The PEW Charitable Trust: Lessons From the Pandemic Can Help States Manage Federal Funding

OVERVIEW
"To help states address the economic and public health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government provided the largest influx of emergency relief funds in the nation's history, a massive infusion of one-time dollars totaling more than $800 billion across six legislative packages.

State officials, in turn, adopted a range of strategies to effectively put these funds to use while complying with the various federal requirements, levels of flexibility, and spending timelines that accompanied the different funding programs. In some instances, they leveraged their experience from past emergencies and in others they developed novel approaches."

https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2025/04/lessons-from-the-pandemic-can-help-states-manage-federal-funding