AGNC Investment Corp.

05/04/2026 | Press release | Distributed by Public on 05/04/2026 07:13

Quarterly Report for Quarter Ending March 31, 2026 (Form 10-Q)

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is designed to provide a reader of AGNC Investment Corp.'s consolidated financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for quarterly period ended March 31, 2026. Our MD&A is presented in the following sections:
•Executive Overview
•Financial Condition
•Results of Operations
•Liquidity and Capital Resources
•Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
•Forward-Looking Statements
•Website and Social Media Disclosure
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
We are a leading provider of private capital to the U.S. housing market, enhancing liquidity in the residential real estate mortgage markets and, in turn, facilitating home ownership in the U.S. We invest primarily in Agency residential mortgage-backed securities ("Agency RMBS") on a leveraged basis. These investments consist of residential mortgage pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations for which the principal and interest payments are guaranteed by a U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise, such as Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac," and together with Fannie Mae, the "GSEs"), or by a U.S. Government agency, such as Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae"). We may also invest in Agency multifamily MBS that are similarly guaranteed by a GSE and in other assets related to the housing, mortgage or real estate markets that are not guaranteed by a GSE or U.S. Government agency.
We are internally managed with the principal objective of generating favorable long-term stockholder returns with a substantial yield component. We generate income from the interest earned on our investments, net of associated borrowing and hedging costs, and net realized gains and losses on our investment and hedging activities. We fund our investments primarily through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements. We operate in a manner to qualify to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code.
We employ an active management strategy that is dynamic and responsive to evolving market conditions. The composition of our portfolio and our investment, funding, and hedging strategies are tailored to reflect our analysis of market conditions and the relative values of available options. Market conditions are influenced by a variety of factors, including interest rates, prepayment expectations, liquidity, housing prices, unemployment rates, general economic conditions, government participation in the mortgage market, regulations and relative returns on other assets.
Trends and Recent Market Impacts
Market Trends
Agency RMBS performance in the first quarter of 2026 was driven by two divergent macroeconomic themes. In January and February, the Administration's focus on reducing interest rate volatility, maintaining mortgage spread stability, and improving housing affordability drove strong performance across the broader fixed income complex and Agency RMBS specifically. This favorable investment environment was, however, quickly eclipsed in March by the war in Iran and the potential for more widespread conflict in the Middle East. The associated increase in volatility and negative shift in investor sentiment caused Agency RMBS spreads to benchmark rates to widen, and, as a result, AGNC's economic return on tangible net book value per common share in the first quarter was -1.6%.1 Despite the quarter-over-quarter spread widening, Agency RMBS generated a positive excess return relative to both U.S. Treasuries and investment grade corporate bonds in the first quarter, demonstrating the diversification benefit of this high credit quality, fixed income asset class.
We continue to believe that many of the positive catalysts for Agency RMBS performance observed at the beginning of the year remain intact, with several improving further during the first quarter. First, mortgage spreads to benchmark rates widened significantly in March, and these wider spread levels provide investors with compelling value on both an absolute and relative basis. Second, supply-demand technicals have improved as a result of higher mortgage rates, increased bond fund inflows, and proposed regulatory capital changes. Third, the higher rate environment also increases the likelihood of actions by the Administration to stabilize or reduce mortgage spreads as a means to mitigate housing affordability issues. Finally, although
interest rate volatility has increased and future Federal Reserve monetary policy actions have become somewhat more uncertain, we believe that, with some form of resolution or easing of tensions in the Middle East, these factors could quickly revert to positive catalysts for Agency RMBS. As a result, our longer-term outlook for Agency RMBS remains constructive, despite near-term challenges associated with heightened geopolitical and macroeconomic risks.
Agency RMBS Performance Drivers
During the first quarter, Agency RMBS performance varied meaningfully by coupon and hedge type. Lower coupon Agency RMBS significantly outperformed higher coupon Agency RMBS due to strong index demand from money managers as a result of outsized bond fund inflows. Specifically, spreads of lower coupon Agency RMBS to U.S. Treasuries tightened about 10 basis points during the quarter, while spreads of higher coupon Agency RMBS to U.S. Treasuries widened about 5 basis points on average.
Agency RMBS performance was also materially impacted by hedge type as U.S. Treasury hedges outperformed swap hedges during the quarter. Ten-year swap spreads to U.S. Treasuries, for example, tightened by almost 10 basis points. As a result, an Agency RMBS position hedged with a 10-year pay-fixed swap experienced spread widening of about 10 basis points when compared to the same position hedged with a 10-year Treasury. This tightening in swap spreads was largely driven by increased demand for swap hedges amid heightened Middle East uncertainty.
Portfolio and Summary Financial Highlights
For the first quarter, AGNC generated a total comprehensive loss of $(0.18) per diluted common share and an economic return of -1.6% on tangible common equity, comprised of $0.36 in dividends per common share declared during the first quarter and a $(0.50) decrease in tangible net book value per common share. This compares to total comprehensive income of $0.89 per diluted common share and an economic return of 11.6% for the fourth quarter of 2025, comprised of $0.36 in dividends and a $0.60 increase in tangible net book value per common share.
Net spread and dollar roll income (a non-GAAP measure) was $0.42 per diluted common share for the first quarter, compared to $0.35 per diluted common share for the fourth quarter. The increase was largely due to a 25-basis point increase in our net interest spread, which was driven by the combination of a greater allocation to interest rate swaps in our hedge portfolio, lower repo funding costs, more favorable TBA implied financing levels, and a modest increase in the yield on our asset portfolio. Quarter-over-quarter results also benefited from reduced compensation expense, as our fourth quarter results included year-end incentive compensation accrual adjustments.
Our investment portfolio totaled $94.7 billion as of March 31, 2026, compared to $94.8 billion as of December 31, 2025. During the first quarter we rotated a portion of our portfolio down in coupon and purchased $1.7 billion of predominately low coupon specified pools. Consistent with these portfolio changes, the weighted average coupon on our portfolio, inclusive of TBAs, declined to 4.95% from 5.12% as of December 31, 2025 and the portion of our fixed-rate portfolio with favorable prepayment attributes2 increased slightly to 77% as of March 31, 2026, compared to 76% as of December 31, 2025.
The average projected life Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") for our portfolio increased to 10.3% as of March 31, 2026, from 9.6% as of December 31, 2025, largely due to prepayment model updates implemented in the first quarter and portfolio composition changes, partly offset by higher mortgage rates. Actual CPRs averaged 13.2% for the first quarter, compared to 9.7% for the fourth quarter.
As of March 31, 2026, our "at risk" leverage was 7.4x tangible equity, compared to 7.2x as of December 31, 2025, while average leverage for the quarter was unchanged at 7.4x. We ended the quarter with $7.0 billion of unencumbered cash and Agency RMBS, representing 60% of tangible equity, compared to $7.6 billion and 64%, respectively, as of December 31, 2025.
As of March 31, 2026, our hedge ratio was 83%, reflecting the level of interest rate swap and U.S. Treasury hedges (excluding option-based hedges) relative to total funding liabilities, compared to 77% as of December 31, 2025. The notional balance of our interest rate swaps increased to $76.5 billion, representing 89% of our funding liabilities as of March 31, 2026, compared to $64.6 billion and 75%, respectively, as of December 31, 2025. Our duration gap, which measures the estimated difference between the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities, including hedges, extended to 0.7 years as of quarter-end, compared to 0.4 years as of December 31, 2025, which we believe provides additional prepayment protection in a declining rate scenario.
For information regarding non-GAAP financial measures, including reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP measure, please refer to Results of Operations included in this MD&A below. For information regarding the sensitivity of our tangible net book value per common share to changes in interest rates and mortgage spreads, please refer to Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in this form 10-Q.
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1.Economic return represents the sum of the change in tangible net book value per common share and dividends declared per share of common stock during the period over beginning tangible net book value per common share.
2.Agency RMBS with favorable prepayment attributes include: (i) specified pools backed by lower balance loans with original loan balances of up to $200K, HARP pools (defined as pools that were issued between May 2009 and December 2018 and backed by 100% refinance loans with original LTVs ≥ 80%), and pools backed by loans 100% originated in New York and Puerto Rico and (ii) other pools backed by loans with credit, loan balances, geographies, occupancy types, and other characteristics that exhibit favorable prepayment behavior.
Market Information
The following table summarizes benchmark interest rates and prices of generic fixed rate Agency RMBS as of each date presented below:
Interest Rate/Security Price 1
Mar. 31, 2025 June 30, 2025 Sept. 30, 2025 Dec. 31, 2025 Mar. 31, 2026
Mar. 31, 2026
vs
Dec. 31, 2025
Target Federal Funds Rate:
Target Federal Funds Rate - Upper Band
4.50% 4.50% 4.25% 3.75% 3.75% - bps
SOFR:
SOFR Rate 4.41% 4.45% 4.24% 3.87% 3.68% -19 bps
SOFR Interest Rate Swap Rate:
2-Year Swap
3.72% 3.49% 3.40% 3.31% 3.62% +31 bps
5-Year Swap
3.65% 3.43% 3.39% 3.46% 3.62% +16 bps
10-Year Swap
3.76% 3.69% 3.66% 3.80% 3.87% +7 bps
30-Year Swap
3.79% 3.90% 3.93% 4.17% 4.13% -4 bps
U.S. Treasury Security Rate:
2-Year U.S. Treasury
3.89% 3.72% 3.61% 3.48% 3.80% +32 bps
5-Year U.S. Treasury
3.95% 3.80% 3.74% 3.73% 3.94% +21 bps
10-Year U.S. Treasury
4.21% 4.23% 4.15% 4.17% 4.32% +15 bps
30-Year U.S. Treasury
4.57% 4.78% 4.73% 4.85% 4.91% +6 bps
30-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:
2.5%
$83.05 $82.98 $84.25 $84.63 $84.16 -$0.47
3.0%
$86.58 $86.55 $87.85 $88.50 $87.97 -$0.53
3.5%
$90.11 $90.07 $91.40 $92.53 $91.67 -$0.86
4.0%
$93.10 $93.02 $94.27 $94.95 $94.28 -$0.67
4.5% $95.55 $95.67 $97.02 $97.70 $96.48 -$1.22
5.0% $97.89 $98.03 $99.19 $99.83 $98.59 -$1.24
5.5% $99.79 $99.99 $100.84 $101.45 $100.44 -$1.01
6.0% $101.49 $101.63 $102.16 $102.69 $101.91 -$0.78
6.5% $103.08 $103.22 $103.34 $103.94 $103.44 -$0.50
15-Year Fixed Rate Agency Price:
1.5% $87.69 $88.84 $89.48 $90.39 $89.84 -$0.55
2.0% $90.30 $91.38 $91.97 $92.52 $91.86 -$0.66
2.5%
$92.44 $93.38 $94.05 $94.55 $94.38 -$0.17
3.0%
$94.55 $95.34 $95.83 $96.23 $95.42 -$0.81
3.5%
$96.16 $96.53 $96.89 $97.23 $96.22 -$1.01
4.0%
$97.37 $97.81 $98.36 $98.67 $97.57 -$1.10
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1.Price information is for generic instruments only and is not reflective of our specific portfolio holdings. Price information is as of 3:00 p.m. (EST) on such date and can vary by source. Price information is sourced from Barclays. Interest rate information is sourced from Bloomberg.
The following table summarizes mortgage and credit spreads as of each date presented below:
Mortgage Rate/Credit Spread Mar. 31, 2025 June 30, 2025 Sept. 30, 2025 Dec. 31, 2025 Mar. 31, 2026
Mar. 31, 2026
vs
Dec. 31, 2025
Mortgage Rate: 1
30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 5-Year U.S. Treasury Spread 156 168 146 131 144 +13
30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 10-Year U.S. Treasury Spread 130 125 105 87 106 +19
30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 5/10-Year U.S. Treasury Spread 143 146 126 110 124 +14
30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 5/10-Year Swap Spread 181 192 168 141 163 +22
30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 3/5/10-Year U.S. Treasury Spread 150 157 137 123 135 +12
30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield to 3/5/10-Year Swap Spread 183 197 174 151 169 +18
30-Year Agency Current Coupon Yield 5.51% 5.48% 5.20% 5.04% 5.38% +34 bps
30-Year Mortgage Rate 6.60% 6.67% 6.32% 6.16% 6.35% +19 bps
Credit Spread (in bps): 2
CRT M2 163 155 151 150 144 -6
CMBS AAA 94 86 77 78 80 +2
CDX IG 61 51 52 50 63 +13
CDX HY 373 316 318 314 383 +69
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1.30-Year Current Coupon Yield represents the yield on new production Agency RMBS. 30-Year Current Coupon Yields are sourced from Bloomberg and 30-Year Mortgage Rates are sourced from Clear Blue.
2.CRT and CDX spreads sourced from JP Morgan. CMBS spreads are the average of spreads sourced from Bank of America, JP Morgan and Wells Fargo.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our investment portfolio totaled $94.7 billion and $94.8 billion, respectively, consisting of: $84.4 billion and $81.1 billion Agency RMBS, at fair value, respectively; $9.5 billion and $13.0 billion net TBA securities, at fair value, respectively; $0.6 billion and $0.6 billion CRT, non-Agency RMBS and CMBS, at fair value, respectively; and other mortgage credit investments of $69 million and $70 million, respectively, which we account for under the equity method of accounting. The following table is a summary of our investment securities (including TBA securities) as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Investment Securities (Includes TBAs) 1
Amortized Cost Fair Value Average Coupon % Amortized Cost Fair Value Average Coupon %
Fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities:
≤ 15-year:
≤ 15-year RMBS $ 235 $ 231 4.49 % - % $ 251 $ 248 4.47 % - %
15-year TBA securities 615 609 4.07 % 1 % 151 151 5.29 % - %
Total ≤ 15-year
850 840 4.18 % 1 % 402 399 4.78 % - %
20-year RMBS
228 215 3.75 % - % 238 227 3.76 % - %
30-year:
30-year RMBS 81,034 80,020 5.27 % 85 % 77,154 77,008 5.19 % 81 %
30-year TBA securities, net 2
9,127 8,939 2.54 % 9 % 12,766 12,837 4.72 % 14 %
Total 30-year
90,161 88,959 4.96 % 94 % 89,920 89,845 5.12 % 95 %
Total fixed rate Agency RMBS and TBA securities 91,239 90,014 4.95 % 95 % 90,560 90,471 5.12 % 96 %
Adjustable rate Agency RMBS 824 829 4.85 % 1 % 858 867 4.87 % 1 %
Multifamily 2,956 2,960 4.17 % 3 % 2,521 2,539 4.36 % 3 %
CMO Agency RMBS:
CMO 81 78 3.26 % - % 85 83 3.27 % - %
Interest-only strips 100 94 0.53 % - % 100 96 0.52 % - %
Principal-only strips 21 20 - % - % 22 20 - % - %
Total CMO Agency RMBS 3
202 192 3.26 % - % 207 199 3.27 % - %
Total Agency RMBS and TBA securities 3
95,221 93,995 4.92 % 99 % 94,146 94,076 5.09 % 100 %
Non-Agency RMBS 1,3
16 15 5.15 % - % 16 15 5.12 % - %
CMBS 3
11 9 5.92 % - % 11 10 6.00 % - %
CRT 552 593 9.81 % 1 % 561 606 10.00 % 1 %
Total investment securities 3
$ 95,800 $ 94,612 4.95 % 100 % $ 94,734 $ 94,707 5.12 % 100 %
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1.Table excludes other mortgage credit investments of $69 million and $70 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
2.TBA securities are presented net of long and short positions. For further details of our TBA securities refer to Note 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q
3.Average coupon excludes interest-only and principal-only securities.
TBA securities are recorded as derivative instruments in our accompanying consolidated financial statements, and our TBA dollar roll transactions represent a form of off-balance sheet financing. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our TBA securities had a net carrying value of $(194) million and $71 million, respectively, reported in derivative assets/(liabilities) on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying value represents the difference between the fair value of the underlying security in the TBA contract and the price to be paid or received for the underlying security.
As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the weighted average yield on our investment securities (excluding TBA and forward settling securities) was 4.93% and 4.93%, respectively.
The following tables summarize certain characteristics of our fixed rate Agency RMBS portfolio, inclusive of TBA securities, as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):
March 31, 2026
Includes Net TBA Position Excludes Net TBA Position
Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA Securities Par Value Amortized
Cost 		Fair Value
Specified Pool % 1
Weighted Average Coupon Amortized
Cost Basis 		Weighted Average
Projected
CPR 2
Yield 2
Age (Months)
Fixed rate
≤ 15-year:
2.0% $ 28 $ 29 $ 26 100% 2.00% 102.3% 1.35% 63 9%
2.5% 6 6 6 100% 2.50% 99.6% 2.79% 157 12%
3.0% 17 17 17 100% 3.00% 100.7% 2.36% 151 12%
3.5% 254 248 245 2% 3.50% 100.9% 2.62% 151 13%
4.0% 250 246 244 -% 4.00% 101.2% 2.77% 151 14%
≥ 4.5% 299 304 302 8% 5.22% 101.5% 4.72% 5 12%
Total ≤ 15-year 854 850 840 9% 4.18% 101.5% 4.04% 30 12%
20-year:
2.5% 23 24 21 -% 2.50% 103.9% 1.75% 72 6%
3.0% 21 21 19 97% 3.00% 103.2% 2.29% 80 8%
3.5% 74 75 72 77% 3.50% 101.4% 2.97% 150 10%
4.0% 47 49 46 92% 4.00% 103.4% 3.09% 106 9%
≥ 4.5% 56 59 57 96% 4.65% 104.4% 3.42% 99 11%
Total 20-year: 221 228 215 80% 3.75% 103.0% 2.92% 113 9%
30-year:
≤ 3.0% 8,738 7,798 7,460 18% 2.62% 97.1% 2.91% 57 6%
3.5% 3,428 3,543 3,213 81% 3.50% 103.5% 2.89% 123 7%
4.0% 4,654 4,911 4,472 89% 4.00% 105.5% 3.07% 107 7%
4.5% 8,288 8,391 8,067 39% 4.50% 102.3% 4.08% 59 8%
5.0% 26,065 25,952 25,855 26% 5.00% 99.5% 5.07% 20 7%
5.5% 22,286 22,428 22,603 41% 5.50% 100.6% 5.40% 23 9%
6.0% 10,362 10,569 10,701 49% 6.00% 102.0% 5.57% 21 12%
≥ 6.5% 6,337 6,569 6,588 20% 6.51% 103.7% 5.34% 16 20%
Total 30-year 90,158 90,161 88,959 38% 4.96% 101.5% 4.92% 34 11%
Total fixed rate $ 91,233 $ 91,239 $ 90,014 38% 4.95% 101.5% 4.91% 34 11%
________________________________
1.Specified pools include pools backed by lower balance loans with original loan balances of up to $200K, HARP pools (defined as pools that were issued between May 2009 and December 2018 and backed by 100% refinance loans with original LTVs ≥ 80%), and pools backed by loans 100% originated in New York and Puerto Rico. As of March 31, 2026, lower balance specified pools had a weighted average original loan balance of $181,000 and $143,000 for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively, and HARP pools had a weighted average original LTV of 128% and 146% for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively.
2.Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of March 31, 2026.
December 31, 2025
Includes Net TBA Position Excludes Net TBA Position
Fixed Rate Agency RMBS and TBA Securities Par Value Amortized
Cost 		Fair Value
Specified Pool % 1
Weighted Average Coupon Amortized
Cost Basis 		Weighted Average
Projected
CPR 2
Yield 2
Age (Months)
Fixed rate
≤ 15-year:
≤ 2.0% $ 29 $ 30 $ 27 100% 2.00% 102.3% 1.34% 60 10%
≤ 2.5% 7 7 7 100% 2.50% 99.6% 2.79% 154 20%
3.0% 20 20 20 100% 3.00% 100.7% 2.37% 148 18%
3.5% 5 5 5 100% 3.50% 100.9% 2.62% 148 19%
4.0% 1 1 1 23% 4.00% 100.5% 2.08% 170 68%
4.5% 333 339 339 8% 5.20% 101.5% 4.66% 2 16%
Total ≤ 15-year 395 402 399 21% 4.78% 101.4% 3.98% 29 16%
20-year:
2.5% 23 24 21 -% 2.50% 104.0% 1.75% 69 6%
3.0% 21 22 20 97% 3.00% 103.3% 2.29% 77 8%
3.5% 78 79 77 77% 3.50% 101.5% 2.97% 147 10%
4.0% 49 51 49 92% 4.00% 103.4% 3.09% 103 9%
≥ 4.5% 59 62 60 96% 4.66% 104.5% 3.42% 97 11%
Total 20-year: 230 238 227 80% 3.76% 103.1% 2.93% 110 9%
30-year:
≤ 3.0% 2,031 1,994 1,761 73% 2.57% 98.2% 2.80% 54 7%
3.5% 3,966 4,055 3,746 73% 3.50% 103.6% 2.89% 120 7%
4.0% 4,856 5,127 4,712 90% 4.00% 105.6% 3.06% 105 7%
4.5% 11,943 11,923 11,744 28% 4.50% 102.1% 4.11% 55 8%
5.0% 24,827 24,616 24,919 22% 5.00% 99.1% 5.13% 20 7%
5.5% 22,593 22,719 23,136 41% 5.50% 100.6% 5.40% 19 9%
6.0% 14,462 14,743 15,005 39% 6.00% 101.9% 5.59% 18 12%
≥ 6.5% 4,589 4,743 4,822 36% 6.51% 103.5% 5.43% 15 20%
Total 30-year 89,267 89,920 89,845 38% 5.12% 101.2% 4.91% 33 10%
Total fixed rate $ 89,892 $ 90,560 $ 90,471 38% 5.12% 101.2% 4.91% 34 10%
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1.See Note 1 of the preceding table for specified pool composition. As of December 31, 2025, lower balance specified pools had a weighted average original loan balance of $181,000 and $142,000 for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively, and HARP pools had a weighted average original LTV of 128% and 142% for 15-year and 30-year securities, respectively.
2.Portfolio yield incorporates a projected life CPR based on forward rate assumptions as of December 31, 2025.
For additional details regarding our CRT and non-Agency securities, including credit ratings, as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, please refer to Note 3 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to the results presented in accordance with GAAP, our results of operations discussed below include certain non-GAAP financial information, including "economic interest income," "economic interest expense," and "net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders" and the related per common share measures and certain financial metrics derived from such non-GAAP information.
"Economic interest income" is measured as interest income (GAAP measure), adjusted to (i) exclude retrospective "catch-up" adjustments to premium amortization cost associated with changes in projected CPR estimates and (ii) include TBA dollar roll implied interest income. "Economic interest expense" is measured as interest expense (GAAP measure) adjusted to include TBA dollar roll implied interest expense/benefit and interest rate swap periodic cost/income. "Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders" is measured as comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders (GAAP measure) adjusted to: (i) exclude gains/losses on investment securities recognized through net income and other comprehensive income and gains/losses on derivative instruments and other securities (GAAP measures); (ii) exclude retrospective "catch-up" adjustments to premium amortization cost associated with changes in projected CPR estimates; and (iii) include interest rate swap periodic income/cost, TBA dollar roll income and other interest income/expense. As defined,
"Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders" includes (i) the components of "economic interest income" and "economic interest expense", plus (ii) other interest income/expense, and less (iii) total operating expenses and dividends on preferred stock (GAAP measures).
By providing such measures, in addition to the related GAAP measures, we believe we give greater transparency into the information used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. We also believe it is important for users of our financial information to consider information related to our current financial performance without the effects of certain measures and one-time events that are not necessarily indicative of our current investment portfolio performance and operations.
Specifically, with respect to "net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders" and its components, "economic interest income" and "economic interest expense," we believe the inclusion of TBA dollar roll income is meaningful because TBAs, which are accounted for under GAAP as derivative instruments with gains and losses recognized in other gain (loss) in our consolidated statement of comprehensive income, are economically equivalent to holding and financing generic Agency RMBS using short-term repurchase agreements. Similarly, we believe that the inclusion of periodic interest rate swap settlements is meaningful because interest rate swaps are the primary instruments we use to economically hedge against fluctuations in our borrowing costs, and their inclusion is more indicative of our total cost of funds than interest expense alone. Additionally, we believe the exclusion of "catch-up" premium amortization adjustments is meaningful because it excludes the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods due to current changes in future prepayment expectations and, therefore, is more indicative of the current earnings potential of our investment portfolio.
However, because such measures are incomplete measures of our financial performance and involve differences from results computed in accordance with GAAP, they should be considered as supplementary to, and not as a substitute for, results computed in accordance with GAAP. In addition, because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of such non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
Selected Financial Data
The following selected financial data is derived from our interim consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the more detailed information contained in Item 1. Financial Statements and in this Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (in millions, except per share amounts):
March 31,
December 31,
Balance Sheet Data
2026
2025
(Unaudited)
Investment securities, at fair value of $85,064 and $81,719, respectively, and other mortgage credit investments
$ 85,133 $ 81,789
Total assets $ 118,897 $ 115,077
Repurchase agreements and other debt $ 87,616 $ 85,342
Total liabilities $ 106,716 $ 102,684
Total stockholders' equity $ 12,181 $ 12,393
Net book value per common share 1
$ 8.84 $ 9.35
Tangible net book value per common share 2
$ 8.38 $ 8.88
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Statement of Comprehensive Income Data (Unaudited)
2026 2025
Interest income $ 1,050 $ 846
Interest expense 731 687
Net interest income (expense) 319 159
Other loss, net (433) (81)
Operating expenses 34 28
Net income (loss) (148) 50
Dividends on preferred stock 44 35
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders $ (192) $ 15
Net income (loss) $ (148) $ 50
Other comprehensive income (loss), net (8) 93
Comprehensive income (loss) (156) 143
Dividends on preferred stock 44 35
Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders $ (200) $ 108
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic 1,122.6 918.3
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted 1,122.6 921.9
Net income (loss) per common share - basic $ (0.17) $ 0.02
Net income (loss) per common share - diluted $ (0.17) $ 0.02
Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - basic $ (0.18) $ 0.12
Comprehensive income (loss) per common share - diluted $ (0.18) $ 0.12
Dividends declared per common share $ 0.36 $ 0.36
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Other Data (Unaudited) * 2026 2025
Average investment securities - at par $ 83,659 $ 69,704
Average investment securities - at cost $ 84,814 $ 70,725
Average net TBA dollar roll position - at cost $ 10,343 $ 7,428
Average total assets - at fair value $ 118,469 $ 92,683
Average repurchase agreements and other debt outstanding 3
$ 77,120 $ 61,707
Average stockholders' equity 4
$ 12,405 $ 9,935
Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage 5
7.4:1 7.3:1
Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage (as of period end) 6
7.4:1 7.5:1
Economic return on tangible common equity 7
(1.6) % 2.4 %
Expenses % of average total assets - annualized
0.11 % 0.12 %
Expenses % of average assets, including average net TBA position - annualized
0.11 % 0.11 %
Expenses % of average stockholders' equity - annualized
1.10 % 1.13 %
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* Except as noted below, average numbers for each period are weighted based on days on our books and records.
1.Net book value per common share is calculated as total stockholders' equity, less preferred stock liquidation preference, divided by number of common shares outstanding as of period end.
2.Tangible net book value per common share excludes goodwill.
3.Amount represents the daily weighted average repurchase agreements outstanding for the period used to fund our investment securities and other debt. Amount excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements and TBA contracts. Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs.
4.Average stockholders' equity calculated as average month-ended stockholders' equity during the period.
5.Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage is calculated by dividing the sum of daily weighted average repurchase agreements used to fund our investment securities, other debt, and TBA and forward settling securities (at cost) (collectively "mortgage borrowings") outstanding for the period by the sum of average stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill for the period. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
6.Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage as of period end is calculated by dividing the sum of mortgage borrowings outstanding and receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities as of period end by the sum of total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end. Leverage excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements.
7.Economic return on tangible common equity represents the sum of the change in tangible net book value per common share and dividends declared per share of common stock during the period over beginning tangible net book value per common share.
Economic Interest Income and Asset Yields
The following table summarizes our economic interest income (a non-GAAP measure) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, which includes the combination of interest income (a GAAP measure) on our holdings reported as investment securities on our consolidated balance sheets, adjusted to exclude estimated "catch-up" premium amortization adjustments for the cumulative effect from prior reporting periods due to changes in our CPR forecast, and implied interest income on our TBA securities (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2026 2025
Amount Yield Amount Yield
Interest income:
Cash/coupon interest income
$ 1,102 5.27 % $ 885 5.08 %
Net premium amortization benefit (cost) (52) (0.32) % (39) (0.30) %
Interest income (GAAP measure) 1,050 4.95 % 846 4.78 %
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast (5) (0.02) % 2 0.02 %
Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization 1,045 4.93 % 848 4.80 %
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income 1,2
140 5.42 % 104 5.58 %
Economic interest income (non-GAAP measure) 3
$ 1,185 4.98 % $ 952 4.87 %
Weighted average actual portfolio CPR for investment securities held during the period 13.2 % 7.0 %
Weighted average projected CPR for the remaining life of investment securities held as of period end 10.3 % 8.3 %
30-year fixed rate mortgage rate as of period end 4
6.35 % 6.60 %
10-year U.S. Treasury rate as of period end 4
4.32 % 4.21 %
________________________________
1.Reported in gain (loss) on derivatives instruments and other securities, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
2.Implied interest income from TBA dollar roll transactions is computed as the sum of (i) TBA dollar roll income and (ii) estimated TBA implied funding cost (see Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds below). TBA dollar roll income represents the price differential, or "price drop," between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and is the economic equivalent to interest income on the underlying Agency securities, less an implied funding cost, over the forward settlement period. Amount includes dollar roll income (loss) on long and short TBA securities. Amount excludes TBA mark-to-market adjustments.
3.The combined asset yield is calculated on a weighted average basis based on our average investment and net TBA balance outstanding during the period and their respective yields.
4.30-year fixed rate mortgage rates are sourced from Optimal Blue. 10-year U.S. Treasury rates are sourced from Bloomberg.
The principal elements impacting our economic interest income are the average size of our investment portfolio and the average yield on our securities. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of each of these elements on our economic interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the prior year period (in millions):
Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements Impacting Economic Interest Income
Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 vs. March 31, 2025
Due to Change in Average
Total Increase /
(Decrease) 		Portfolio
Size 		Asset
Yield
Interest Income (GAAP measure) $ 204 $ 169 $ 35
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization due to change in CPR forecast (7) - (7)
Interest income, excluding "catch-up" premium amortization 197 169 28
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest income 36 41 (5)
Economic interest income, excluding "catch-up" amortization (non-GAAP measure) $ 233 $ 210 $ 23
Our average investment portfolio (at cost), inclusive of TBAs, increased 22% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in our capital base. The average yield on our investment portfolio, including TBA implied asset yields and excluding "catch-up" premium amortization, increased 11 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2026, largely due to an increase in the average coupon of our portfolio.
Leverage
Our primary measure of leverage is our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage ratio, which is measured as the sum of our repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund our investment securities and net TBA and forward settling securities position (at cost) (together referred to as "mortgage borrowings") and our net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities, divided by our total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill.
We include our net TBA position in our measure of leverage because a forward contract to acquire Agency RMBS in the TBA market carries similar risks to Agency RMBS purchased in the cash market and funded with on-balance sheet liabilities. Similarly, a TBA contract for the forward sale of Agency securities has substantially the same effect as selling the underlying Agency RMBS and reducing our on-balance sheet funding commitments. (Refer to Liquidity and Capital Resources in this Form 10-Q for further discussion of TBA securities and dollar roll transactions). Repurchase agreements used to fund short-term investments in U.S. Treasury securities ("U.S. Treasury Repo") are excluded from our measure of leverage due to the temporary and highly liquid nature of these investments. The following table presents a summary of our leverage ratios for the periods listed (dollars in millions):
Investment Securities Repurchase Agreements and Other Debt 1
Net TBA Position
Long/(Short) 2
Average Tangible Net Book Value
"At Risk" Leverage during the Period 3
Tangible Net Book Value "At Risk" Leverage
as of
Period End 4
Quarter Ended Average Daily
Amount 		Maximum
Daily Amount 		Ending
Amount 		Average Daily
Amount 		Ending
Amount
March 31, 2026 $ 77,120 $ 79,681 $ 75,840 $ 10,343 $ 9,742 7.4:1 7.4:1
December 31, 2025 $ 69,943 $ 74,195 $ 73,002 $ 13,764 $ 12,917 7.4:1 7.2:1
March 31, 2025 $ 61,707 $ 63,789 $ 63,312 $ 7,428 $ 7,429 7.3:1 7.5:1
________________________________
1.Other debt includes debt of consolidated VIEs. Amounts exclude U.S. Treasury Repo agreements.
2.Daily average and ending net TBA position outstanding measured at cost. Includes forward settling non-Agency securities.
3.Average tangible net book value "at risk" leverage during the period represents the sum of our daily weighted average repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investment securities and net TBA and forward settling securities position outstanding, divided by the sum of our average month-ended stockholders' equity, adjusted to exclude goodwill.
4.Tangible net book value "at risk" leverage as of period end represents the sum of our repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investments securities, net TBA and forward settling securities position (at cost), and net receivable/payable for unsettled investment securities outstanding as of period end, divided by total stockholders' equity, adjusted to exclude goodwill as of period end.
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds
The following table summarizes our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds (non-GAAP measures) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (dollars in millions), which includes the combination of interest expense on repurchase agreements and other debt used to fund acquisitions of investment securities (GAAP measure), implied financing cost of our TBA securities and interest rate swap periodic income:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2026 2025
Economic Interest Expense and Aggregate Cost of Funds 1
Amount Cost of Funds Amount Cost of Funds
Investment securities repurchase agreement and other debt - interest expense (GAAP measure) $ 731 3.79 % $ 687 4.45 %
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense 2,3
89 3.45 % 81 4.34 %
Economic interest expense - before interest rate swap periodic income, net 4
820 3.75 % 768 4.44 %
Interest rate swap periodic income, net 2,5
(182) (0.83) % (293) (1.69) %
Total economic interest expense (non-GAAP measure) $ 638 2.92 % $ 475 2.75 %
________________________________
1.Amounts exclude interest rate swap termination fees and variation margin settlements paid or received, forward starting swaps and the impact of other supplemental hedges, such as swaptions and U.S. Treasury positions.
2.Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
3.The implied funding cost (benefit) of TBA dollar roll transactions is determined using the price differential, or "price drop," between the TBA price for current month settlement versus the TBA price for forward month settlement and market based assumptions regarding the "cheapest-to-deliver" collateral that can be delivered to satisfy the TBA contract, such as the anticipated collateral's weighted average coupon, weighted average maturity and projected 1-month CPR. The average implied funding cost for TBA transactions represents our long TBA position, weighted based on our daily average long position outstanding for the period.
4.The combined cost of funds for total mortgage borrowings outstanding, before interest rate swap periodic income, is calculated on a weighted average basis based on average investment securities repurchase agreements, other debt and TBA securities outstanding during the period and their respective cost of funds.
5.Interest rate swap periodic income is measured as a percent of average mortgage borrowings outstanding for the period.
The principal elements impacting our economic interest expense are (i) the size of our average mortgage borrowings and interest rate swap portfolio outstanding during the period, (ii) the average interest rate on our mortgage borrowings and (iii) the average net interest rate paid/received on our interest rate swaps. The following table includes a summary of the estimated impact of these elements on our economic interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the prior year period (in millions):
Impact of Changes in the Principal Elements of Economic Interest Expense
Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 vs. March 31, 2025
Due to Change in Average
Total Increase / (Decrease) Borrowing / Swap Balance Borrowing / Swap Rate
Investment securities repurchase agreement and other debt interest expense $ 44 $ 172 $ (128)
TBA dollar roll income - implied interest expense 8 32 (24)
Interest rate swap periodic income/cost 111 (182) 293
Total change in economic interest expense $ 163 $ 22 $ 141
Our average mortgage borrowings, inclusive of TBAs, increased 27% for the three months ended March 31, 2026, consistent with the increase to our average investment portfolio. The average interest rate on our mortgage borrowings, excluding the impact of interest rate swap periodic income, decreased 69 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2026, due to a decline in short-term interest rates.
Interest rate swap periodic income declined for the three months ended March 31, 2026, primarily due to higher pay rates on our pay-fixed swaps, driven by the maturity of lower-cost legacy swaps and an increase in our interest rate swap position at higher prevailing rates, as well as lower receive rates. The ratio of interest rate swaps outstanding to mortgage borrowings increased due to a greater allocation to interest rate swaps in our hedge portfolio. The following table summarizes our interest rate swaps outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (dollars in millions). Amounts exclude forward starting swaps not yet in effect.
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Average Ratio of Interest Rate Swaps (Excluding Forward Starting Swaps) to Mortgage Borrowings Outstanding 2026 2025
Average investment securities repo and other debt outstanding $ 77,120 $ 61,707
Average net TBA dollar roll position outstanding - at cost $ 10,343 $ 7,428
Average mortgage borrowings outstanding
$ 87,463 $ 69,135
Average notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding (excluding forward starting swaps), net $ 71,607 $ 44,179
Ratio of average interest rate swaps to mortgage borrowings outstanding
82 % 64 %
Average interest rate swap pay-fixed rate (excluding forward starting swaps) 2.65 % 1.73 %
Average interest rate swap receive-floating rate
(3.67) % (4.38) %
Average interest rate swap net pay/(receive) rate
(1.02) % (2.65) %
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we had an average forward starting net pay-fixed rate swap balance of $2.1 billion and $286 million, respectively. Forward starting interest rate swaps do not impact our economic interest expense and aggregate cost of funds until they commence accruing net interest settlements on their forward start dates.
Net Interest Spread
The following table presents a summary of our net interest spread (including the impact of TBA dollar roll income, interest rate swaps and excluding "catch-up" premium amortization) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Investment and TBA Securities - Net Interest Spread 2026 2025
Average asset yield 4.98 % 4.87 %
Average aggregate cost of funds (2.92) % (2.75) %
Average net interest spread 2.06 % 2.12 %
Net Spread and Dollar Roll Income
The following table presents a reconciliation of net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure) from comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders (the most comparable GAAP financial measure) for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (dollars in millions):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2026 2025
Comprehensive income (loss) available (attributable) to common stockholders
$ (200) $ 108
Adjustments to exclude realized and unrealized (gains) losses reported through net income:
Realized (gain) loss on sale of investment securities, net
(74) 245
Unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net
889 (1,183)
(Gain) loss on derivative instruments and other securities, net
(382) 1,019
Adjustment to exclude unrealized (gain) loss reported through other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale securities measure at fair value through other comprehensive income, net
8 (93)
Other adjustments:
Estimated "catch-up" premium amortization cost (benefit) due to change in CPR forecast 1
(5) 2
TBA dollar roll income, net 2
51 23
Interest rate swap periodic income, net 2
182 293
Other interest income (expense), net 2,3
6 (11)
Net spread and dollar roll income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP measure) 475 403
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic 1,122.6 918.3
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted 1,127.3 921.9
Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - basic $ 0.42 $ 0.44
Net spread and dollar roll income per common share - diluted $ 0.42 $ 0.44
________________________________
1.Reported in interest income in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
2.Reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
3.Other interest income (expense), net includes interest income on cash and cash equivalents; price alignment interest income (expense) ("PAI") on interest rate swap margin deposits posted by or (to) the Company; and other miscellaneous interest income (expense).
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net
The following table is a summary of our net gain (loss) on investment securities for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Gain (Loss) on Investment Securities, Net 1
2026 2025
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net $ 74 $ (245)
Unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities measured at fair value through net income, net 2
(889) 1,183
Unrealized (loss) gain on investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, net
(8) 93
Total (loss) gain on investment securities, net
$ (823) $ 1,031
________________________________
1.Amounts exclude gain (loss) on TBA securities, which is reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.
2.Investment securities acquired after fiscal year 2016 are measured at fair value through net income (see Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q).
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments and Other Securities, Net
The following table is a summary of our gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in millions):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2026 2025
TBA securities, dollar roll income $ 51 $ 23
TBA securities, mark-to-market gain (loss) (105) 54
Interest rate swaps, periodic income 182 293
Interest rate swaps, mark-to-market gain (loss) 273 (862)
Payer swaptions - (19)
Receiver swaptions (6) -
U.S. Treasury securities 111 (400)
U.S. Treasury futures contracts (124) (100)
SOFR futures contracts - long position - 10
Other interest income (expense)
6 (11)
Other gain (loss) (6) (7)
Total gain (loss) on derivative instruments and other securities, net $ 382 $ (1,019)
For further details regarding our use of derivative instruments and related activity refer to Notes 2 and 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our business is dependent on our ability to maintain adequate levels of liquidity and capital resources to fund day-to-day operations, fulfill collateral requirements under our funding and derivative agreements, and to satisfy our dividend distribution requirement of at least 90% of our taxable income to maintain our qualification as a REIT. Our primary sources of liquidity are unencumbered cash and securities, borrowings available under repurchase agreements, TBA dollar roll financing and monthly receipts of principal and interest payments. We may also conduct asset sales, change our asset or funding mix, issue equity or undertake other capital enhancing actions to maintain adequate levels of liquidity and capital resources. There are various risks and uncertainties that can impact our liquidity, such as those described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures of Market Risks in this Form 10-Q. In assessing our liquidity, we consider a number of factors, including our current leverage, collateral levels, access to capital markets, overall market conditions, and the sensitivity of our tangible net book value over a range of scenarios. We believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available to meet our obligations and execute our business strategy.
Leverage and Financing Sources
Our leverage will vary depending on market conditions and our assessment of relative risks and returns, but we generally expect our leverage to be between six and ten times the amount of our tangible stockholders' equity, measured as the sum of our total mortgage borrowings and net payable / (receivable) for unsettled investment securities, divided by the sum of our total stockholders' equity adjusted to exclude goodwill. Our tangible net book value "at risk" leverage ratio was 7.4x and 7.2x as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The following table includes a summary of our mortgage borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (dollars in millions). For additional details of our mortgage borrowings refer to Notes 2, 4 and 5 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Mortgage Borrowings Amount % Amount %
Investment securities repurchase agreements 1,2
$ 75,840 89 % $ 72,946 85 %
Debt of consolidated variable interest entities, at fair value - - % 56 - %
Total debt 75,840 89 % 73,002 85 %
TBA and forward settling non-Agency securities, at cost 9,742 11 % 12,917 15 %
Total mortgage borrowings $ 85,582 100 % $ 85,919 100 %
________________________________
1.Includes Agency RMBS, CRT and non-Agency MBS repurchase agreements. Excludes U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements totaling $11.8 billion and $12.3 billion as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.
2.As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, 43% and 44%, respectively, of our total repurchase agreements, including 49% and 51% or our investment securities repurchase agreements, respectively, were funded through the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation's GCF Repo service.
We primarily finance our assets through collateralized borrowings structured as repurchase agreements ("repo"). We enter into these agreements on a bilateral basis with financial institutions and independent dealers, as well as through tri-party and centrally cleared repo platforms-such as the FICC's GCF Repo service-accessed through our wholly owned, registered broker-dealer subsidiary, Bethesda Securities, LLC. We manage our repo funding through counterparty diversification, maintaining a suitable maturity profile, interest rate hedging, and other strategies. In addition to repo, we also utilize TBA dollar roll transactions to synthetically finance Agency RMBS.
The terms of bilateral repurchase agreements are established on a transaction-by-transaction basis at the time each borrowing is initiated or renewed and are governed by the provisions of a Master Repurchase Agreement. For GCF Repo transactions, the terms and conditions are set by the FICC's clearing rules and applicable operating procedures. Each of our repurchase agreements requires that borrowed amounts be subject to collateralization requirements, and interest rates are generally fixed and reflect prevailing market rates for the specified borrowing term and collateral type. Our repurchase agreement counterparties are not obligated to renew or enter into new borrowings upon the maturity of existing agreements.
TBA dollar roll transactions enhance our funding diversification, expand our available pool of assets, and improve our liquidity position by typically requiring less collateral than Agency RMBS financed with repo. These transactions may also benefit from lower implied costs, or "specialness." However, if rolling TBA contracts into future months becomes uneconomical, we may need to take physical delivery of the underlying securities and fund those securities with other sources, potentially reducing our liquidity position.
Collateral Requirements and Unencumbered Assets
Borrowing capacity under our repurchase agreements is influenced by counterparty margin requirements, collateral values, interest rates, risk limits, and counterparties' willingness and ability to lend. These factors may change over time in response to interest rate movements, overall market liquidity, shifts in credit quality and changes in bank regulatory requirements. Centrally cleared repo capacity also depends on Bethesda Securities continued compliance with regulatory and FICC membership requirements and maintaining its risk exposure within limits established by the FICC.
Haircuts for bilateral repurchase agreements are determined on a transaction-specific basis. A haircut is a discount applied to the market value of pledged collateral to protect the counterparty against potential declines in its value and potential costs of selling collateral after a default. When collateral values decline, counterparties typically issue a margin call requiring us to post additional collateral to restore the required collateralization level. Conversely, if the value of pledged securities rises, we may request the return of excess collateral. Collateral values are determined by our counterparties, who are required to act in good faith.
For centrally cleared GCF repo transactions, margin requirements are set by the FICC. These include an initial margin requirement, calculated daily using a Value-at-Risk ("VaR") model, which evaluates Bethesda Securities' net exposure to the FICC, taking into account the offsetting risk sensitivities of positions such as repos and reverse repos. Initial margin is designed to protect the FICC against potential future exposure from a member default and may also be used to cover losses arising from the default of other clearing members, subject to assessments from the loss mutualization waterfall and applicable caps and withdrawal provisions set pursuant to FICC rules. The FICC also imposes daily variation margin, based on amounts borrowed plus accrued interest, adjusted for fluctuations in collateral value, and is intended to cover the current exposure associated with the repo transaction.
Margin thresholds may increase during periods of elevated market volatility, which could adversely affect our liquidity position. In addition, repo counterparties typically reduce the collateral values assigned to Agency RMBS each month to reflect principal repayments. Bilateral repo counterparties make this adjustment upon the publication of the pay-down factor by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae on the fifth business day following month-end, even though principal payments are generally not received until the 25th calendar day following month-end. The FICC assesses margin on the last business day of each month-prior to the factor release-using internally projected pay-down rates and subsequently adjusts collateral requirements to reflect the actual factor data when released.
The timing difference between margin calls related to principal pay-downs and our receipt of the corresponding cash flows temporarily reduces our available liquidity each month. We manage this liquidity risk by monitoring factors that influence prepayment activity and through disciplined asset selection. As of March 31, 2026, approximately 10% of our investment portfolio consisted of TBA securities, which are not subject to monthly principal pay-downs. The remainder of our portfolio, primarily consisting of Agency RMBS, had an average one-year CPR forecast of 13%.
Collateral requirements under our derivative agreements are typically subject to initial and variation margin requirements, similar to those for centrally cleared repo transactions, and may be adjusted based on changes in the value of the derivative agreements, collateral values, market volatility, and other factors. Collateral requirements for our TBA contracts are governed by the Mortgage-Backed Securities Division ("MBSD") of the FICC. Collateral levels for interest rate swap agreements are established by the central clearing exchange and the associated futures commission merchants ("FCMs"), which may impose margin requirements in excess of those required by the clearing exchange. Collateral requirements for non-centrally cleared derivatives are set by the counterparty financial institution.
Haircut levels and initial or additional minimum margin requirements reduce the amount of our unencumbered assets and limit our borrowing capacity. Margin calls for repo and TBA transactions are typically due on the same business day, while margin calls for interest rate swaps and other derivative transactions are typically due on the next business day, subject to notice provisions. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, haircuts and initial margin requirements on our repo funding arrangements remained stable. As of March 31, 2026, the weighted average haircut and initial margin on our repurchase agreements were approximately 3.3% of the value of our collateral, compared to 3.1% as of December 31, 2025. We were in compliance with all margin requirements as of March 31, 2026.
To mitigate the risk of margin calls, we seek to maintain excess liquidity by holding unencumbered liquid assets that can be used to satisfy collateral requirements, collateralize additional borrowings or be sold for cash. As of March 31, 2026, our unencumbered assets totaled approximately $7.1 billion, or 61% of tangible equity, consisting of $7.0 billion of cash and unencumbered Agency RMBS and $0.1 billion of unencumbered credit assets. This compares to $7.7 billion of unencumbered assets, or 65% of tangible equity, as of December 31, 2025, consisting of $7.6 billion of cash and unencumbered Agency RMBS and $0.1 billion of unencumbered credit assets.
For additional details regarding assets pledged under our repo and derivative agreements refer to Note 6 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
Counterparty Risk
Collateral requirements imposed by counterparties subject us to the risk that pledged assets may not be returned to us as and when required. We attempt to manage this risk by actively monitoring our collateral positions and limiting our counterparties to registered clearinghouses and regulated financial institutions, including banks and broker-dealers (both bank affiliated and independent) with acceptable credit ratings. We also diversify our funding sources across multiple counterparties and geographic region.
As of March 31, 2026, our maximum amount at risk (or the excess/shortfall of the value of collateral pledged/received over our repurchase agreement liabilities/reverse repurchase agreement receivables) with any of our repurchase agreement counterparties, excluding the FICC, was less than 2% of our tangible stockholders' equity, with our top five repo counterparties, excluding the FICC, representing less than 5% of our tangible stockholders' equity. As of March 31, 2026, less than 11% of our tangible stockholders' equity was at risk with the FICC. Excluding central clearing exchanges, as of March 31, 2026, our amount at risk with any counterparty to our derivative agreements was less than 1% of our stockholders' equity.
Asset Sales
Agency RMBS securities are among the most liquid fixed income securities, and the TBA market is the second most liquid market (after the U.S. Treasury market). Although market conditions fluctuate, the vitality of these markets enables us to sell assets under most conditions to generate liquidity through direct sales or delivery into TBA contracts, subject to "good delivery" provisions promulgated by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association ("SIFMA"). Under certain market conditions, however, we may be unable to realize the full carrying value of our securities. We attempt to manage this risk by maintaining at least a minimum level of securities that trade at or near TBA values that in our estimation enhances our portfolio liquidity across a wide range of market conditions. Please refer to Trends and Recent Market Impacts of this Management Discussion and Analysis for further information regarding Agency RMBS and TBA market conditions.
Capital Markets
Equity capital markets serve as a source of capital to grow our business and to meet potential liquidity needs. The availability of equity capital is dependent on market conditions and investor demand for our common and preferred stock. We will typically not issue common stock at times when we believe the capital raised will not be accretive to our tangible net book value or earnings, and we will typically not issue preferred equity when its cost exceeds acceptable hurdle rates of return on our equity. We may also be unable to raise additional equity capital at suitable times or on favorable terms. Furthermore, when the trading price of our common stock is less than our then-current estimate of our tangible net book value per common share, among other conditions, we may repurchase shares of our common stock pursuant to the stock repurchase plan authorized by our Board. As of March 31, 2026, $1.0 billion remained authorized to repurchase shares of our common stock through December 31, 2026. Please refer to Note 9 of our Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for further details regarding our recent equity capital transactions.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As of March 31, 2026, we did not maintain relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance, or special purpose or variable interest entities, established to facilitate off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Additionally, as of March 31, 2026, we had not guaranteed obligations of unconsolidated entities or entered into a commitment or intent to provide funding to such entities.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The statements contained in this Quarterly Report that are not historical facts, including estimates, projections, beliefs, expectations concerning conditions, events, or the outlook for our business, strategy, performance, operations or the markets or industries in which we operate, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as "believe," "plan," "expect," "anticipate," "see," "intend," "outlook," "potential," "forecast," "estimate," "will," "could," "should" "likely" and other similar, correlative or comparable words and expressions.
Forward-looking statements are based on management's assumptions, projections and beliefs as of the date of this Quarterly Report, but they involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements, as well as from historical performance. Factors that could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:
•the level, degree and extent of volatility in interest rates or the yield on our assets relative to interest rate benchmarks;
•fluctuations in mortgage prepayment rates on the loans underlying our Agency RMBS;
•the availability and terms of our financing and hedge positions;
•changes in the market value of our assets, including from changes in net interest spreads, market liquidity or depth, and changes in our "at risk" leverage or hedge positions;
•fluctuations in the yield curve;
•the effectiveness of our risk mitigation strategies;
•conditions in the market for Agency RMBS and other mortgage securities, including changes in the available supply of such securities or investor appetite therefor;
•changes in U.S. monetary policy or interest rates, including actions taken by the Federal Reserve to adjust the size or composition of its U.S. Treasury and Agency RMBS bond portfolio or to influence funding markets;
•changes in U.S. government entity purchases or dispositions of Agency RMBS or other actions that directly or indirectly increase demand or supply of Agency RMBS or affect prepayment speeds;
•the direct or indirect effects of actions by the federal, state, or local governments that affect the economy, the housing sector or financial markets, including actions relating to fiscal policy;
•the direct or indirect effects of geopolitical events, including war, terrorism, civil discord, embargos, trade or other disputes, or natural disasters, on conditions in the markets for Agency RMBS or other mortgage securities, the terms or availability of funding for our business, or our ongoing business operations;
•the availability of personnel, operational resources, information technology and other systems to conduct our operations;
•changes to laws, regulations, rules or policies that affect the GSE's, the primary or secondary mortgage markets in which we participate or U.S. housing finance activity, including actions that would end or alter the conservatorships of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or their quasi-governmental status; and
•legislative or regulatory actions that affect our status as a REIT or our exemption from the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made, and we do not assume any duty and do not undertake to update forward-looking statements. A further discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from any of our forward-looking statements is included under Item 1A. Risk Factors in Part I of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Part II of this Form 10-Q. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements.
WEBSITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA DISCLOSURE
We use our website (www.AGNC.com) and AGNC's LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com/company/agnc-investment-corp/) and X (www.x.com/AGNCInvestment) accounts to distribute information about the Company. Investors should monitor these channels in addition to our press releases, filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), public conference calls and webcasts, as information posted through them may be deemed material. Our website, alerts and social media channels are not incorporated by reference into, and are not a part of, this or any other report filed with or furnished to the SEC. Investors and others may automatically receive emails and information about AGNC when they sign up for investor alerts on the "Investor Resources" tab of the Investor Relations section of our website.
AGNC Investment Corp. published this content on May 04, 2026, and is solely responsible for the information contained herein. Distributed via EDGAR on May 04, 2026 at 13:13 UTC. If you believe the information included in the content is inaccurate or outdated and requires editing or removal, please contact us at [email protected]