Stay safe; extreme cold temperatures can lead to medical emergencies

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

CONTACT: Wes Stubblefield, M.D., (256) 340-2113

The Alabama Department of Public Health (ADPH) urges the public to know the signs and symptoms of hypothermia and frostbite and take extra precautions during times of extremely cold weather such as those being experienced in the state this week.

Hypothermia is a medical emergency that can lead to death. Hypothermia occurs when the body's core temperature falls below 95 degrees F, just a few degrees less than the normal body temperature. When exposed to cold, human bodies begin to lose heat faster than it can be produced.

Frostbite is an injury most common on exposed skin such as cheeks, nose and ears, but it can also occur on hands and feet. Early warning signs include numbness, loss of feeling or a stinging sensation. If you suspect frostbite, get the person out of the cold immediately and slowly warm the affected area, but do not rub it since that can damage the skin. If numbness continues, seek emergency care.

Signs and symptoms of hypothermia are as follows:

Adults:

• Shivering
• Exhaustion or feeling very tired
• Confusion
• Fumbling hands
• Memory loss
• Slurred speech
• Drowsiness

Babies:

• Bright red, cold skin
• Very low energy

Frostbite

Any of the following signs may point to frostbite:

• A white or grayish-yellow skin area
• Skin that feels unusually firm or waxy
• Numbness

If unable to get help right away, try to warm the person up.

• Get the person into a warm room or shelter.
• Remove any wet clothing the person is wearing.
• Warm the center of the person's body-chest, neck, head, and groin-using an electric blanket, if available. You can also use skin-to-skin contact under loose, dry layers of blankets, clothing, towels, or sheets.
• Warm drinks can help increase body temperature, but do not give alcoholic drinks. Do not try to give beverages to an unconscious person.
• After body temperature has increased, keep the person dry and wrap their body, including their head and neck, in a warm blanket.
• Get the person proper medical attention as soon as possible.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, victims of hypothermia are often:

• Older adults with inadequate food, clothing or heating
• Babies sleeping in cold bedrooms
• People who remain outdoors for long periods-people experiencing homelessness, hikers, hunters and others
• People who drink alcohol or use illicit drugs.

Guidance and graphics about preventing hypothermia and frostbite precautions are available at the CDC.

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1/7/25

County health departments throughout Alabama provide a wide range of confidential and professional services. Contact your local county health department for additional information.

Mission: To promote, protect, and improve Alabama's health

Vision: Healthy People. Healthy Communities. Healthy Alabama.

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