Ammonia Port Preparedness and Emergency Response (AmPPER) Project - Curtain Mitigation Technologies Survey

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The Curtain Mitigation Technologies Survey is part of the Ammonia Port Preparedness and Emergency Response (AmPPER) Project. This report provides a survey of water- and air-based mitigation technologies for large-scale ammonia releases. Ammonia's growing use and larger volumes increases risks at U.S. ports, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. Through market surveys and literature reviews, water nozzles emerge as the most promising technology due to their absorption efficiency and scalability, while air-based methods are found impractical for large-scale applications. The report identifies critical gaps in existing technologies and recommends experimental testing to optimize water nozzle parameters, including droplet size and water-to-ammonia mass ratios that will enhance absorption efficiency. Findings aim to guide the development of innovative water-based mitigation solutions to enhance emergency response capabilities, reduce ammonia-related hazards at ports and protect the port workers and surrounding communities.