Primary Offering Prospectus (Form 424B2)

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2)

Registration Statement No. 333-284538

The notes do not bear interest. The amount that you will be paid on your notes on the stated maturity date (April 20, 2028) is based on the performance of the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index as measured from the trade date (April 15, 2025) to and including the determination date (April 17, 2028).

The index measures the return on a hypothetical investment in the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index borrowed at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). Any percentage increase in the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index will be offset by SOFR. Limited historical information regarding the performance of the index is available, which may make it difficult for you to make an informed decision with respect to an investment in the notes.

If the final index level on the determination date is greater than the initial index level of 4,564.078909 (which is an intra-day level or the closing level of the index on the trade date), the return on your notes will be positive and will equal 1.5 times the index return, subject to the maximum settlement amount of $1,632 for each $1,000 face amount of your notes.

If the final index level declines by up to 10% from the initial index level, you will receive the face amount of your notes. If the final index level declines by more than 10% from the initial index level, the return on your notes will be negative and will equal the index return plus 10%. You could lose a significant portion of the face amount of your notes.

To determine your payment at maturity, we will calculate the index return, which is the percentage increase or decrease in the final index level from the initial index level. At maturity, for each $1,000 face amount of your notes, you will receive an amount in cash equal to:

You should read the disclosure herein to better understand the terms and risks of your investment, including the credit risk of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. See page PS-11.

The estimated value of your notes at the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date is equal to approximately $953 per $1,000 face amount. For a discussion of the estimated value and the price at which Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC would initially buy or sell your notes, if it makes a market in the notes, see the following page.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The notes are not bank deposits and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank.

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC

Pricing Supplement No. 18,434 dated April 15, 2025.

The issue price, underwriting discount and net proceeds listed above relate to the notes we sell initially. We may decide to sell additional notes after the date of this pricing supplement, at issue prices and with underwriting discounts and net proceeds that differ from the amounts set forth above. The return (whether positive or negative) on your investment in notes will depend in part on the issue price you pay for such notes.

GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in the initial sale of the notes. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC or any other affiliate of GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in a market-making transaction in a note after its initial sale. Unless GS Finance Corp. or its agent informs the purchaser otherwise in the confirmation of sale, this prospectus is being used in a market-making transaction.

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TERMS AND CONDITIONS

CUSIP / ISIN: 40058HLR8 / US40058HLR83

Company (Issuer): GS Finance Corp.

Guarantor: The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Underlier: the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index (current Bloomberg symbol: "MXUSAI Index"), or any successor underlier, as it may be modified, replaced or adjusted from time to time as provided herein

Face amount: $476,000 in the aggregate on the original issue date; the aggregate face amount may be increased if the company, at its sole option, decides to sell an additional amount on a date subsequent to the trade date.

Authorized denominations: $1,000 or any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof

Principal amount: On the stated maturity date, the company will pay, for each $1,000 of the outstanding face amount, an amount in cash equal to the cash settlement amount.

Cash settlement amount:

Initial underlier level: 4,564.078909, which is an intra-day level or the closing level of the underlier on the trade date

Final underlier level: the closing level of the underlier on the determination date, subject to adjustment as provided in "- Consequences of a market disruption event or a non-trading day" and "- Discontinuance or modification of the underlier" below

Cap level: approximately 142.133% of the initial underlier level

Maximum settlement amount: $1,632

Upside participation rate: 150%

Underlier return: the quotient of (i) the final underlier level minus the initial underlier level divided by (ii) the initial underlier level, expressed as a percentage

Buffer level: 90% of the initial underlier level

Buffer rate: 100%

Buffer amount: 10%

Trade date: April 15, 2025

Original issue date: April 18, 2025

Determination date: April 17, 2028, unless the calculation agent determines that a market disruption event occurs or is continuing on such day or such day is not a trading day. In that event, the determination date will be the first following trading day on which the calculation agent determines that a market disruption event does not occur and is not continuing. However, the determination date will not be postponed to a date later than the originally scheduled stated maturity date or, if the originally scheduled stated maturity date is not a business day, later than the first business day after the originally scheduled stated maturity date. If a market disruption event occurs or is continuing on the day that is the last possible determination date or such last possible day is not a trading day, that day will nevertheless be the determination date.

Stated maturity date: April 20, 2028, unless that day is not a business day, in which case the stated maturity date will be postponed to the next following business day. The stated maturity date will also be postponed if the determination date is postponed as described under "- Determination date" above. In such a case, the stated

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maturity date will be postponed by the same number of business day(s) from but excluding the originally scheduled determination date to and including the actual determination date.

Closing level: for any given trading day, the official closing level of the underlier or any successor underlier published by the underlier sponsor on such trading day

Trading day: a day on which the respective principal securities markets for all of the underlier stocks are open for trading, the underlier sponsor is open for business and the underlier is calculated and published by the underlier sponsor

Successor underlier: any substitute underlier approved by the calculation agent as a successor underlier as provided under "- Discontinuance or modification of the underlier" below

Underlier sponsor: at any time, the person or entity, including any successor sponsor, that determines and publishes the underlier as then in effect. The notes are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by the underlier sponsor or any of its affiliates and the underlier sponsor and its affiliates make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in the notes.

Underlier stocks: at any time, the stocks that comprise the underlier as then in effect, after giving effect to any additions, deletions or substitutions

Market disruption event: With respect to any given trading day, any of the following will be a market disruption event with respect to the underlier:

and, in the case of any of these events, the calculation agent determines in its sole discretion that such event could materially interfere with the ability of the company or any of its affiliates or a similarly situated person to unwind all or a material portion of a hedge that could be effected with respect to this note.

The following events will not be market disruption events:

For this purpose, an "absence of trading" in the primary securities market on which an underlier stock is traded, or on which option or futures contracts relating to the underlier or an underlier stock are traded, will not include any time when that market is itself closed for trading under ordinary circumstances. In contrast, a suspension or limitation of trading in an underlier stock or in option or futures contracts, if available, relating to the underlier or an underlier stock in the primary market for that stock or those contracts, by reason of:

will constitute a suspension or material limitation of trading in that stock or those contracts in that market.

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Consequences of a market disruption event or a non-trading day: If a market disruption event occurs or is continuing on a day that would otherwise be the determination date or such day is not a trading day, then the determination date will be postponed as described under "- Determination date" above.

If the calculation agent determines that the closing level of the underlier that must be used to determine the cash settlement amount is not available on the last possible determination date because of a market disruption event, a non-trading day or for any other reason (other than as described under "- Discontinuance or modification of the underlier" below), the calculation agent will nevertheless determine the closing level of the underlier based on its assessment, made in its sole discretion, of the level of the underlier on that day.

Discontinuance or modification of the underlier: If the underlier sponsor discontinues publication of the underlier and the underlier sponsor or any other person or entity publishes a substitute underlier that the calculation agent determines is comparable to the underlier and approves as a successor underlier, or if the calculation agent designates a substitute underlier, then the calculation agent will determine the amount payable on the stated maturity date by reference to such successor underlier.

If the calculation agent determines that the publication of the underlier is discontinued and there is no successor underlier, the calculation agent will determine the amount payable on the stated maturity date by a computation methodology that the calculation agent determines will as closely as reasonably possible replicate the underlier.

If the calculation agent determines that (i) the underlier, the underlier stocks or the method of calculating the underlier is changed at any time in any respect - including any addition, deletion or substitution and any reweighting or rebalancing of the underlier or the underlier stocks and whether the change is made by the underlier sponsor under its existing policies or following a modification of those policies, is due to the publication of a successor underlier, is due to events affecting one or more of the underlier stocks or their issuers or is due to any other reason - and is not otherwise reflected in the level of the underlier by the underlier sponsor pursuant to the then-current underlier methodology of the underlier or (ii) there has been a split or reverse split of the underlier, then the calculation agent will be permitted (but not required) to make such adjustments in the underlier or the method of its calculation as it believes are appropriate to ensure that the final underlier level, used to determine the amount payable on the stated maturity date, is equitable.

All determinations and adjustments to be made by the calculation agent with respect to the underlier may be made by the calculation agent in its sole discretion. The calculation agent is not obligated to make any such adjustments.

Calculation agent: Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC ("GS&Co.")

Tax characterization: The holder, on behalf of itself and any other person having a beneficial interest in this note, hereby agrees with the company (in the absence of a change in law, an administrative determination or a judicial ruling to the contrary) to characterize this note for all U.S. federal income tax purposes as a pre-paid derivative contract in respect of the underlier.

Overdue principal rate: the effective Federal Funds rate

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HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLES

The following examples are provided for purposes of illustration only. They should not be taken as an indication or prediction of future investment results and merely are intended to illustrate the impact that the various hypothetical underlier levels on the determination date could have on the cash settlement amount at maturity assuming all other variables remain constant.

The examples below are based on a range of final underlier levels that are entirely hypothetical; the underlier level on any day throughout the life of the notes, including the final underlier level on the determination date, cannot be predicted. The underlier has been highly volatile in the past - meaning that the underlier level has changed considerably in relatively short periods - and its performance cannot be predicted for any future period.

The information in the following examples reflects hypothetical rates of return on the offered notes assuming that they are purchased on the original issue date at the face amount and held to the stated maturity date. If you sell your notes in a secondary market prior to the stated maturity date, your return will depend upon the market value of your notes at the time of sale, which may be affected by a number of factors that are not reflected in the examples below, such as interest rates, the volatility of the underlier, the creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, and the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor. In addition, the estimated value of your notes at the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date (as determined by reference to pricing models used by GS&Co.) is less than the original issue price of your notes. For more information on the estimated value of your notes, see "Additional Risk Factors Specific to Your Notes - The Estimated Value of Your Notes At the Time the Terms of Your Notes Are Set On the Trade Date (as Determined By Reference to Pricing Models Used By GS&Co.) Is Less Than the Original Issue Price Of Your Notes" on page PS-10 of this pricing supplement. The information in the examples also reflects the key terms and assumptions in the box below.

For these reasons, the actual performance of the underlier over the life of your notes, as well as the amount payable at maturity may bear little relation to the hypothetical examples shown below or to the historical underlier levels shown elsewhere in this pricing supplement. For information about the historical levels of the underlier during recent periods, see "The Underlier - Historical Closing Levels of the Underlier" below. Before investing in the offered notes, you should consult publicly available information to determine the levels of the underlier between the date of this pricing supplement and the date of your purchase of the offered notes.

Also, the hypothetical examples shown below do not take into account the effects of applicable taxes. Because of the U.S. tax treatment applicable to your notes, tax liabilities could affect the after-tax rate of return on your notes to a comparatively greater extent than the after-tax return on the underlier stocks.

The levels in the left column of the table below represent hypothetical final underlier levels and are expressed as percentages of the initial underlier level. The amounts in the right column represent the hypothetical cash settlement amounts, based on the corresponding hypothetical final underlier level, and are expressed as percentages of the face amount of a note (rounded to the nearest one-thousandth of a percent). Thus, a hypothetical cash settlement amount of 100.000% means that the value of the cash payment that we would deliver

PS-6

for each $1,000 of the outstanding face amount of the offered notes on the stated maturity date would equal 100.000% of the face amount of a note, based on the corresponding hypothetical final underlier level and the assumptions noted above.

If, for example, the final underlier level were determined to be 20.000% of the initial underlier level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be 30.000% of the face amount of your notes, as shown in the table above. As a result, if you purchased your notes on the original issue date at the face amount and held them to the stated maturity date, you would lose 70.000% of your investment (if you purchased your notes at a premium to face amount you would lose a correspondingly higher percentage of your investment). If the final underlier level were determined to be 0.000% of the initial underlier level, you would lose 90.000% of your investment in the notes. In addition, if the final underlier level were determined to be 200.000% of the initial underlier level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be capped at the maximum settlement amount, or 163.200% of each $1,000 face amount of your notes, as shown in the table above. As a result, if you held your notes to the stated maturity date, you would not benefit from any increase in the final underlier level over approximately 142.133% of the initial underlier level.

The following chart shows a graphical illustration of the hypothetical cash settlement amounts that we would pay on your notes on the stated maturity date, if the final underlier level were any of the hypothetical levels shown on the horizontal axis. The hypothetical cash settlement amounts in the chart are expressed as percentages of the face amount of your notes and the hypothetical final underlier levels are expressed as percentages of the initial underlier level. The chart shows that any hypothetical final underlier level of less than 90.000% (the section left of the 90.000% marker on the horizontal axis) would result in a hypothetical cash settlement amount of less than 100.000% of the face amount of your notes (the section below the 100.000% marker on the vertical axis) and, accordingly, in a loss of principal to the holder of the notes. The chart also shows that any hypothetical final underlier level of greater than or equal to approximately 142.133 (the section right of the 142.133% marker on the horizontal axis) would result in a capped return on your investment.

PS-7

The cash settlement amounts shown above are entirely hypothetical; they are based on market prices for the underlier stocks that may not be achieved on the determination date and on assumptions that may prove to be erroneous. The actual market value of your notes on the stated maturity date or at any other time, including any time you may wish to sell your notes, may bear little relation to the hypothetical cash settlement amounts shown above, and these amounts should not be viewed as an indication of the financial return on an investment in the offered notes. The hypothetical cash settlement amounts on notes held to the stated maturity date in the examples above assume you purchased your notes at their face amount and have not been adjusted to reflect the actual issue price you pay for your notes. The return on your investment (whether positive or negative) in your notes will be affected by the amount you pay for your notes. If you purchase your notes for a price other than the face amount, the return on your investment will differ from, and may be significantly lower than, the hypothetical returns suggested by the above examples. Please read "Additional Risk Factors Specific to Your Notes - The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors" on page PS-11.

Payments on the notes are economically equivalent to the amounts that would be paid on a combination of other instruments. For example, payments on the notes are economically equivalent to a combination of an interest-bearing bond bought by the holder and one or more options entered into between the holder and us (with one or more implicit option premiums paid over time). The discussion in this paragraph does not modify or affect the terms of the notes or the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the notes, as described elsewhere in this pricing supplement.

PS-8

PS-9

ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS SPECIFIC TO YOUR NOTES

Risks Related to Structure, Valuation and Secondary Market Sales

The Estimated Value of Your Notes At the Time the Terms of Your Notes Are Set On the Trade Date (as Determined By Reference to Pricing Models Used By GS&Co.) Is Less Than the Original Issue Price Of Your Notes

The original issue price for your notes exceeds the estimated value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date, as determined by reference to GS&Co.'s pricing models and taking into account our credit spreads. Such estimated value on the trade date is set forth above under "Estimated Value of Your Notes"; after the trade date, the estimated value as determined by reference to these models will be affected by changes in market conditions, the creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor, and other relevant factors. The price at which GS&Co. would initially buy or sell your notes (if GS&Co. makes a market, which it is not obligated to do), and the value that GS&Co. will initially use for account statements and otherwise, also exceeds the estimated value of your notes as determined by reference to these models. As agreed by GS&Co. and the distribution participants, this excess (i.e., the additional amount described under "Estimated Value of Your Notes") will decline to zero on a straight line basis over the period from the date hereof through the applicable date set forth above under "Estimated Value of Your Notes". Thereafter, if GS&Co. buys or sells your notes it will do so at prices that reflect the estimated value determined by reference to such pricing models at that time. The price at which GS&Co. will buy or sell your notes at any time also will reflect its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes.

In estimating the value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date, as disclosed above under "Estimated Value of Your Notes", GS&Co.'s pricing models consider certain variables, including principally our credit spreads, interest rates (forecasted, current and historical rates), volatility, price-sensitivity analysis and the time to maturity of the notes. These pricing models are proprietary and rely in part on certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold your notes in the secondary market, if any, to others may differ, perhaps materially, from the estimated value of your notes determined by reference to our models due to, among other things, any differences in pricing models or assumptions used by others. See "- The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors" below.

The difference between the estimated value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date and the original issue price is a result of certain factors, including principally the underwriting discount and commissions, the expenses incurred in creating, documenting and marketing the notes, and an estimate of the difference between the amounts we pay to GS&Co. and the amounts GS&Co. pays to us in connection with your notes. We pay to GS&Co. amounts based on what we would pay to holders of a non-structured note with a similar maturity. In return for such payment, GS&Co. pays to us the amounts we owe under your notes.

In addition to the factors discussed above, the value and quoted price of your notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted. If GS&Co. makes a market in the notes, the price quoted by GS&Co. would reflect any changes in market conditions and other relevant factors, including any deterioration in our creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness or the creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. These changes may adversely affect the value of your notes, including the price you may receive for your notes in any market making transaction. To the extent that GS&Co. makes a market in the notes, the quoted price will reflect the estimated value determined by reference to GS&Co.'s pricing models at that time, plus or minus its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes (and subject to the declining excess amount described above).

PS-10

Furthermore, if you sell your notes, you will likely be charged a commission for secondary market transactions, or the price will likely reflect a dealer discount. This commission or discount will further reduce the proceeds you would receive for your notes in a secondary market sale.

There is no assurance that GS&Co. or any other party will be willing to purchase your notes at any price and, in this regard, GS&Co. is not obligated to make a market in the notes. See "Additional Risk Factors Specific to the Notes - Your Notes May Not Have an Active Trading Market" on page S-7 of the accompanying general terms supplement no. 17,741.

The Notes Are Subject to the Credit Risk of the Issuer and the Guarantor

Although the return on the notes will be based on the performance of the underlier, the payment of any amount due on the notes is subject to the credit risk of GS Finance Corp., as issuer of the notes, and the credit risk of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. as guarantor of the notes. The notes are our unsecured obligations. Investors are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the notes, and therefore investors are subject to our credit risk and to changes in the market's view of our creditworthiness. Similarly, investors are dependent on the ability of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor of the notes, to pay all amounts due on the notes, and therefore are also subject to its credit risk and to changes in the market's view of its creditworthiness. See "Description of the Notes We May Offer - Information About Our Medium-Term Notes, Series F Program - How the Notes Rank Against Other Debt" on page S-5 of the accompanying prospectus supplement and "Description of Debt Securities We May Offer - Guarantee by The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc." on page 65 of the accompanying prospectus.

The Amount Payable on Your Notes Is Not Linked to the Level of the Underlier at Any Time Other Than the Determination Date

The final underlier level will be based on the closing level of the underlier on the determination date (subject to adjustment as described elsewhere in this pricing supplement). Therefore, if the closing level of the underlier dropped precipitously on the determination date, the cash settlement amount for your notes may be significantly less than it would have been had the cash settlement amount been linked to the closing level of the underlier prior to such drop in the level of the underlier. Although the actual level of the underlier on the stated maturity date or at other times during the life of your notes may be higher than the final underlier level, you will not benefit from the closing level of the underlier at any time other than on the determination date.

You May Lose a Substantial Portion of Your Investment in the Notes

You can lose a substantial portion of your investment in the notes. The cash payment on your notes on the stated maturity date will be based on the performance of the underlier as measured from the initial underlier level to the closing level on the determination date. If the final underlier level is less than the buffer level, you will have a loss for each $1,000 of the face amount of your notes equal to the product of (i) $1,000 times (ii) the sum of the underlier return plus the buffer amount. Thus, you may lose a substantial portion of your investment in the notes, which would include any premium to face amount you paid when you purchased the notes.

Also, the market price of your notes prior to the stated maturity date may be significantly lower than the purchase price you pay for your notes. Consequently, if you sell your notes before the stated maturity date, you may receive far less than the amount of your investment in the notes.

The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors

When we refer to the market value of your notes, we mean the value that you could receive for your notes if you chose to sell them in the open market before the stated maturity date. A number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, will influence the market value of your notes, including:

PS-11

Without limiting the foregoing, the market value of your notes may be negatively impacted by increasing interest rates. Such adverse impact of increasing interest rates could be significantly enhanced in notes with longer-dated maturities, the market values of which are generally more sensitive to increasing interest rates.

These factors may influence the market value of your notes if you sell your notes before maturity, including the price you may receive for your notes in any market making transaction. If you sell your notes prior to maturity, you may receive less than the face amount of your notes. You cannot predict the future performance of the underlier based on its historical performance.

Your Notes Do Not Bear Interest

You will not receive any interest payments on your notes. As a result, even if the cash settlement amount payable for your notes on the stated maturity date exceeds the face amount of your notes, the overall return you earn on your notes may be less than you would have earned by investing in a non-indexed debt security of comparable maturity that bears interest at a prevailing market rate.

The Potential for the Value of Your Notes to Increase Will Be Limited

Your ability to participate in any change in the value of the underlier over the life of your notes will be limited because of the maximum settlement amount. The maximum settlement amount will limit the cash settlement amount you may receive for each of your notes at maturity, no matter how much the level of the underlier may rise beyond the cap level over the life of your notes. Accordingly, the amount payable for each of your notes may be significantly less than it would have been had you invested directly in the underlier.

You Have No Shareholder Rights or Rights to Receive Any Underlier Stock

Investing in your notes will not make you a holder of any of the underlier stocks. Neither you nor any other holder or owner of your notes will have any rights with respect to the underlier stocks, including any voting rights, any rights to receive dividends or other distributions, any rights to make a claim against the underlier stocks or any other rights of a holder of the underlier stocks. Your notes will be paid in cash and you will have no right to receive delivery of any underlier stocks.

We May Sell an Additional Aggregate Face Amount of the Notes at a Different Issue Price

At our sole option, we may decide to sell an additional aggregate face amount of the notes subsequent to the date of this pricing supplement. The issue price of the notes in the subsequent sale may differ substantially (higher or lower) from the original issue price you paid as provided on the cover of this pricing supplement.

If You Purchase Your Notes at a Premium to Face Amount, the Return on Your Investment Will Be Lower Than the Return on Notes Purchased at Face Amount and the Impact of Certain Key Terms of the Notes Will Be Negatively Affected

The cash settlement amount will not be adjusted based on the issue price you pay for the notes. If you purchase notes at a price that differs from the face amount of the notes, then the return on your investment in such notes held to the stated maturity date will differ from, and may be substantially less than, the return on notes purchased at face amount. If you purchase your notes at a premium to face amount and hold them to the stated maturity date, the return on your investment in the notes will be lower than it would have been had you purchased the notes at face amount or a discount to face amount. In addition, the impact of the buffer level and the cap level on the return on your investment will depend upon the price you pay for your notes relative to face amount. For example, if you purchase your notes at a premium to face amount, the cap level will only permit a lower positive return in your investment in the notes than would have been the case for notes purchased at face amount or a discount to face amount. Similarly, the buffer level, while still providing some protection for the return on the notes, will allow a greater percentage decrease in your investment in the notes than would have been the case for notes purchased at face amount or a discount to face amount.

PS-12

Additional Risks Related to the Underlier

The Underlier Methodology May Not Successfully Capture Exposure to Companies That May Benefit From the Adoption and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence, Robots, and Automation

The underlier is designed to select U.S. companies that sell products or services commonly associated with the increased adoption and utilization of artificial intelligence, robots, and automation, including companies that have high exposure to the following business activities: robotics/artificial intelligence; internet of things/smart homes; cloud computing; cybersecurity; medical robotics; social media automation and vehicle automation.

The underlier methodology uses seedwords associated with the underlier theme as the primary input for determining a group of keywords which are ultimately searched alongside the seedwords to identify candidate companies for inclusion in the underlier. The seedwords identified may not be fully representative of the theme the underlier is designed to achieve, or they may be broad terms which extend beyond the intended theme of the underlier. Furthermore, to determine the keywords, the methodology leverages complex natural language processing techniques such as term frequency-inverse document frequency, word embedding models and cosine similarity score. No assurance can be given that the natural language processing algorithms used by MSCI in generating the keywords and composing the underlier will accurately identify companies associated with the theme of the underlier as intended.

Because the methodology searches keywords and seedwords against business segment names and summary business descriptions, the success of the methodology is heavily dependent on whether such words are used in company business segment names and summary business descriptions. Accordingly, where a significant number of keywords and seedwords in a company's business segment names and summary business descriptions are not used, such company may be excluded from the underlier despite significant operations related to the theme. This may occur due to, for example, a company's use of alternative terminology when describing thematically relevant operations. On the other hand, for example, the appearance of one or more keywords or seedwords in a company's business segment name or business description may be the result of the company overstating (e.g., "AI washing") its adoption or use of artificial intelligence, robots or automation and the use or adoption of artificial intelligence, robots or automation may have little or no connection to such company's revenue or earnings or to the future performance of such company's stock.

No assurance can be given that the methodology will capture (i) all companies in the MSCI USA IMI Index that derive revenue from operations related to the theme, (ii) all companies in the MSCI USA IMI Index that are adopting or using technologies related to the theme in their business or (iii) the relevance of the theme and associated technologies to any such company's business. As a result, certain companies included in the underlier may not benefit from the adoption or utilization of artificial intelligence, robots or automation to any meaningful degree or at all. Further, there is no guarantee that the underlier will outperform any other underlier or strategy that attempts to achieve a similar goal using other criteria, including different geographical constraints. Accordingly, the investment strategy represented by the underlier may not be successful, and your investment in the notes may result in a loss. An investment in the notes may also underperform an investment linked to the MSCI USA IMI Index as a whole.

An Investment in the Notes Is Subject to Risks Associated With Artificial Intelligence

Your notes are linked to an underlier that is designed to select U.S. companies that sell products or services commonly associated with the increased adoption and utilization of artificial intelligence, robots, and automation. As with many developing technologies, artificial intelligence presents risks and challenges that could affect its further development, adoption, and use, and therefore the businesses of companies included in the underlier. Many known and unknown risks to artificial intelligence exist. Some of the currently known risks include accuracy, hallucination, bias, toxicity, intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy and cybersecurity and data provenance. Additionally, regulation in the artificial intelligence space is constantly changing, and may make it difficult for companies to continue to adopt or use any artificial intelligence-related approaches to their businesses. Artificial intelligence is the subject of evolving review by various U.S. governmental and regulatory agencies, including the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commission, and various U.S. states and other foreign jurisdictions are applying, or are considering applying, their cybersecurity and data protection laws to artificial intelligence and/or are considering general legal frameworks on artificial intelligence. Additionally, algorithms may be flawed or biased, and datasets may be insufficient, of poor quality or contain biased information. Overcoming technical obstacles and correcting defects or errors could prove to be impossible

PS-13

or impracticable, and the costs incurred may be substantial and adversely affect the results of operations of companies adopting or utilizing artificial intelligence. Further, companies with deficient or inaccurate artificial intelligence could be subject to competitive harm, potential legal liability and brand or reputational harm. Further, reliance on artificial intelligence could pose ethical concerns and lead to a lack of human oversight and control.

The Underlier Is Concentrated in the Information Technology Sector and Does Not Provide Diversified Exposure

The underlier is not diversified. The underlier's assets are concentrated in the information technology sector, which means the underlier is more likely to be more adversely affected by any negative performance of the information technology sector than an underlier that has more diversified holdings across a number of sectors. Companies in the information technology sector may be adversely affected by the failure to obtain, or delays in obtaining, financing or regulatory approval, intense competition, both domestically and internationally, product compatibility, consumer preferences, corporate capital expenditure, rapid obsolescence and competition for the services of qualified personnel. Companies in the information technology sector also face competition or potential competition with numerous alternative technologies. In addition, the highly competitive information technology sector may cause the prices for these products and services to decline in the future. Information technology companies may have limited product lines, markets, financial resources or personnel. Companies in the information technology sector are heavily dependent on patent and intellectual property rights. The loss or impairment of these rights may adversely affect the profitability of these companies. The information technology sector is subject to rapid and significant changes in technology that are evidenced by the increasing pace of technological upgrades, evolving industry standards, ongoing improvements in the capacity and quality of digital technology, shorter development cycles for new products and enhancements, developments in emerging wireless transmission technologies and changes in customer requirements and preferences. The success of sector participants depends substantially on the timely and successful introduction of new products.

The Use of the Global Industry Classification Standard To Exclude Companies from the Underlier May Be Inconsistent with the Theme

The underlier is a "thematic index", meaning an index that is designed to track companies that could benefit from certain themes. Because themes are subject to evolution and change and do not neatly fit into rigid categories, MSCI's use of Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) sub-industries to exclude companies from the underlier may be inconsistent with the theme or may be contrary to an investor's expectations for how a thematic indexing strategy should work.

The Return on Your Notes Is Based on the Underlier Which Reflects Excess Return and Will Be Reduced By Borrowing Costs at the Underlier Level

The underlier is the excess return version of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index, meaning that it is designed to measure the return on a hypothetical investment in the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index that is made with hypothetically borrowed funds. Borrowing costs for these funds are assessed at the overnight SOFR rate. Such costs will reduce any positive performance of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index (and, thereby, the underlier) and will increase any negative performance of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index (and, thereby, the underlier). In order to receive a positive return on your notes, the return of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index must exceed the borrowing costs at the underlier level. Because the return of the underlier is equal to the return of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index minus borrowing costs, the return of the underlier will always be less than the return of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index.

The Underlier May Be Disproportionately Affected By the Performance of a Small Number of Stocks

The underlier was comprised of 98 stocks as of April 15, 2025. In addition, as of the same date, approximately 32.62% of the underlier was invested in just three stocks - Netflix, Inc., Microsoft Corporation and Apple Inc. - and approximately 65.25% of the underlier was invested in just ten stocks. As a result, a decline in the prices of one or more of these stocks, including as a result of events negatively affecting one or more of these companies, may have the effect of significantly lowering the level of the underlier even if none of the other constituent stocks of the underlier are affected by such events. Because of the weighting of the constituents of the underlier, the amount you receive at maturity could be less than the cash settlement amount you would have received if you had invested in a product linked to an underlier that capped the maximum weight of any one stock to a low amount or that equally weighted all constituents of such underlier.

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The Underlier Has a Limited Operating History

The underlier was launched on June 17, 2024. Because the underlier has no underlier level history prior to that date, limited historical underlier level information will be available for you to consider in making an independent investigation of the underlier performance, which may make it difficult for you to make an informed decision with respect to your notes.

Hypothetical performance data prior to the launch of the underlier on June 17, 2024 refers to simulated performance data created by applying the underlier's calculation methodology to historical prices of the underlier stocks that comprise the underlier. Such simulated hypothetical performance data has been produced by the retroactive application of a back-tested methodology. No future performance of the underlier can be predicted based on the simulated hypothetical performance data or the historical underlier performance information described herein.

The Historical Levels of SOFR Are Not an Indication of the Future Levels of SOFR

In the past, the level of SOFR has experienced significant fluctuations. You should note that historical levels, fluctuations and trends of SOFR are not necessarily indicative of future levels. Any historical upward or downward trend in SOFR is not an indication that SOFR is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time, and you should not take the historical levels of SOFR as an indication of its future performance.

Certain Risks Related to SOFR

On June 22, 2017, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee ("ARRC") convened by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York identified SOFR, a broad U.S. treasuries repurchase financing rate to be published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, as the rate that, in the consensus view of the ARRC, represented best practice for use in certain new U.S. dollar derivatives and other financial contracts. SOFR is a broad measure of the cost of borrowing cash overnight collateralized by U.S. treasury securities and has been published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York since April 2018. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has also published historical indicative Secured Overnight Financing Rates going back to 2014. Investors should not rely on any historical changes or trends in SOFR as an indicator of future changes in SOFR.

Because SOFR is published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York based on data received from other sources, we have no control over its determination, calculation or publication. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York notes on its publication page for SOFR that use of SOFR is subject to important limitations and disclaimers, including that the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may alter the methods of calculation, publication schedule, rate revision practices or availability of SOFR at any time without notice. There can be no guarantee that SOFR will not be discontinued or fundamentally altered in a manner that is materially adverse to the interests of investors in the notes. If the manner in which SOFR is calculated is changed, that change may result in a reduction of the level of the underlier and, therefore, the amount payable on your notes and the trading prices of such notes. In addition, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York may withdraw, modify or amend published SOFR data in its sole discretion and without notice.

Additionally, daily changes in SOFR have, on occasion, been more volatile than daily changes in other benchmark or market rates. The return on and value of your notes may fluctuate more than if the underlier used a less volatile rate. In addition, the volatility of SOFR has reflected the underlying volatility of the overnight U.S. Treasury repo market. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York has at times conducted operations in the overnight U.S. Treasury repo market in order to help maintain the federal funds rate within a target range. There can be no assurance that the Federal Reserve Bank of New York will continue to conduct such operations in the future, and the duration and extent of any such operations is inherently uncertain. The effect of any such operations, or of the cessation of such operations to the extent they are commenced, is uncertain and could be materially adverse to the level of the underlier and, therefore, the amount payable on your notes.

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Risks Related to Tax

The Tax Consequences of an Investment in Your Notes Are Uncertain

The tax consequences of an investment in your notes are uncertain, both as to the timing and character of any inclusion in income in respect of your notes.

The Internal Revenue Service announced on December 7, 2007 that it is considering issuing guidance regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of an instrument such as your notes, and any such guidance could adversely affect the tax treatment and the value of your notes. Among other things, the Internal Revenue Service may decide to require the holders to accrue ordinary income on a current basis and recognize ordinary income on payment at maturity, and could subject non-U.S. investors to withholding tax. Furthermore, in 2007, legislation was introduced in Congress that, if enacted, would have required holders that acquired instruments such as your notes after the bill was enacted to accrue interest income over the term of such instruments even though there will be no interest payments over the term of such instruments. It is not possible to predict whether a similar or identical bill will be enacted in the future, or whether any such bill would affect the tax treatment of your notes. We describe these developments in more detail under "Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences - United States Holders - Possible Change in Law" below. You should consult your tax advisor about this matter. Except to the extent otherwise provided by law, GS Finance Corp. intends to continue treating the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described under "Supplemental Discussion of U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences" below unless and until such time as Congress, the Treasury Department or the Internal Revenue Service determine that some other treatment is more appropriate. Please also consult your tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax and any other applicable tax consequences to you of owning your notes in your particular circumstances.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding May Apply to Payments on Your Notes, Including as a Result of the Failure of the Bank or Broker Through Which You Hold the Notes to Provide Information to Tax Authorities

Please see the discussion under "United States Taxation - Taxation of Debt Securities - Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding" in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of FATCA to payments made on your notes.

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THE UNDERLIER

The description below is a summary. All information contained in this summary description has been derived from the publicly available information referred to below. As an investor in the notes, you should undertake such independent investigation of the underlier as in your judgment is appropriate to make an informed decision with respect to an investment in the notes.

The MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index:

The MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index is the excess return version of MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index, meaning that the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index is designed to represent the performance of an investment strategy tracking the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index after deducting borrowing costs at a rate of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). Any percentage increase in the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index will be offset by SOFR.

The MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index is a gross total-return based calculation of the MSCI USA AI 100 Index. The MSCI USA AI 100 Index is designed to measure the price performance of U.S. companies commonly associated with increased adoption and utilization of artificial intelligence, robots, and automation. The MSCI USA AI 100 Index selects stocks from the MSCI USA IMI Index, its parent index. The MSCI USA IMI Index is a free-float adjusted market capitalization weighted index of large-, mid- and small-cap U.S. companies. Additional information about the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index, the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index, the MSCI USA AI 100 Index and the MSCI USA IMI Index (including the top ten constituent stocks and weights and sector weights) is available on the following website: msci.com/index-methodology. Daily closing level information for the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index is available on the following website: msci.com. We are not incorporating by reference the websites, the sources listed above or any material they include in this pricing supplement.

MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index

The MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index is the excess return version of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index. The MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index is designed to measure the return on a hypothetical investment in the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index that is made with borrowed funds. Borrowing costs are assessed at a rate equal to SOFR. Such costs will reduce any positive index return and will increase any negative index return. The level of the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index on an index calculation day ("t") is equal to the product of (a) the level of the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index on the previous index calculation day ("t - 1") multiplied by (b) (i) the return of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index on the index calculation day ("t") minus (ii) the borrowing costs.

MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index

The MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index is a gross total return-based calculation of the MSCI USA AI 100 Index. The MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index measures the market performance, including price performance and income from regular cash distributions. This income is reinvested among all the constituents in the index and thus makes up part of the total index performance. MSCI's gross total return methodology reinvests regular cash dividends in indices the day the security is quoted ex-dividend, or on the ex-date. Certain dividends, including special/extraordinary dividends and commemorative dividends, are reinvested in the index if, a day prior to the ex-date, the dividend impact on price is less than 5%. If the impact is 5% or more, the dividend will be reinvested in the index through a price adjustment on the ex-date. A specific price adjustment is always applied for stock dividends that are issued at no cost to the shareholders, an extraordinary capital repayment or a dividend paid in the shares of another company. Cash payments related to corporate events, such as mergers and acquisitions, are considered on a case-by-case basis.

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MSCI USA AI 100 Index

The MSCI USA AI 100 Index:

The MSCI USA AI 100 Index is designed to measure the price performance of U.S. companies commonly associated with increased adoption and utilization of artificial intelligence, robots, and automation. The MSCI USA AI 100 Index selects stocks from the MSCI USA IMI Index, its parent index. The MSCI USA IMI Index is a free-float adjusted market capitalization weighted index of large-, mid- and small-cap U.S. companies.

MSCI USA AI 100 Index Construction

Framework overview

The MSCI USA AI 100 Index is constructed by selecting stocks from the parent index based on the following six steps, each of which is described in more detail below. First, the index objective or theme ("theme") of the MSCI USA AI 100 Index is used to build a set of relevant words that may describe companies that fit within the theme. Second, each company's business segment name(s) and publicly-sourced summary business description are scanned to find matches with these relevant words to arrive at an eligible universe of stocks. Third, a relevance score discount factor is calculated to discount revenue from business segments of companies included via the indirect method (described below) and companies assigned to certain Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) sub-industries are excluded from the eligible universe of stocks to reduce the risk of including companies that operate businesses unrelated to the theme. Fourth, a relevance score is calculated for each stock in the eligible universe to quantify its economic linkage to the theme. Fifth, stocks must satisfy minimum criteria relating to relevance, liquidity and volatility. Sixth, a weighting mechanism is applied to the index constituent.

Building a set of relevant words

The theme of the MSCI USA AI 100 Index is to select companies that sell products or services commonly associated with the increased adoption and utilization of artificial intelligence, robots, and automation, including companies that have high exposure to the following business activities: robotics/artificial intelligence; internet of things/smart homes; cloud computing; cybersecurity; medical robotics; social media automation; and vehicle automation. In order to build a dictionary of relevant words to identify companies that may fit within the theme, the text of the theme is analyzed or broken down into "seedwords", which consist of (i) words or phrases included in the theme or (ii) words or phrases that are derivative of words or phrases included in the theme.

Using these seedwords, MSCI searches English language documents via publicly available search engines and databases in order to assemble a collection or "corpus" of documents. The corpus is compiled from the top search results.

Next, using the corpus, MSCI uses natural language processing techniques (also known as "topic modelling") to translate and expand the seedwords into a set of "keywords" that are representative of the theme. It does so by comparing a word or phrase's popularity in a document versus the inverse proportion of that word or phrase over the entire corpus. This method is designed to identify the words in a document that contain the most important information by assigning a weight to every word or phrase, with higher weights allocated to potential keywords.

MSCI then calculates the contextual similarity score between the potential keywords and the seedwords. This step is designed to ensure the selected keywords have a "linguistic closeness" or linkage to the seedwords and therefore the theme. The seedwords and keywords are first converted into their "word embeddings" (which is a representative vector of the "linguistic closeness") using MSCI and third-party word embedding models. Once the words or phrases are represented by such representative vectors, MSCI measures how aligned they are in meaning by measuring whether the two representative vectors are pointing in a similar direction. MSCI does this by calculating a "cosine similarity" score between the seedword and the keywords. Potential keywords with high

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similarity scores are selected for review as the final set of keywords for matching. The seedwords together with the keywords are the set of "relevant words" that is used to define the eligible universe.

Defining the eligible universe

Constituents are identified for inclusion in the eligible universe by two routes: "direct" and "indirect" or a combination of both.

Direct method: Companies from the parent index which include at least one of the relevant words in their business segment names (i.e., companies' self-declared business lines identified in their income/revenue breakdown(s)) are included in the eligible universe. Business segment information is derived from integrating company annual reports and multiple vendor data sources, business segment names, assigned SIC codes and related revenue.

Indirect method: Companies from the parent index which include at least two of the relevant words in their summary business description are included in the eligible universe. The summary business description is derived by accessing English language summary descriptions of the company's business activities from company annual reports and multiple vendor data sources. For companies identified via the indirect method, related revenue linked to the theme will include business segments with SIC codes that are already used by any companies eligible via the direct method.

Controlling for false positives

Indirect method companies: To account for the greater uncertainty about whether business segments of companies included in the eligible universe via the indirect method are relevant to the theme, MSCI discounts the revenue attributable to such business segments by calculating the relevance score discount factor. A relevance score discount factor is calculated by normalizing the cumulative frequency of relevant words in the company's summary description relative to all companies indirectly included in the eligible universe. This scaling, which ranges from zero to one, reflects the relative density of keyword hits within the business description information. For example, a company for which the hits are sparse in a very long text would see the linked revenue scaled down more strongly.

All companies: Certain sub-industries are excluded where research has indicated that the balance of signal-to-noise is such that the likely companies to be tagged as keyword hits are overwhelmingly expected to be unrelated to the theme. Stocks assigned to the following GICS sub-industries are excluded from consideration.

Selecting stocks from the eligible universe based on relevance score, liquidity criteria and volatility score

Stocks are selected from the eligible universe based on their relevance score, which is a measurement of a company's revenue that is relevant to the theme as compared to the company's total revenue. The relevance score is calculated as follows: the quotient of (a) the sum of (i) revenue from the business segments with an assigned business segment name that includes at least one relevant word plus (ii) (A) the "relevance score discount factor" times (B) revenue from the selected Standard Industry Classification (SIC) codes divided by (b) total company revenue.

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Business segments with an assigned business segment name that includes at least one relevant word (i.e., companies included in the eligible universe via the direct method) are considered to be relevant to the theme, and revenue attributable to such business segments is not discounted as described above.

Business segments with an assigned business segment name that does not include at least one relevant word (i.e., companies included in the eligible universe via the indirect method) may be considered relevant to the theme if they are assigned to an SIC code that satisfies the following criteria:

Stocks from the eligible universe with a relevance score of 25% or more are eligible to be included in the MSCI USA AI 100 Index, subject to further filtering based on the liquidity criteria and volatility score described below.

If any relevant price of a stock is not available for the 3 months or 12 months prior to the calculation, the stock will not be considered.

From the stocks remaining after filtering by volatility score, the top 100 stocks with the highest relevance score are selected. In case of a tie in the relevance score, the stock with the highest weight in the parent index will be selected first. In the event that the number of stocks remaining after filtering by volatility score is below 100, all the stocks from the eligible universe are selected.

Applying weighting scheme

Stocks included in the MSCI USA AI 100 Index are weighted by the product of relevance score and their weight in the parent index. The constituent weights are capped at the issuer level to mitigate concentration risk in the MSCI USA AI 100 Index. The issuer weight in the MSCI USA AI 100 Index is capped at 10% at every rebalance.

Calculation of the MSCI USA AI 100 Index

The performance of the MSCI USA AI 100 Index is a free float weighted average, as modified by the weighting scheme, of the U.S. dollar values of its component securities.

Prices used to calculate the component securities are the official exchange closing prices or prices accepted as such in the relevant market. In the case of a market closure, or if a security does not trade on a specific day or during a specific period, MSCI carries the latest available closing price. In the event of a market outage resulting in any component security price to be unavailable, MSCI will generally use the last reported price for such component security for the purpose of performance calculation. If MSCI determines that another price is more appropriate based on the circumstances, an announcement would be sent to clients with the related information. Closing prices are converted into U.S. dollars, as applicable, using the closing spot exchange rates calculated by WM/Reuters at 4:00 P.M. London Time.

Maintaining the MSCI USA AI 100 Index

The MSCI USA AI 100 Index is reviewed on a semi-annual basis in May and November to coincide with the May and November semi-annual index reviews of the parent index, and the changes are implemented at the end of May and November. In general, the new index constituents and their corresponding weights on the effective date are announced nine business days before the effective date.

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During the semi-annual index review, the eligible universe and selected universe are updated. In general, MSCI uses the company business segment names, business description and revenue data as of two business days prior to the rebalancing date for the semi-annual index review.

The set of relevant words are reviewed by MSCI during the May semi-annual index review.

Ongoing event-related maintenance

The general treatment of corporate events in the MSCI USA AI 100 Index aims to minimize turnover outside of index reviews. The index methodology aims to appropriately represent an investor's participation in an event based on relevant deal terms and pre-event weighting of the index constituents that are involved. Further, changes in index market capitalization that occur as a result of corporate event implementation will be offset by a corresponding change in the variable weighting factor of the constituent.

The following chart briefly describes the treatment of common corporate events within the MSCI USA AI 100 Index.

No new securities will be added (except where noted below) to the MSCI USA AI 100 Index between index reviews. Any parent index deletions will be reflected simultaneously.

MSCI USA IMI Index

The MSCI USA IMI Index:

The MSCI USA IMI Index is a free-float adjusted market capitalization weighted index of large-, mid- and small-cap U.S. companies.

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Construction of the MSCI USA IMI Index

MSCI undertakes an index construction process, which involves: (i) defining the equity universe; (ii) determining the market investable equity universe for each market; (iii) determining market capitalization size segments for each market and (iv) classifying securities under the Global Industry Classification Standard. The MSCI USA IMI Index is an investable market index, meaning that only securities that would qualify for inclusion in a large-cap index, a mid-cap index or a small-cap index will be included as described below.

Defining the Equity Universe

Determining the Market Investable Equity Universes

A market investable equity universe for a market is derived by (i) identifying eligible listings for each security in the equity universe; and (ii) applying investability screens to individual companies and securities in the equity universe that are classified in that market. A market is generally equivalent to a single country. The global investable equity universe is the aggregation of all market investable equity universes.

In order for a country to meet the foreign listing materiality requirement, MSCI determines: all securities represented by a foreign listing that would be included in the country's MSCI Country Investable Market Index if foreign listings were eligible from that country. The aggregate free-float adjusted market capitalization for all such securities should represent at least (i) 5% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization of the relevant MSCI Country Investable Market Index and (ii) 0.05% of the free-float adjusted market capitalization of the MSCI ACWI Investable Market Index. If a country does not meet the foreign listing materiality requirement, then securities in that country may not be represented by a foreign listing in the global investable equity universe.

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As of February 2025, the equity universe minimum size requirement was set at US$443,000,000. Companies with a full market capitalization below this level are not included in the market investable equity universe. The equity universe minimum size requirement is reviewed and, if necessary, revised at each quarterly index review, as described below.

Only one listing per security may be included in the market investable equity universe. In instances where a security has two or more eligible listings that meet the above liquidity requirements, then the following priority rules are used to determine which listing will be used for potential inclusion of the security in the market investable equity universe:

Due to liquidity concerns relating to securities trading at very high stock prices, a security that is currently not a constituent of a MSCI Global Investable Markets Index that is trading at a stock price above US$10,000 will fail the liquidity screening and will not be included in any market investable equity universe.

(d) Global Minimum Foreign Inclusion Factor Requirement: This investability screen is applied at the individual security level. To determine the free float of a security, MSCI considers the proportion of shares of such security available for purchase in the public equity markets by international investors. In practice, limitations on the investment opportunities for international investors include: strategic stakes in a company held by private or public shareholders whose investment objective indicates that the shares held are not likely to be available in the market; limits on the proportion of a security's share capital authorized for purchase by non-domestic investors; or other foreign investment restrictions which materially limit the ability of foreign investors to freely invest in a particular equity market, sector or security.

MSCI will then derive a "foreign inclusion factor" for the company that reflects the proportion of shares outstanding that is available for purchase in the public equity markets by international investors. MSCI will then "float-adjust" the weight of each constituent company in an index by the company's foreign inclusion factor.

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Once the free float factor has been determined for a security, the security's total market capitalization is then adjusted by such free float factor, resulting in the free float-adjusted market capitalization figure for the security.

(e) Minimum Length of Trading Requirement: This investability screen is applied at the individual security level. For an initial public offering to be eligible for inclusion in a market investable equity universe, the new issue must have started trading at least three months before the implementation of a quarterly index review. This requirement is applicable to small new issues in all markets. Large initial public offerings are not subject to the minimum length of trading requirement and may be included in a market investable equity universe and an investable market index, such as the MSCI USA IMI Index, outside of a quarterly index review.

(f) Minimum Foreign Room Requirement: This investability screen is applied at the individual security level. For a security that is subject to a foreign ownership limit to be eligible for inclusion in a market investable equity universe, the proportion of shares still available to foreign investors relative to the maximum allowed (referred to as "foreign room") must be at least 15%.

(g) Financial Reporting Requirement: For any companies classified as belonging to the United States, the company must file a Form 10-K/10-Q to be eligible for inclusion in the USA investable equity universe.

Determining Market Capitalization Size Segments for Each Market

Once a market investable equity universe is defined, it is segmented into the following size-based indices:

Creating the size segment indices in each market involves the following steps: (i) defining the market coverage target range for each size segment; (ii) determining the global minimum size range for each size segment; (iii) determining the market size segment cutoffs and associated segment number of companies; (iv) assigning companies to the size segments; and (v) applying final size-segment investability requirements. For developed market indices, the market coverage for an investable market index is 99%. As of January 2025, the global minimum size range for a developed market investable market index is a full market capitalization of USD 477 million to USD 1.1 billion.

Classifying Securities under the Global Industry Classification Standard

All securities in the MSCI USA IMI Index are assigned to the industry that best describes their business activities.

Calculation of the MSCI USA IMI Index

The performance of the MSCI USA IMI Index is a free float weighted average of the U.S. dollar values of its component securities.

Prices used to calculate the component securities are the official exchange closing prices or prices accepted as such in the relevant market. In the case of a market closure, or if a security does not trade on a specific day or during a specific period, MSCI carries the latest available closing price. In the event of a market outage resulting in any component security price to be unavailable, MSCI will generally use the last reported price for such component security for the purpose of performance calculation. If MSCI determines that another price is more appropriate based on the circumstances, an announcement would be sent to clients with the related information. Closing prices are converted into U.S. dollars, as applicable, using the closing spot exchange rates calculated by WMR at 4:00 P.M. London Time.

Maintenance of the MSCI USA IMI Index

In order to maintain the representativeness of the MSCI USA IMI Index, structural changes may be made by adding or deleting component securities. Currently, such changes in the MSCI USA IMI Index may generally only

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be made on four dates throughout the year: after the close of the last business day of each February, May, August and November.

The MSCI USA IMI Index is maintained with the objective of reflecting, on a timely basis, the evolution of the underlying equity markets. In maintaining the MSCI USA IMI Index, emphasis is also placed on its continuity, continuous investability of constituents and replicability of the index and on index stability and minimizing turnover.

MSCI classifies index maintenance in three broad categories. The first consists of ongoing event related changes, such as mergers and acquisitions. The second category consists of light rebalancings, aimed at promptly reflecting other significant market events under conditions of market stress. The third category consists of quarterly index reviews that systematically re-assess the various dimensions of the equity universe.

Ongoing event-related changes to the MSCI USA IMI Index are the result of mergers, acquisitions, spin-offs, bankruptcies, reorganizations and other similar corporate events. They can also result from capital reorganizations in the form of rights issues, stock bonus issues, public placements and other similar corporate actions that take place on a continuing basis. MSCI will remove from the index as soon as practicable securities of companies that file for bankruptcy or other protection from their creditors, that are suspended and for which a return to normal business activity and trading is unlikely in the near future, or that fail stock exchange listing requirements with a delisting announcement. Securities may also be considered for early deletion in other significant cases, such as decreases in free float and foreign ownership limits, or when a constituent company acquires or merges with a non-constituent company or spins-off another company. In practice, when a constituent company is involved in a corporate event which results in a significant decrease in the company's free float-adjusted market capitalization or the company decreases its foreign inclusion factor to below 0.15, the securities of that constituent company are considered for early deletion from the indices simultaneously with the event. Share conversions may also give rise to an early deletion. Changes in number of shares and foreign inclusion factors resulting from primary equity offerings representing at least 5% of the security's pre-event number of shares are implemented as of the close of the first trading day of the new shares, if all necessary information is available at that time. Otherwise, the event is implemented as soon as practicable after the relevant information is made available. MSCI implements pending number of shares and/or free float updates simultaneously with the event, unless the change in number of shares is less than 1% on a post-event number of shares basis, in which case it will be implemented at a subsequent quarterly index review. Changes that do not meet the criteria for implementation at the time of the event as explained above are implemented at a subsequent quarterly index review. Secondary offerings/block sales with sizes representing at least 5% of the security's pre-event number of shares are implemented at the time of the event. All changes resulting from corporate events are announced prior to their implementation, provided all necessary information on the event is available.

MSCI's light rebalancing process aims to ensure that the MSCI USA IMI Index continues to be an accurate reflection of evolving equity markets during conditions of market stress. This goal is achieved by timely reflecting significant market driven changes that were not captured in each index at the time of their actual occurrence and that should not wait until the quarterly index review due to their importance. MSCI will consider switching to a "light rebalancing" in place of the usual quarterly index review only if one of the following two conditions is met within the last ten business days of the month prior to the announcement date of a quarterly index review (the "market monitoring period"): (1) for any 3 days within the market monitoring period, the MSCI ACWI Index-weighted bid-ask spread breaches 0.19% and the MSCI ACWI Index volatility over the past 10 days breaks 0.55 or (2) there are unexpected full day or partial stock exchange closures impacting 20% of MSCI ACWI Index constituents cumulatively over the market monitoring period. The final decision of whether or not to switch to a "light rebalancing" will be taken by relevant MSCI index committee(s). These light rebalancings may result in additions and deletions of component securities from the MSCI USA IMI Index and changes in "foreign inclusion factors" and in number of shares. Additions and deletions to component securities may result from: the addition of large companies that did not meet the minimum size criterion for inclusion at the time of their initial public offering or secondary offering; the replacement of companies which are no longer suitable industry representatives; the deletion of securities whose overall free float has fallen to less than 15% and that do not meet specified criteria; the deletion of securities that have become very small or illiquid; and the addition or deletion of securities as a result of other market events. During light rebalancings, foreign inclusion factors and number of shares will be reviewed as discussed below. MSCI has noted that consistency is a factor in maintaining the MSCI USA IMI Index.

PS-25

MSCI's quarterly index review is designed to systematically reassess the component securities of the MSCI USA IMI Index. During each quarterly index review, the universe of component securities is updated and the global minimum size range for the MSCI USA IMI Index is recalculated, which is based on the full market capitalization and the cumulative free float-adjusted market capitalization coverage of each security that is eligible to be included in the MSCI USA IMI Index. The following index maintenance activities, among others, are undertaken during each quarterly index review: the list of countries in which securities may be represented by foreign listings is reviewed; the component securities are updated by identifying new equity securities that were not part of the MSCI USA IMI Index at the time of the previous quarterly index review; the minimum size requirement for the MSCI USA IMI Index is updated and new companies are evaluated relative to the new minimum size requirement; existing component securities that do not meet the minimum liquidity requirements of the MSCI USA IMI Index may be removed (or, with respect to any such security that has other listings, a determination is made as to whether any such listing can be used to represent the security in the market investable universe); changes in "foreign inclusion factors" are implemented (provided the change in free float is greater than 1%, except in cases of correction); and changes in number of shares are updated. During a quarterly index review, component securities may be added or deleted from the MSCI USA IMI Index for a range of reasons, including the reasons discussed with respect to component securities changes during quarterly index reviews as discussed above. However, no changes in foreign inclusion factors are implemented if the change in free float estimate is less than 1%, except in cases of correction. As discussed above, small changes in the number of shares are generally updated at the quarterly index review rather than at the time of the event, provided that the absolute number of shares change is at least 1,000 shares or the relative number of shares change is at least 0.02%. Foreign listings may become eligible to represent securities only from the countries that met the foreign listing materiality requirement at least two quarterly index reviews prior (this requirement is applied only to countries that do not yet include foreign listed securities). Once a country meets the foreign listing materiality requirement at a given quarterly index review, foreign listings will remain eligible for such country even if the foreign listing materiality requirements are not met in the future.

The results of the quarterly index reviews are announced at least two weeks in advance of their effective implementation dates, which are generally set at the close of the last business day of February, May, August and November.

Index maintenance also includes monitoring and completing adjustments for share changes, stock splits, stock dividends, and stock price adjustments due to company restructurings or spin-offs as well as deleting constituents that enter ineligible alert boards.

These guidelines and the policies implementing the guidelines are the responsibility of, and, ultimately, subject to adjustment by, MSCI.

License Agreement between MSCI Inc. ("MSCI") and GS Finance Corp.

The MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index, the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index, the MSCI USA AI 100 Index and the MSCI USA IMI Index are the exclusive property of MSCI. MSCI and the MSCI index names are service mark(s) of MSCI or its affiliates and have been licensed for use for certain purposes by GS Finance Corp. Securities referred to herein are not sponsored, endorsed, or promoted by MSCI, and MSCI bears no liability with respect to any such securities. No purchaser, seller or holder of securities, or any other person or entity, should use or refer to any MSCI trade name, trademark or service mark to sponsor, endorse, market or promote securities without first contacting MSCI to determine whether MSCI's permission is required. Under no circumstances may any person or entity claim any affiliation with MSCI without the prior written permission of MSCI.

THE SECURITIES ARE NOT SPONSORED, ENDORSED, SOLD OR PROMOTED BY MSCI, ANY AFFILIATE OF MSCI INC. OR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX. THE MSCI INDEXES ARE THE EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OF MSCI. MSCI AND THE MSCI INDEX NAMES ARE SERVICE MARK(S) OF MSCI OR ITS AFFILIATES AND HAVE BEEN LICENSED FOR USE FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES BY GS FINANCE CORP. NEITHER MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX MAKES ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, TO THE OWNERS OF SECURITIES OR ANY MEMBER OF THE PUBLIC REGARDING THE ADVISABILITY OF INVESTING IN FINANCIAL SECURITIES GENERALLY OR IN SECURITIES PARTICULARLY OR THE ABILITY OF ANY MSCI INDEX TO TRACK CORRESPONDING STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE. MSCI OR ITS AFFILIATES ARE THE LICENSORS OF

PS-26

CERTAIN TRADEMARKS, SERVICE MARKS AND TRADE NAMES AND OF THE MSCI INDEXES WHICH ARE DETERMINED, COMPOSED AND CALCULATED BY MSCI WITHOUT REGARD TO SECURITIES OR THE ISSUER OR OWNER OF SECURITIES. NEITHER MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX HAS ANY OBLIGATION TO TAKE THE NEEDS OF THE ISSUERS OR OWNERS OF SECURITIES INTO CONSIDERATION IN DETERMINING, COMPOSING OR CALCULATING THE MSCI INDEXES. NEITHER MSCI, ITS AFFILIATES NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX IS RESPONSIBLE FOR OR HAS PARTICIPATED IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE TIMING OF, PRICES AT, OR QUANTITIES OF SECURITIES TO BE ISSUED OR IN THE DETERMINATION OR CALCULATION OF THE EQUATION BY WHICH SECURITIES ARE REDEEMABLE FOR CASH. NEITHER MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, THE MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX HAS ANY OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY TO THE OWNERS OF SECURITIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE ADMINISTRATION, MARKETING OR OFFERING OF SECURITIES.

ALTHOUGH MSCI SHALL OBTAIN INFORMATION FOR INCLUSION IN OR FOR USE IN THE CALCULATION OF THE MSCI INDEXES FROM SOURCES WHICH MSCI CONSIDERS RELIABLE, NEITHER MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX WARRANTS OR GUARANTEES THE ORIGINALITY, ACCURACY AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF ANY MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. NEITHER MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX MAKES ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY GS FINANCE CORP., ITS CUSTOMERS OR COUNTERPARTIES, ISSUERS OF UNDERLIER LINKED-SECURITIES, OWNERS OF SECURITIES OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY, FROM THE USE OF ANY MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THE RIGHTS LICENSED HEREUNDER OR FOR ANY OTHER USE. NEITHER MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS OR INTERRUPTIONS OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH ANY MSCI INDEX OR ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. FURTHER, NEITHER MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX MAKES ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, AND MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES AND ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO ANY MSCI INDEX AND ANY DATA INCLUDED THEREIN. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT SHALL MSCI, ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES OR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN, OR RELATED TO, MAKING OR COMPILING ANY MSCI INDEX HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOST PROFITS) EVEN IF NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

PS-27

Historical Closing Levels of the Underlier

The closing level of the underlier has fluctuated in the past and may, in the future, experience significant fluctuations. In particular, the underlier has recently experienced extreme and unusual volatility. Any historical upward or downward trend in the closing level of the underlier during the period shown below is not an indication that the underlier is more or less likely to increase or decrease at any time during the life of your notes.

You should not take the historical levels of the underlier as an indication of the future performance of the underlier, including because of the recent volatility described above. We cannot give you any assurance that the future performance of the underlier or the underlier stocks will result in you receiving an amount greater than the outstanding face amount of your notes on the stated maturity date.

Neither we nor any of our affiliates make any representation to you as to the performance of the underlier. Before investing in the offered notes, you should consult publicly available information to determine the levels of the underlier between the date of this pricing supplement and the date of your purchase of the offered notes and, given the recent volatility described above, you should pay particular attention to recent levels of the underlier. The actual performance of the underlier over the life of the offered notes, as well as the cash settlement amount, may bear little relation to the historical closing levels shown below.

The graph below shows the daily closing levels of the underlier from January 1, 2020 through April 15, 2025 (using hypothetical performance data and historical closing levels). As a result, the following graph does not reflect the global financial crisis which began in 2008, which had a materially negative impact on the price of most equity securities and, as a result, the level of most equity indices. Since the underlier was launched on June 17, 2024 and has a limited operating history, the graph includes hypothetical performance data for the underlier prior to its launch on June 17, 2024.

The hypothetical performance data prior to June 17, 2024 was obtained from the underlier sponsor's website, without independent verification. The historical closing levels from June 17, 2024 to April 15, 2025. were obtained from Bloomberg Financial Services, without independent verification. (In the graph, the hypothetical historical closing levels can be found to the left of the vertical solid line marker and the historical closing levels can be found to the right of the vertical solid line marker.) You should not take the hypothetical performance data or historical levels of the underlier as an indication of the future performance of the underlier.

Historical Performance of the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index

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Comparative Performance of the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index and the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index

The graph below shows the performance of the underlier and the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index from January 1, 2020 through April 15, 2025. For comparative purposes, each of the underlier and the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index have been adjusted to have a closing level of 100.00 on January 1, 2020 by dividing the applicable closing level on each day by that index's closing level on January 1, 2020 and multiplying that quotient by 100.00.

Since both the underlier and the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index were launched on June 17, 2024 and have limited operating histories, the graph includes hypothetical performance data for the underlier and the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index prior to their launch on June 17, 2024. The hypothetical performance data for the underlier and the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index prior to June 17, 2024 used to create this graph was obtained from the underlier sponsor's website, without independent verification. The daily historical closing levels of the underlier and the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index from June 17, 2024 to April 15, 2025 used to create this graph were obtained from Bloomberg Financial Services, without independent verification. (In the graph, historical closing levels can be found to the right of the vertical solid line marker.) You should not take this graph, the hypothetical performance data or the historical closing levels of the indices used to create this graph as an indication of the future performance of any index, including the underlier, or the correlation (if any) between the level of the underlier and the level of the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index.

Comparative Performance of the MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index (MXUSAI Index) and the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index (MXUSAIGT Index)

The graph above illustrates the hypothetical and historical performance of the underlier relative to the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index over the time period shown and provides an indication of how the relative performance of the daily returns of the underlier has been relative to the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index. The underlier will always underperform the MSCI USA AI 100 Gross Daily Total Return Index.

PS-29

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCUSSION OF U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following section supplements the discussion of U.S. federal income taxation in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The following section is the opinion of Sidley Austin LLP, counsel to GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. In addition, it is the opinion of Sidley Austin LLP that the characterization of the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes that will be required under the terms of the notes, as discussed below, is a reasonable interpretation of current law.

This section does not apply to you if you are a member of a class of holders subject to special rules, such as:

Although this section is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations under the Internal Revenue Code, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect, no statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly addresses how your notes should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and as a result, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in your notes are uncertain. Moreover, these laws are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis.

United States Holders

This section applies to you only if you are a United States holder that holds your notes as a capital asset for tax purposes. You are a United States holder if you are a beneficial owner of each of your notes and you are:

Tax Treatment. You will be obligated pursuant to the terms of the notes - in the absence of a change in law, an administrative determination or a judicial ruling to the contrary - to characterize each note for all tax purposes as a pre-paid derivative contract in respect of the underlier. Except as otherwise stated below, the discussion herein assumes that the notes will be so treated.

PS-30

Upon the sale, exchange or maturity of your notes, you should recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash you receive at such time and your tax basis in your notes. Your tax basis in the notes will generally be equal to the amount that you paid for the notes. If you hold your notes for more than one year, the gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss. If you hold your notes for one year or less, the gain or loss generally will be short-term capital gain or loss. Short-term capital gains are generally subject to tax at the marginal tax rates applicable to ordinary income.

No statutory, judicial or administrative authority directly discusses how your notes should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of your investment in the notes are uncertain and alternative characterizations are possible. Accordingly, we urge you to consult your tax advisor in determining the tax consequences of an investment in your notes in your particular circumstances, including the application of state, local or other tax laws and the possible effects of changes in federal or other tax laws.

Alternative Treatments. There is no judicial or administrative authority discussing how your notes should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, the Internal Revenue Service might assert that a treatment other than that described above is more appropriate. For example, the Internal Revenue Service could treat your notes as a single debt instrument subject to special rules governing contingent payment debt instruments. Under those rules, the amount of interest you are required to take into account for each accrual period would be determined by constructing a projected payment schedule for the notes and applying rules similar to those for accruing original issue discount on a hypothetical noncontingent debt instrument with that projected payment schedule. This method is applied by first determining the comparable yield - i.e., the yield at which we would issue a noncontingent fixed rate debt instrument with terms and conditions similar to your notes - and then determining a payment schedule as of the issue date that would produce the comparable yield. These rules may have the effect of requiring you to include interest in income in respect of your notes prior to your receipt of cash attributable to that income.

If the rules governing contingent payment debt instruments apply, any gain you recognize upon the sale, exchange or maturity of your notes would be treated as ordinary interest income. Any loss you recognize at that time would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of interest you included as income in the current or previous taxable years in respect of your notes, and, thereafter, as capital loss.

If the rules governing contingent payment debt instruments apply, special rules would apply to a person who purchases notes at a price other than the adjusted issue price as determined for tax purposes.

It is also possible that your notes could be treated in the manner described above, except that any gain or loss that you recognize at maturity would be treated as ordinary gain or loss. You should consult your tax advisor as to the tax consequences of such characterization and any possible alternative characterizations of your notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

It is possible that the Internal Revenue Service could seek to characterize your notes in a manner that results in tax consequences to you that are different from those described above. You should consult your tax advisor as to the tax consequences of any possible alternative characterizations of your notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Possible Change in Law

On December 7, 2007, the Internal Revenue Service released a notice stating that the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department are actively considering issuing guidance regarding the proper U.S. federal income tax treatment of an instrument such as the offered notes, including whether the holders should be required to accrue ordinary income on a current basis and whether gain or loss should be ordinary or capital. It is not possible to determine what guidance they will ultimately issue, if any. It is possible, however, that under such guidance, holders of the notes will ultimately be required to accrue income currently and this could be applied on a retroactive basis. The Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department are also considering other relevant issues, including whether foreign holders of such instruments should be subject to withholding tax on any deemed income accruals, and whether the special "constructive ownership rules" of Section 1260 of the Internal Revenue Code might be applied to such instruments. Except to the extent otherwise provided by law, we intend to continue treating the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described above under "Tax Treatment" unless and until such time as Congress, the Treasury Department or the Internal Revenue Service determine that some other treatment is more appropriate.

PS-31

Furthermore, in 2007, legislation was introduced in Congress that, if enacted, would have required holders that acquired instruments such as your notes after the bill was enacted to accrue interest income over the term of such instruments even though there will be no interest payments over the term of such instruments. It is not possible to predict whether a similar or identical bill will be enacted in the future, or whether any such bill would affect the tax treatment of your notes.

It is impossible to predict what any such legislation or administrative or regulatory guidance might provide, and whether the effective date of any legislation or guidance will affect notes that were issued before the date that such legislation or guidance is issued. You are urged to consult your tax advisor as to the possibility that any legislative or administrative action may adversely affect the tax treatment of your notes.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

You will be subject to generally applicable information reporting and backup withholding requirements as discussed in the accompanying prospectus under "United States Taxation - Taxation of Debt Securities - Backup Withholding and Information Reporting - United States Holders" with respect to payments on your notes and, notwithstanding that we do not intend to treat the notes as debt for tax purposes, we intend to backup withhold on such payments with respect to your notes unless you comply with the requirements necessary to avoid backup withholding on debt instruments (in which case you will not be subject to such backup withholding) as set forth under "United States Taxation - Taxation of Debt Securities - United States Holders" in the accompanying prospectus. Please see the discussion under "United States Taxation - Taxation of Debt Securities - Backup Withholding and Information Reporting-United States Holders" in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of the backup withholding and information reporting rules to payments made on your notes.

Non-United States Holders

This section applies to you only if you are a non-United States holder. You are a non-United States holder if you are the beneficial owner of notes and are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

You will be subject to generally applicable information reporting and backup withholding requirements as discussed in the accompanying prospectus under "United States Taxation - Taxation of Debt Securities - Backup Withholding and Information Reporting - Non-United States Holders" with respect to payments on your notes at maturity and, notwithstanding that we do not intend to treat the notes as debt for tax purposes, we intend to backup withhold on such payments with respect to your notes unless you comply with the requirements necessary to avoid backup withholding on debt instruments (in which case you will not be subject to such backup withholding) as set forth under "United States Taxation - Taxation of Debt Securities - Non-United States Holders" in the accompanying prospectus.

As discussed above, alternative characterizations of the notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes are possible. Should an alternative characterization of the notes, by reason of a change or clarification of the law, by regulation or otherwise, cause payments at maturity with respect to the notes to become subject to withholding tax, we will withhold tax at the applicable statutory rate and we will not make payments of any additional amounts. Prospective non-United States holders of the notes should consult their tax advisor in this regard.

Furthermore, on December 7, 2007, the Internal Revenue Service released Notice 2008-2 soliciting comments from the public on various issues, including whether instruments such as your notes should be subject to withholding. It is therefore possible that rules will be issued in the future, possibly with retroactive effect, that would cause payments on your notes at maturity to be subject to withholding, even if you comply with certification requirements as to your foreign status.

In addition, the Treasury Department has issued regulations under which amounts paid or deemed paid on certain financial instruments ("871(m) financial instruments") that are treated as attributable to U.S.-source dividends could be treated, in whole or in part depending on the circumstances, as a "dividend equivalent" payment that is subject to tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower rate under an applicable treaty), which in the case of any amounts you

PS-32

receive upon the sale, exchange or maturity of your notes, could be collected via withholding. If these regulations were to apply to the notes, we may be required to withhold such taxes if any U.S.-source dividends are paid on the stocks included in the underlier during the term of the notes. We could also require you to make certifications (e.g., an applicable Internal Revenue Service Form W-8) prior to the maturity of the notes in order to avoid or minimize withholding obligations, and we could withhold accordingly (subject to your potential right to claim a refund from the Internal Revenue Service) if such certifications were not received or were not satisfactory. If withholding was required, we would not be required to pay any additional amounts with respect to amounts so withheld. These regulations generally will apply to 871(m) financial instruments (or a combination of financial instruments treated as having been entered into in connection with each other) issued (or significantly modified and treated as retired and reissued) on or after January 1, 2027, but will also apply to certain 871(m) financial instruments (or a combination of financial instruments treated as having been entered into in connection with each other) that have a delta (as defined in the applicable Treasury regulations) of one and are issued (or significantly modified and treated as retired and reissued) on or after January 1, 2017. In addition, these regulations will not apply to financial instruments that reference a "qualified index" (as defined in the regulations). We have determined that, as of the issue date of your notes, your notes will not be subject to withholding under these rules. In certain limited circumstances, however, you should be aware that it is possible for non-United States holders to be liable for tax under these rules with respect to a combination of transactions treated as having been entered into in connection with each other even when no withholding is required. You should consult your tax advisor concerning these regulations, subsequent official guidance and regarding any other possible alternative characterizations of your notes for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding

Pursuant to Treasury regulations, Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) withholding (as described in "United States Taxation-Taxation of Debt Securities-Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding" in the accompanying prospectus) will generally apply to obligations that are issued on or after July 1, 2014; therefore, the notes will generally be subject to the FATCA withholding rules.

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SUPPLEMENTAL PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION; CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

See "Supplemental Plan of Distribution" on page S-51 of the accompanying general terms supplement no. 17,741 and "Plan of Distribution - Conflicts of Interest" on page 127 of the accompanying prospectus. GS Finance Corp. estimates that its share of the total offering expenses, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $15,000.

GS Finance Corp. will sell to GS&Co., and GS&Co. will purchase from GS Finance Corp., the aggregate face amount of the offered notes specified on the front cover of this pricing supplement. GS&Co. proposes initially to offer the notes to the public at the original issue price set forth on the cover page of this pricing supplement. GS&Co. is an affiliate of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and, as such, will have a "conflict of interest" in this offering of notes within the meaning of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) Rule 5121. Consequently, this offering of notes will be conducted in compliance with the provisions of FINRA Rule 5121. GS&Co. will not be permitted to sell notes in this offering to an account over which it exercises discretionary authority without the prior specific written approval of the account holder. We have been advised that GS&Co. will also pay a fee to iCapital Markets LLC, a broker-dealer in which an affiliate of GS Finance Corp. holds an indirect minority equity interest, for services it is providing in connection with this offering.

We will deliver the notes against payment therefor in New York, New York on April 18, 2025. Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in one business day, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade notes on any date prior to one business day before delivery will be required to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.

We have been advised by GS&Co. that it intends to make a market in the notes. However, neither GS&Co. nor any of our other affiliates that makes a market is obligated to do so and any of them may stop doing so at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity or trading market for the notes.

The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange or interdealer quotation system.

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VALIDITY OF THE NOTES AND GUARANTEE

In the opinion of Sidley Austin llp, as counsel to GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., when the notes offered by this pricing supplement have been executed and issued by GS Finance Corp., such notes have been authenticated by the trustee pursuant to the indenture, and such notes have been delivered against payment as contemplated herein, (a) such notes will be valid and binding obligations of GS Finance Corp., enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith), provided that such counsel expresses no opinion as to the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above and (b) the guarantee with respect to such notes will be a valid and binding obligation of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency and similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally, concepts of reasonableness and equitable principles of general applicability (including, without limitation, concepts of good faith, fair dealing and the lack of bad faith), provided that such counsel expresses no opinion as to the effect of fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer or similar provision of applicable law on the conclusions expressed above. This opinion is given as of the date hereof and is limited to the laws of the State of New York and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as in effect on the date hereof. In addition, this opinion is subject to customary assumptions about the trustee's authorization, execution and delivery of the indenture and the genuineness of signatures and certain factual matters, all as stated in the letter of such counsel dated January 27, 2025, which has been filed as Exhibit 5.6 to the registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. on January 27, 2025.

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We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this pricing supplement, the accompanying general terms supplement no. 17,741, the accompanying prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This pricing supplement, the accompanying general terms supplement no. 17,741, the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is an offer to sell only the notes offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this pricing supplement, the accompanying general terms supplement no. 17,741, the accompanying prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is current only as of the respective dates of such documents.

$476,000

GS Finance Corp.

Leveraged Buffered MSCI USA AI 100 Excess Return Index-Linked Notes due 2028

guaranteed by

The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.

Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC