11/14/2025 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 11/14/2025 11:48
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this quarterly report on form 10-Q.
Introduction
Grant Park has been in continuous operation since it commenced trading on January 1, 1989. Since its inception and through February 28, 2003, Grant Park offered its beneficial interests exclusively to qualified investors on a private placement basis. Effective June 30, 2003, Grant Park publicly offered its units for sale. Grant Park's registration statement was withdrawn on April 1, 2019 and units of Grant Park are no longer offered for sale. For existing investors in Grant Park, business continues to be conducted as usual. There was no change in the trading, operations, or monthly statements, etc. as a result of the termination of the offering, and redemption requests continue to be offered on a monthly basis.
Critical Accounting Policies
Grant Park's most significant accounting policy is the valuation of its assets invested in U.S. and international futures and forward contracts, options contracts, swap transactions, other interests in commodities, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and fixed income products. The majority of these investments are exchange-traded contracts, valued based upon exchange settlement prices. The remainder of its investments are non-exchange-traded contracts with valuation of those investments based on quoted forward spot prices, swap transactions with the valuation based on daily price reporting from the swap counterparty, and fixed income products, including U.S. Government securities, securities of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises, corporate bonds and commercial paper, which are valued using current market quotations provided by an independent external pricing source to determine fair value. With the valuation of the investments easily obtained, there is little or no judgment or uncertainty involved in the valuation of investments, and accordingly, it is unlikely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions using different but reasonably plausible assumptions.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Grant Park's significant accounting policies are described in detail in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements.
Grant Park is the sole member of each of the Trading Companies. The Trading Companies, in turn, are the only members of GP Cash Management, LLC. Grant Park presents consolidated financial statements which include the accounts of the Trading Companies and GP Cash Management, LLC. All material inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Valuation of Financial Instruments
Grant Park follows the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. Grant Park utilizes valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach per the requirement of ASC 820 for the valuation of futures (exchange traded) contracts, forward (non-exchange traded) contracts, option contracts, swap transactions, other interests in commodities, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and fixed income products. FASB ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurement and also emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Grant Park records all investments at fair value in the financial statements. Changes in fair value from the prior period are recorded as unrealized gain or losses and are reported in the consolidated statement of operations. Fair value of exchange-traded futures contracts, options on futures contracts and exchange-traded funds are based upon exchange settlement prices. Grant Park values forward contracts and options on forward contracts based on the average bid and ask price of quoted forward spot prices
obtained. U.S. Government securities, securities of U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises, corporate bonds and commercial paper are valued using current market quotations provided by an independent external pricing source to determine fair value.
Results of Operations
Grant Park's returns, which are Grant Park's trading gains plus interest and dividend income less brokerage fees, performance fees, operating costs and offering costs borne by Grant Park, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, are set forth in the table below:
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Three Months Ended |
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Nine Months Ended |
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September 30, |
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September 30, |
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2025 |
2024 |
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2025 |
2024 |
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Total return - Class A Units |
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9.27 |
% |
(6.38) |
% |
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2.75 |
% |
(2.54) |
% |
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Total return - Class B Units |
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9.09 |
% |
(6.53) |
% |
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2.24 |
% |
(2.98) |
% |
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Total return - Legacy 1 Class Units |
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9.90 |
% |
(5.84) |
% |
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4.54 |
% |
(0.93) |
% |
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Total return - Legacy 2 Class Units |
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9.83 |
% |
(5.90) |
% |
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4.35 |
% |
(1.11) |
% |
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Total return - Global 1 Class Units |
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10.05 |
% |
(5.71) |
% |
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4.98 |
% |
(0.54) |
% |
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Total return - Global 2 Class Units |
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9.99 |
% |
(5.77) |
% |
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4.78 |
% |
(0.72) |
% |
Grant Park's total net asset value at September 30, 2025 was approximately $20.1 million, at December 31, 2024 was approximately $24.1 million, and at September 30, 2024 was approximately $26.4 million, respectively. Results from past periods are not indicative of results that may be expected for any future period.
The table below sets forth Grant Park's trading gains or losses by sector, excluding securities, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
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% Gain (Loss) |
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% Gain (Loss) |
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Three Months Ended |
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Nine Months Ended |
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September 30, |
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September 30, |
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2025 |
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2024 |
2025 |
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2024 |
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Agriculturals |
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0.4 |
% |
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(0.5) |
% |
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0.4 |
% |
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2.3 |
% |
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Currencies |
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0.2 |
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(2.1) |
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(1.6) |
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(0.7) |
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Energy |
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(0.5) |
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(0.4) |
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(2.4) |
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(2.8) |
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Interest rates |
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(1.2) |
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(0.1) |
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(4.9) |
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(1.6) |
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Meats |
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1.2 |
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(0.4) |
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1.9 |
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(0.5) |
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Metals |
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4.9 |
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(1.4) |
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7.3 |
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(3.8) |
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Soft commodities |
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(1.2) |
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(0.1) |
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(1.4) |
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5.1 |
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Stock indices |
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6.2 |
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(0.8) |
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6.4 |
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2.8 |
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Total |
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10.0 |
% |
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(5.8) |
% |
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5.7 |
% |
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0.8 |
% |
Three months ended September 30, 2025 compared to three months ended September 30, 2024
For the three months ended September 30, 2025, Grant Park had a positive return of 9.3% for the Class A units, a positive return of 9.1% for the Class B units, a positive return of 9.9% for the Legacy 1 Class units, a positive return of 9.8% for the Legacy 2 Class units, a positive return of 10.1% for the Global 1 Class units, and a positive return of 10.0% for the Global 2 Class units. On a combined basis prior to expenses, Grant Park had trading gains of 10.0% which were increased by gains of 0.8% from interest and dividend income. These trading gains were decreased by 1.4% in combined brokerage fees, performance fees and operating and offering costs borne by Grant Park. For the same period in 2024, Grant Park had a negative return of (6.4)% for the Class A units, a negative return of (6.5)% for the Class B units, a negative return of (5.8)% for the Legacy 1 Class units, a negative return of (5.9)% for the Legacy 2 Class units, a negative return of (5.7)% for the Global 1 Class units, and a negative return of (5.8)% for the Global 2 Class units. On a combined basis prior to expenses, Grant Park had trading losses of 5.8% which were decreased by gains of 0.2% from
securities and 0.7% from interest and dividend income. These trading losses were increased by 1.3% in combined brokerage fees, performance fees and operating and offering costs borne by Grant Park.
Nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to nine months ended September 30, 2024
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Grant Park had a positive return of 2.8% for the Class A units, a positive return of 2.2% for the Class B units, a positive return of 4.5% for the Legacy 1 Class units, a positive return of 4.4% for the Legacy 2 Class units, a positive return of 5.0% for the Global 1 Class units, and a positive return of 4.8% for the Global 2 Class units. On a combined basis prior to expenses, Grant Park had trading gains of 5.7% which were increased by gains of 2.6% from interest and dividend income. These trading gains were decreased by 5.0% in combined brokerage fees, performance fees and operating and offering costs borne by Grant Park. For the same period in 2024, Grant Park had a negative return of (2.5)% for the Class A units, a negative return of (3.0)% for the Class B units, a negative return of (0.9)% for the Legacy 1 Class units, a negative return of (1.1)% for the Legacy 2 Class units, a negative return of (0.5)% for the Global 1 Class units, and a negative return of (0.7)% for the Global 2 Class units. On a combined basis prior to expenses, Grant Park had trading gains of 0.8% which were increased by gains of 0.4% from securities and increased by gains of 1.7% from interest and dividend income. These trading gains were decreased by 5.0% in combined brokerage fees, performance fees and operating and offering costs borne by Grant Park.
Nine months ended September 30, 2025
Trading on international markets may increase the risk that events or circumstances that disrupt such markets may have a materially adverse effect on Grant Park's business or operations or the value of positions held by Grant Park. Such events or circumstances may include, but are not limited to, inflation or deflation, currency devaluation, interest rate changes, exchange rate fluctuations, changes in government policies, natural disasters, pandemics or other extraordinary events, armed conflicts, political or social instability or other unforeseen developments that cannot be quantified.
Grant Park could lose money over short periods due to short-term volatility or market movements and over longer periods during more prolonged market downturns. During a general market downturn, multiple asset classes may be negatively affected. Changes in market conditions and interest rates can have the same impact on all types of securities and instruments. In times of severe market disruptions, investors could lose their entire investment.
Key trading developments for Grant Park during the first nine months of 2025 included the following:
January. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 0.56%, Class B units were up 0.51%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 0.75%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 0.73%, Global 1 Class units were up 0.80% and Global 2 Class units were up 0.78%. Grant Park's January performance was positive. Positive performance in the agriculturals sector was led by positions in coffee, robusta, live cattle, feeder cattle and cotton. Performance in the metals sector was positive and driven by positions in gold. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the FTSE, Dax, S&P Canada and All Ordinaries indices. The energies sector was negative due to positions in gas oil, brent oil and natural gas. Currencies sector performance was negative, led by positions in the Japanese yen and Mexican peso. The interest rate sector performance was negative due to positions in Ultra Treasury notes, 3-month SONIA futures, 3-month CORRA futures and Ultra Treasury bonds.
February. Grant Park recorded losses during the month. Class A units were down 5.15%, Class B units were down 5.20%, Legacy 1 Class units were down 4.97%, Legacy 2 Class units were down 4.99%, Global 1 Class units were down 4.93% and Global 2 Class units were down 4.95%. Grant Park's February performance was negative across all investment sectors. Losses in the agriculturals sector occurred in positions in cattle, robusta, cocoa, sugar and corn. In the interest-rate sector, performance was negative in Ultra Treasury notes, Ultra Treasury bonds, U.S. 10-year Treasury Notes and German bunds positions. Currencies sector performance was negative, led by positions in the Japanese yen, Swiss franc and British pound. The energies sector was negative due to positions in crude oil and brent oil. Performance in the metals sector was negative and driven by positions in high grade copper and platinum. Performance in the stock indices sector was slightly negative and was driven by positions in the Nasdaq and MSCI EM indices.
March. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 0.42%, Class B units were up 0.37%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 0.61%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 0.59%, Global 1 Class units were up 0.66% and Global 2 Class units were up 0.64%. Grant Park's March performance was positive. Performance in the metals sector was positive and driven by positions in gold and silver. In the interest-rate sector, positive performance was led by positions in German bunds, Japanese government bonds and the Euro-Buxl. The energies sector was slightly negative due to positions in gas oil, brent oil and heating oil. Losses in the agriculturals sector occurred in positions in sugar, cotton and cocoa. Performance in the stock indices sector was negative and was driven by positions in the Dax, OMX 30 and FTSE indices. Currencies sector performance was negative, led by positions in the euro, Swiss franc, U.S. dollar and New Zealand dollar.
April. Grant Park recorded losses during the month. Class A units were down 1.87%, Class B units were down 1.92%, Legacy 1 Class units were down 1.68%, Legacy 2 Class units were down 1.70%, Global 1 Class units were down 1.63% and Global 2 Class units were down 1.65%. Grant Park's April performance was negative. Performance in the stock indices sector was negative and was driven by positions in the Hang Seng, OMX 30 and FTSE MIB indices. In the interest-rate sector, negative performance was led by positions in Japanese government bonds, U.S. 10-year Treasury Notes, U.S. Ultra Treasury Bonds and the Euro-Buxl. Currencies sector performance was negative, led by positions in the Japanese yen, Canadian dollar, New Zealand dollar and Australian dollar. The energies sector was slightly negative due to positions in crude oil, gasoline blendstock and natural gas. Small losses in the agriculturals sector occurred in positions in coffee, cotton and soybean oil. Performance in the metals sector was positive and driven by positions in gold, aluminum and zinc.
May. Grant Park recorded losses during the month. Class A units were down 0.97%, Class B units were down 1.02%, Legacy 1 Class units were down 0.77%, Legacy 2 Class units were down 0.80%, Global 1 Class units were down 0.73% and Global 2 Class units were down 0.75%. Grant Park's May performance was negative. In the interest-rate sector, negative performance was led by positions in 3-month SOFR contracts, 3-month SONIA contracts, 2-year U.S. Treasury Notes and U.S. Ultra Treasury Notes. Performance in the metals sector was negative and driven by positions in aluminum, palladium and gold. The energies sector was negative due to positions in brent oil. Gains in the agricultural markets occurred in positions in live cattle, coffee and corn. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the FTSE China A50, Hang Seng and FTSE indices. Currencies sector performance was positive, led by positions in the British pound.
June. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 1.02%, Class B units were up 0.96%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 1.21%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 1.19%, Global 1 Class units were up 1.26% and Global 2 Class units were up 1.24%. Grant Park's June performance was positive. Gains in the agricultural markets were made in positions in soybean meal, sugar, live cattle, coffee and corn. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the Nikkei, Nasdaq, MSCI EM and NIFTY 50 indices. Currencies sector performance was positive, led by positions in the British pound, Mexican peso, euro and the U.S. dollar. Performance in the metals sector was positive and driven by positions in platinum, silver and palladium. In the interest-rate sector, negative performance was led by positions in U.S. 10-year Treasury Notes, U.S. Ultra Treasury Bonds, Euro-Schatz and U.K. Gilts. The energies sector was negative due to positions in gas oil and brent oil.
July. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 1.54%, Class B units were up 1.48%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 1.73%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 1.71%, Global 1 Class units were up 1.78% and Global 2 Class units were up 1.76%. Grant Park's July performance was positive. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the FTSE, Nikkei, Nasdaq and FTSE China A50 indices. Gains in the agricultural markets were made in positions in live cattle, soybean meal, feeder cattle and soybean oil. The energies sector was positive due to positions in crude oil, natural gas and gasoline blendstock. In the interest-rate sector, negative performance was led by positions in the 3-month SOFR and 3-month SONIA contracts. Currencies sector performance was negative, led by positions in the British pound, Canadian dollar, euro and the U.S. dollar. Performance in the metals sector was negative and driven by positions in gold, copper and aluminum.
August. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 1.47%, Class B units were up 1.41%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 1.66%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 1.64%, Global 1 Class units were up 1.71% and Global 2 Class units were up 1.69%. Grant Park's August performance was positive. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the FTSE China A50, Nikkei, S&P Canada and FTSE indices. Positive performance in the metals sector was driven by positions in gold and silver. The energies sector was negative due to positions in crude oil, heating oil and brent oil. Losses in the agricultural markets were due to positions in soybean meal, coffee, soybean oil, cocoa, soybeans and sugar. In the interest-rate sector, negative performance was led by positions in U.S. 10-year Treasury Notes, French government bonds, Italian government bonds and 3-month SONIA contracts. Currencies sector performance was flat.
September. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 6.06%, Class B units were up 6.00%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 6.27%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 6.24%, Global 1 Class units were up 6.32% and Global 2 Class units were up 6.29%. Grant Park's September performance was positive. Positive performance in the metals sector was driven by positions in gold and silver. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the Nikkei, Nasdaq, MSCI Emerging Markets, FTSE Taiwan and Hang Seng indices. Currencies sector performance was positive and was driven by positions in the Mexican peso and New Zealand dollar. The energies sector was negative due to positions in crude oil, brent oil and natural gas. In the interest-rate sector, negative performance was led by positions in U.S. 10-year Treasury Notes, Ultra Treasury Bonds and the euribor. The agricultural markets were flat.
Nine months ended September 30, 2024
Key trading developments for Grant Park during the first nine months of 2024 included the following:
January. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 0.36%, Class B units were up 0.30%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 0.55%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 0.53%, Global 1 Class units were up 0.60% and Global 2 Class units were up 0.58%. Grant Park's January performance was positive. Positive performance in the agriculturals sector was led by positions in cocoa, corn, soybeans and canola. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the Nikkei, Hang Seng, Nasdaq and FTSE China A50 indices. Currencies sector performance was relatively unchanged as gains from positions in the Japanese yen and euro were offset by losses in positions in the Mexican peso and Swiss franc. Negative performance in the metals sector was driven by positions in iron ore and gold. The interest rate sector performance was negative and was driven by positions in the 3-month SONIA contracts, Japanese government bonds, U.K. gilts, and the euribor. Negative performance in the energies sector was mainly attributed to positions in gas oil and natural gas.
February. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 7.05%, Class B units were up 7.03%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 7.16%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 7.15%, Global 1 Class units were up 7.20% and Global 2 Class units were up 7.17%. Grant Park's February performance was positive. Positive performance in the agriculturals sector was led by positions in cocoa, cotton, soybeans, corn, soybean meal and canola. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the Nikkei, Nasdaq, S&P 500 and Dax indices. Currencies sector performance was positive, led by gains from positions in the Japanese yen, Mexican peso and Swiss franc. The interest rate sector performance was relatively unchanged as gains from positions in euro-schatz and U.S. 2-year treasury notes were offset by losses from positions in the euribor, Italian government bonds and the 3-month SONIA. The energies sector was essentially flat as gains from positions in gasoline blendstock were offset by losses from heating oil positions. Negative performance in the metals sector was driven by positions in iron ore, gold and nickel.
March. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 1.71%, Class B units were up 1.66%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 1.89%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 1.87%, Global 1 Class units were up 1.94% and Global 2 Class units were up 1.92%. Grant Park's March performance was positive. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the Nikkei, Dax, Eurostoxx and FTSE indices. Currencies sector performance was positive, led by gains from positions in the Mexican peso, Swiss franc and Japanese yen. The energies sector was positive due to gains from positions in gasoline blendstock and crude oil. Negative performance in the
agricultural sector was led by positions in cotton, soybeans and corn. The interest rate sector performance was negative due to positions in German bunds and the 3-month SONIA. Negative performance in the metals sector was driven by positions in palladium, iron ore and high-grade copper and partially offset by gains in gold.
April. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 3.70%, Class B units were up 3.65%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 3.89%, Legacy 2 Class units were up 3.87%, Global 1 Class units were up 3.93% and Global 2 Class units were up 3.91%. Grant Park's April performance was positive. The interest rate sector performance was positive due to positions in the 3-month SONIA, euro-schatz, German bunds, U.S. Treasury bonds and U.S. 10-year and 2-year Treasury notes. Positive performance in the agriculturals sector was led by positions in robusta, sugar, soybeans, soybean oil, cotton and coffee. Currencies sector performance was positive, led by gains from positions in the Japanese yen and Swiss franc. Positive performance in the metals sector was driven by positions in gold, copper, iron ore and aluminum. Performance in the stock indices sector was negative and was driven by positions in the Nikkei, Nasdaq and Dax indices. The energies sector was negative due to losses from positions in gas oil and gasoline blendstock.
May. Grant Park recorded losses during the month. Class A units were down 4.20%, Class B units were down 4.26%, Legacy 1 Class units were down 4.01%, Legacy 2 Class units were down 4.03%, Global 1 Class units were down 3.96% and Global 2 Class units were down 3.98%. Grant Park's May performance was negative. The energies sector was negative due to losses from positions in gasoline blendstock, natural gas, crude oil and brent oil. Currencies sector performance was negative, led by positions in the Swiss franc, U.S. dollar, euro, New Zealand dollar and Canadian dollar. Negative performance in the agriculturals sector was led by positions in soybeans, canola, robusta and soybean oil. The interest rate sector performance was negative due to positions in U.S. T-bonds, U.K. gilts, the 3-month SONIA and 3-month CORRA futures. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the Eurostoxx, Dax and VIX Volatility indices. Performance in the metals sector was flat.
June. Grant Park recorded losses during the month. Class A units were down 4.10%, Class B units were down 4.15%, Legacy 1 Class units were down 3.91%, Legacy 2 Class units were down 3.93%, Global 1 Class units were down 3.87% and Global 2 Class units were down 3.89%. Grant Park's June performance was negative. The interest rate sector performance was negative due to positions in Euro-Schatz, U.S. 10-year treasury notes, Japanese government bonds, U.S. Treasury bonds, Bobl and 3-month CORRA futures. Performance in the metals sector was negative and driven by positions in palladium, platinum, iron ore and aluminum. The energies sector was negative due to losses from positions in heating oil, crude oil and natural gas. Currencies sector performance was negative, led by positions in the Mexican peso, British pound and Swiss franc. Positive performance in the agriculturals sector was led by positions in corn, soybeans and cotton. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the Nasdaq, S&P 500 and Nikkei indices.
July. Grant Park recorded losses during the month. Class A units were down 5.28%, Class B units were down 5.33%, Legacy 1 Class units were down 5.10%, Legacy 2 Class units were down 5.12%, Global 1 Class units were down 5.06% and Global 2 Class units were down 5.07%. Grant Park's July performance was negative. Currencies sector performance was negative, led by positions in the Japanese yen, Australian dollar, the Swiss franc and the New Zealand dollar. Performance in the metals sector was negative and driven by positions in palladium, aluminum, copper, zinc and iron ore. The interest rate sector performance was negative due to positions in U.S. 10-year treasury notes, Euro Schatz, Australian bills, Canadian bonds and German bunds. Performance in the stock indices sector was negative and was driven by positions in the Nikkei, Dax and Nasdaq indices. The energies sector was negative due to losses from positions in crude oil, brent oil and gasoline blendstock. Positive performance in the agricultural sector was led by positions in soybeans, corn, cotton and sugar.
August. Grant Park recorded losses during the month. Class A units were down 3.15%, Class B units were down 3.20%, Legacy 1 Class units were down 2.96%, Legacy 2 Class units were down 2.98%, Global 1 Class units were down 2.92% and Global 2 Class units were down 2.94%. Grant Park's August performance was negative. Performance in the metals sector was negative and driven by positions in aluminum, palladium, zinc and nickel. The interest rate sector performance was negative due to positions in U.S. 10-year treasury notes, Japanese government bonds and German bunds. Performance in the stock indices sector was negative and was driven by positions in the Nikkei and ALL ORD indices. Negative performance in the agriculturals sector was led by positions in cotton and live cattle. Currencies
sector performance was negative, led by positions in the Canadian dollar, the Swiss franc and the Mexican peso. The energies sector was positive due to gains from positions in gas oil and heating oil.
September. Grant Park recorded gains during the month. Class A units were up 2.05%, Class B units were up 2.00%, Legacy 1 Class units were up 2.25%, Legacy 2 Class units up 2.23%, Global 1 Class units were up 2.30% and Global 2 Class units were up 2.28%. Grant Park's September performance was positive. The interest rate sector performance was positive due to positions in the Euribor, 3-month CORRA futures, 3-month SONIA futures, Italian government bonds and the bobl futures. Performance in the stock indices sector was positive and was driven by positions in the Hang Seng, FTSE China A50 and the MSCI EM indices. Currencies sector performance was positive, led by positions in the British pound, the Australian dollar and the New Zealand dollar. Performance in the metals sector was positive and driven by positions in gold and zinc. Negative performance in the agriculturals sector was led by positions in corn, soybeans, cotton and sugar. The energies sector was negative due to positions in natural gas and crude oil.
Capital Resources
Effective April 1, 2019, units in Grant Park were no longer offered for sale. For existing investors in Grant Park, business has been and will continue as usual. There was no change in trading, operations or monthly statements, etc., and redemptions requests will continue to be offered on a monthly basis.
Due to the nature of Grant Park's business, it does not make any capital expenditures and does not have any capital assets that are not operating capital or assets.
Grant Park maintains 65% to 95% of its net asset value in cash, cash equivalents or other liquid positions over and above that needed to post as collateral for trading. These funds are available to meet redemptions each month.
Liquidity
Most U.S. futures exchanges limit fluctuations in some futures and options contract prices during a single day by regulations referred to as daily price fluctuation limits or daily limits. During a single trading day, no trades may be executed at prices beyond the daily limit. Once the price of a contract has reached the daily limit for that day, positions in that contract can neither be taken nor liquidated. Futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading. Similar occurrences could prevent Grant Park from promptly liquidating unfavorable positions and subject Grant Park to substantial losses that could exceed the margin initially committed to those trades. In addition, even if futures or options prices do not move to the daily limit, Grant Park may not be able to execute trades at favorable prices, if little trading in the contracts is taking place. Other than these limitations on liquidity, which are inherent in Grant Park's futures and options trading operations, Grant Park's assets are expected to be highly liquid.
A portion of each Trading Company's assets is used as margin to support its trading. Margin requirements are satisfied by the deposit of U.S. Treasury bills and/or cash with brokers subject to CFTC regulations and various exchange and broker requirements.
Grant Park maintains a portion of its assets at its clearing brokers as well as at Lake Forest Bank & Trust Company. These assets, which may range from 5% to 35% of Grant Park's value, are held in cash, and/or U.S. Treasury securities. The balance of Grant Park's assets, which range from 65% to 95%, are invested in investment grade money market instruments, U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. Government sponsored enterprises and exchange-traded funds purchased by the general partner which are held in a separate account in the name of GP Cash Management, LLC and custodied at State Street Bank and Trust Company. See Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements included in this report for further information regarding this arrangement. The general partner currently manages the liquid assets of Grant Park. Violent fluctuations in prevailing interest rates and/or changes in other economic conditions could cause mark-to-market losses on Grant Park's cash management income.
Off-Balance Sheet Risk
Off-balance sheet risk refers to an unrecorded potential liability that, even though it does not appear on the balance sheet, may result in future obligation or loss. Grant Park trades in futures, swap transactions and other commodity interest contracts and is therefore a party to financial instruments with elements of off-balance sheet market and credit risk. In entering into these contracts, Grant Park faces the market risk that these contracts may be significantly influenced by market conditions, such as interest rate volatility, resulting in such contracts being less valuable. If the markets should move against all of the commodity interest positions of Grant Park at the same time, and if Grant Park were unable to offset positions, Grant Park could lose all of its assets and the limited partners would realize a 100% loss. Grant Park minimizes market risk through real-time monitoring of open positions, diversification of the portfolio and maintenance of a margin-to-equity ratio that rarely exceeds 25%. All positions of Grant Park are valued each day on a mark-to-market basis.
In addition to market risk, when entering into commodity interest contracts there is a credit risk that a counterparty will not be able to meet its obligations to Grant Park. The counterparty for futures and options on futures contracts traded in the United States and on most non-U.S. futures exchanges is the clearing organization associated with such exchange. In general, clearing organizations are backed by the corporate members of the clearing organization who are required to share any financial burden resulting from the nonperformance by one of their members and, as such, should significantly reduce this credit risk.
In cases where the clearing organization is not backed by the clearing members, like some non-U.S. exchanges, it is normally backed by a consortium of banks or other financial institutions.
In the case of forward contracts, over-the-counter options contracts or swap contracts, which are traded on the interbank or other institutional market rather than on exchanges, the counterparty is generally a single bank or other financial institution, rather than a central clearing organization backed by a group of financial institutions. As a result, there likely will be greater counterparty credit risk in these transactions. Grant Park trades only with those counterparties that it believes to be creditworthy. Nonetheless, the clearing member, clearing organization or other counterparty to these transactions may not be able to meet its obligations to Grant Park, in which case Grant Park could suffer significant losses on these contracts.
In the normal course of business, Grant Park enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and which provide general indemnifications. Grant Park's maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown, as this would involve future claims that may be made against Grant Park that have not yet occurred. Grant Park expects the risk of any future obligation under these indemnifications to be remote.
Contractual Obligations
None.