manner as supply and demand affect the prices of other commodities. The supply of silver consists of a combination of new mine production and existing stocks of bullion and fabricated silver held by governments, public and private financial institutions, industrial organizations and private individuals. In addition, the price of silver has on occasion been subject to very rapid short-term changes due to speculative activities. From time to time, above-ground inventories of silver may also influence the market. The major end-uses for silver include industrial applications, jewelry and silverware. It is not possible to predict the aggregate effect of any or all of these factors.

￭There are risks relating to trading of commodities on the London Bullion Market Association. The price of silver is determined by the London Bullion Market Association (the "LBMA") or an independent service-provider appointed by the LBMA. The LBMA is a self-regulatory association of bullion market participants. Although all market-making members of the LBMA are supervised by the Bank of England and are required to satisfy a capital adequacy test, the LBMA itself is not a regulated entity. If the LBMA should cease operations, or if bullion trading should become subject to a value added tax or other tax or any other form of regulation not currently in place, the role of the LBMA silver price as a global benchmark for the value of silver may be adversely affected. The LBMA is a principals' market that operates in a manner more closely analogous to an over-the-counter physical commodity market than a regulated futures markets, and certain features of U.S. futures contracts are not present in the context of LBMA trading. For example, there are no daily price limits on the LBMA that would otherwise restrict fluctuations in the prices of LBMA contracts. In a declining market, it is possible that prices would continue to decline without limitation within a trading day or over a period of trading days. The LBMA may alter, discontinue or suspend calculation or dissemination of the LBMA silver price, which could adversely affect the value of the notes. The LBMA, or an independent service-provider appointed by the LBMA, will have no obligation to consider your interests in calculating or revising the LBMA silver price.

￭Suspensions or disruptions of market trading in commodity and related futures markets could adversely affect the value of the notes. The commodity markets are subject to temporary distortions or other disruptions due to various factors, including the lack of liquidity in the markets, the participation of speculators and government regulation and intervention. In addition, U.S. futures exchanges and some foreign exchanges have regulations that limit the amount of fluctuation in futures contract prices which may occur during a single business day. These limits are generally referred to as "daily price fluctuation limits" and the maximum or minimum price of a contract on any given day as a result of these limits is referred to as a "limit price." Once the limit price has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made at a different price. Limit prices have the effect of precluding trading in a particular contract or forcing the liquidation of contracts at disadvantageous times or prices. These circumstances could adversely affect the value of the underlier and, therefore, the value of the notes.

Risks Relating to Conflicts of Interest

In engaging in certain activities described below and as discussed in more detail in the accompanying product supplement, our affiliates may take actions that may adversely affect the value of and your return on the notes, and in so doing they will have no obligation to consider your interests as an investor in the notes.

￭The calculation agent, which is a subsidiary of Morgan Stanley and an affiliate of MSFL, will make determinations with respect to the notes. As calculation agent, MS & Co. will make any determinations necessary to calculate any payment(s) on the notes. Moreover, certain determinations made by MS & Co., in its capacity as calculation agent, may require it to exercise discretion and make subjective judgments, which may adversely affect your return on the notes. In addition, MS & Co. has determined the estimated value of the notes on the pricing date.

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￭Hedging and trading activity by our affiliates could potentially adversely affect the value of the notes.

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Historical Information

VanEck® Gold Miners ETF Overview

Bloomberg Ticker Symbol: GDX UP

The VanEck® Gold Miners ETF is an exchange-traded fund that seeks investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of its share underlying index, which is the MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index. The underlying fund manager with respect to the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF is VanEck® ETF Trust, which is a registered investment company. It is possible that the underlier may not fully replicate the performance of its share underlying index due to the temporary unavailability of certain securities in the secondary market or due to other extraordinary circumstances. Prior to market close on September 19, 2025, the VanEck® Gold Miners ETF share underlying index was the NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index. Information provided to or filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by the underlying fund manager pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940 can be located by reference to Securities and Exchange Commission file numbers 333-123257 and 811-10325, respectively, through the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding the underlier may be obtained from other sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. Neither we nor the agent makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding the underlier is accurate or complete.

The closing level of the GDX Fund on December 5, 2025 was $81.03. The following graph sets forth the daily closing levels of the underlier for the period noted below. We obtained the historical information presented in this document from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent verification. The underlier has at times experienced periods of high volatility. You should not take the historical closing levels of the underlier as an indication of its future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the closing level of the underlier at any time.

This document relates only to the notes referenced hereby and does not relate to the underlier. We have derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding the underlier from the publicly available documents described above. In connection with this offering of notes, neither we nor the agent has participated in the preparation of such documents or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to the underlier. Neither we nor the agent makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding the underlier is accurate or complete. Furthermore, we cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the underlier (and therefore the closing level of the underlier on the strike date) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning the underlier could affect the value received with respect to the notes and therefore the value of the notes.

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Neither we nor any of our affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the underlier.

We and/or our affiliates may presently or from time to time engage in business with the underlying fund manager. In the course of such business, we and/or our affiliates may acquire non-public information with respect to the underlier, and neither we nor any of our affiliates undertakes to disclose any such information to you. In addition, one or more of our affiliates may publish research reports with respect to the underlier. The statements in the preceding two sentences are not intended to affect the rights of investors in the notes under the securities laws. You should undertake an independent investigation of the underlier as in your judgment is appropriate to make an informed decision with respect to an investment linked to the underlier.

The notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by the underlying fund manager. The underlying fund manager makes no representations or warranties to the owners of the notes or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in the notes. The underlying fund manager has no obligation or liability in connection with the operation, marketing, trading or sale of the notes.

MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index. The MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index is a float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index comprised of publicly traded companies involved primarily in the mining of gold and silver. The MarketVector Global Gold Miners Index includes common stocks, ADRs or GDRs of selected companies involved in the mining for gold and silver ore and are listed for trading and electronically quoted on a major stock market that is accessible by foreign investors.

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iShares® Silver Trust Overview

Bloomberg Ticker Symbol: SLV UP

The iShares® Silver Trust (the "Silver Trust") is an investment trust sponsored by iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC that seeks to provide investment results that reflect the performance of the price of silver, which is its share underlying commodity, less its expenses. The assets of the Silver Trust consist primarily of silver held by a custodian on behalf of the Silver Trust. Information provided to or filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by the Silver Trust pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 can be located by reference to Securities and Exchange Commission file number 001-32863 through the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at www.sec.gov. In addition, information regarding the underlier may be obtained from other publicly available sources including, but not limited to, press releases, newspaper articles and other publicly disseminated documents. Neither we nor the agent makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding the underlier is accurate or complete.

We have derived all information regarding the Silver Trust, including its composition and method of calculation, from publicly available information, without independent verification. This information reflects the policies of, and is subject to change by, iShares® Delaware Trust Sponsor LLC, a subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc. The Bank of New York Mellon is the trustee of the Silver Trust, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is the custodian of the Silver Trust. Shares of the Silver Trust trade under the ticker symbol "SLV" on NYSE Arca, Inc.

The Silver Trust issues shares in exchange for deposits of silver and distributes silver in connection with the redemption of shares. The shares of the Silver Trust are intended to constitute a simple and cost-effective means of making an investment similar to an investment in silver.

The Silver Trust does not engage in any activity designed to derive a profit from changes in the price of silver. The Silver Trust's only ordinary recurring expense is expected to be the sponsor's fee, which accrues daily at an annualized rate equal to 0.50% of the net asset value of the Silver Trust and is payable monthly in arrears. The trustee of the Silver Trust will, when directed by the sponsor of the Silver Trust, and, in the absence of such direction, may in its discretion, sell silver in such quantity and at such times as may be necessary to permit payment of the Silver Trust sponsor's fee and of Silver Trust expenses or liabilities not assumed by the sponsor. As a result of the recurring sales of silver necessary to pay the Silver Trust sponsor's fee and the Silver Trust expenses or liabilities not assumed by the Silver Trust sponsor, the net asset value of the Silver Trust will decrease over time.

The closing level of the SLV Fund on December 5, 2025 was $52.95. The following graph sets forth the daily closing levels of the underlier for the period noted below. We obtained the historical information presented in this document from Bloomberg Financial Markets, without independent verification. The underlier has at times experienced periods of high volatility. You should not take the historical closing levels of the underlier as an indication of its future performance, and no assurance can be given as to the closing level of the underlier at any time.

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This document relates only to the notes referenced hereby and does not relate to the underlier. We have derived all disclosures contained in this document regarding the underlier from the publicly available documents described above. In connection with this offering of notes, neither we nor the agent has participated in the preparation of such documents or made any due diligence inquiry with respect to the underlier. Neither we nor the agent makes any representation that such publicly available documents or any other publicly available information regarding the underlier is accurate or complete. Furthermore, we cannot give any assurance that all events occurring prior to the date hereof (including events that would affect the accuracy or completeness of the publicly available documents described above) that would affect the trading price of the underlier (and therefore the closing level of the underlier on the strike date) have been publicly disclosed. Subsequent disclosure of any such events or the disclosure of or failure to disclose material future events concerning the underlier could affect the value received with respect to the notes and therefore the value of the notes.

Neither we nor any of our affiliates makes any representation to you as to the performance of the underlier.

We and/or our affiliates may presently or from time to time engage in business with the Silver Trust. In the course of such business, we and/or our affiliates may acquire non-public information with respect to the underlier, and neither we nor any of our affiliates undertakes to disclose any such information to you. In addition, one or more of our affiliates may publish research reports with respect to the underlier. The statements in the preceding two sentences are not intended to affect the rights of investors in the notes under the securities laws. You should undertake an independent investigation of the underlier as in your judgment is appropriate to make an informed decision with respect to an investment linked to the underlier.

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Additional Terms of the Notes

Please read this information in conjunction with the terms on the cover of this document.

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Additional Information About the Notes

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