Final RI Mosquito Report of 2024: No Additional EEE or West Nile Virus Findings

Final RI Mosquito Report of 2024: No Additional EEE or West Nile Virus Findings

Published on Friday, October 25, 2024

PROVIDENCE, RI - The Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM) and Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) are announcing that the most recent mosquito samples tested by the Rhode Island State Health Laboratories(RISHL) has confirmed no positive findings of Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus, West Nile Virus (WNV) or Jamestown Canyon Virus (JCV). These results are from seven samples collected from 18traps set statewide by DEM on October 15 and 16. Due to seasonably low mosquito populations, the risk of mosquito-borne disease has significantly decreased. However, mosquito biting can still occur during unusually warm weather, with Southern New England experiencing high temperature records this week. Mosquitoes become less active at temperatures below 58 degrees and become largely inactive when temperatures fall below 50 degrees. Until the entire state experiences a true hard frost (defined as three consecutive hours below 32 degrees) which kills adult mosquitoes, the risk of mosquito-borne disease remains.

Additionally, one of the previously announced probable human cases of WNV has been confirmed by testing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Overall, Rhode Island's human WNV case count for the year is now six confirmed human cases of WNV.

This mosquito season, Rhode Island announced 20 EEE virus findings in mosquito samples, 16 WNV findings, one confirmed human case off EEE virus, and six confirmed human cases of WNV. The State of Connecticutannounced 72 EEE virus findings, 309 WNV findings, two JCV findings, nine human cases of WNV, and two animal cases of EEE, and the Commonwealth of Massachusettsannounced 333 WNV findings, 97 EEE findings, four human cases of EEE virus, three animal cases of EEE virus, and 18 human cases of WNV. Weekly mosquito trap density and mosquito testing results are available on RIDOH's arboviral surveillance data webpage.

Although extremely rare in humans, EEE virus is very serious and has a much higher human mortality rate than WNV. Approximately 30% of people with EEE virus die, and many survivors have ongoing neurological problems. Unlike WNV, which is prevalent in Rhode Island every year, EEE virus risk is variable, changing from year to year. For more information on EEE virus and ways to prevent it, please visit www.health.ri.gov/eee.

WNV is the leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the continental United States and is much more prevalent than EEE virus. Cases of WNV occur during mosquito season, which starts in the summer and continues through fall. There are no vaccines to prevent or medications to treat WNV in people. Fortunately, most people infected with WNV do not feel sick. About one in five people who are infected develop a fever and other symptoms. About one out of 150 infected people develop a serious, sometimes fatal, illness. For more information about WNV, please visit www.health.ri.gov/wnv.

EEE virus and WNV are typically present in wild bird populations. Birds are reservoirs of the diseases and mosquitoes transmit these viruses among birds. During an active mosquito season, the viruses are amplified in the environment with each generation of mosquitoes. At a certain point, several mosquito species that bite both birds and mammals serve as a bridge between infected birds and uninfected mammals. Most bridge species are within the Aedes, Coquillettidia,and Culexgenera.

Mosquito Control:

Rhode Islanders should take the following measures to protect themselves from mosquito bitesand to help minimize mosquito breeding:

Protect yourself!

• Put screens on windows and doors. Fix screens that are loose or have holes.
• Consider rescheduling outdoor activities that occur during the evening or early morning at sunrise and sundown (when mosquitoes carrying the EEE virus are most active). If you must be outside, wear long-sleeved shirts and pants and use bug spray.
• Use EPA-approved bug spraywith one of the following active ingredients: DEET(20-30% strength), picaridin, IR3535, and oil of lemon eucalyptus or paramenthane. Always read the label and follow all directions and precautions.
• Do not use bug spray with DEET on infants under two months of age. Check the product label to find the concentration of DEET in a product. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that repellents contain no more than 30% DEET when used on children. Children should be careful not to rub their eyes after bug spray has been applied on their skin. Wash children's hands with soap and water to remove any bug spray when they return indoors.
• Put mosquito netting over playpens and baby carriages.

Remove mosquito breeding grounds!

• Remove items around your house and yard that collect water. Just one cup of water can produce hundreds of mosquitoes; an unused tire containing water can produce thousands of mosquitoes.
• Clean your gutters and downspouts so that they can drain properly.
• Remove any water from unused swimming pools, wading pools, boats, planters, trash and recycling bins, tires, and anything else that collects water, and cover them.
• Remove or treat any shallow water that can accumulate on top of a pool cover. Larvicide treatments, such as Mosquito Dunkscan be applied to kill immature mosquitoes. This environmentally friendly product is available at many hardware and garden stores and online.
• Clean and change water in birdbaths at least once a week.

Best practices for horse owners!

Horses are particularly susceptible to WNV and EEE virus. Horse owners are advised to vaccinate their animals early in the season and practice the following:

• Remove or cover areas where standing water can collect.
• Avoid putting animals outside at dawn, dusk, or during the night when mosquitoes are most active.
• Insect-proof facilities where possible and use approved repellents frequently.
• Monitor animals for signs of fever and/or neurological signs (such as stumbling, moodiness, loss of appetite) and report all suspicious cases to a veterinarian immediately. If you are unsure if your horse is properly vaccinated, consult your veterinarian.

Visit health.ri.gov/mosquitofor additional mosquito prevention tips, videos, and local data. DEM traps mosquitoes weekly and tests them at the RIDOH State Health Laboratories. From June through to the first hard frost of the season, which usually occurs in mid-October, DEM issues advisories on test results.

For more information on DEM programs and initiatives, visit www.dem.ri.gov. Follow DEM on Facebook, Twitter/X (@RhodeIslandDEM), or Instagram (@rhodeisland.dem) for timely updates. Sign up hereto receive the latest press releases, news, and events from DEM's Public Affairs Office to your inbox.

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